Muchidiki, zvishoma-zvinocherechedza chikamu cheMamwe Specified Obsessive-Compulsive uye Related Disorder (DSM-5, 300.3; ICD-10, F42) kuongororwa muKutsvaga uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders - Fifth Edition (DSM-5) , nhema dzomuviri-dzakadzokorora kudzokorora unhu hwehutano. Kunyange zvazvo asiri imwe neimwe yakanyatsorondedzerwa muDMM-5, izvi zvinowanzokanganwa maitiro ehutano zvinogona kukonzera kushungurudzika kukuru uye kusagadzikana kwehutano muhupenyu hweavo vanorwisana navo.
Muviri-unofunga kudzokorora mafambiro (BFRBs) anosanganisira chero nzira yekudzokorora yekuzvichenesa inosanganisira kunyorera, kudhonza, kutora, kana kuchera bvudzi rako pachako, ganda, kana zvipikiri zvinokonzera kukanganisa mumuviri uye zvakasangana nekuedza kakawanda kumira kana kuderedza tsika. Kufanana nehama dzavo dzakajairika dzinonzi trichotillomania uye kushungurudzika kwepfungwa, BFRBs iyo inokwira kuchipatara inorehwa inofanira kuita kuti kuve nekunetseka kunetseka kana kuora mwoyo mumabasa ezuva rega rega uye hazvizove nani kunoratidzwa nehuwandu hwemagariro evanhu kana kusazvipira kuzvizvibata.
BFRBs dzinosanganisira, asi hazvirevi ku:
- Trichotillomania (trick-o-till-o-mania) - kazhinji-kubvarura-bvudzi, zvichiita kuti bvudzi rirasike. Dhiyabhorosi inoratidza kuti trichotillomania inowanikwa munenge 1% - 3% yevanhu.
- Chirangaridzo Chishuvo - kucheka kweganda nguva dzose, zvichikonzera maronda emaganda. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kuunganidza kweganda kunokanganisa 1.4% - 5.4% yevanhu vakawanda vekuAmerica, 75% avo vari vakadzi.
- Onychophagia (ah-ne-ke-fay-ji-a) - kuparadzwa kwezvigunwe kana zvigunwe nenzira yekugara. Inofungidzirwa kuti inenge inenge inenge 28% - 45% yevanhu, izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko akadai sekuonekwa kwechiganda nezvipikiri, zvirwere zveganda, uye zvinetso zvemadzinyo kusanganisira panguvaontal chirwere, malocclusion, kuwedzera kana kutenderera uye kumira kwevisori .
- Onychotillomania - (ah-ne-ke-till-o-mania) - kuparadzwa kweminwe kana zvipfeko kuburikidza nekutsvaga kwenguva refu, kuvhomora, nekugadzira manicuring. Kunyange zvazvo zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinowanika pane dambudziko iri, nhamba dzenyaya dzenyaya dzakabudiswa mune zvose zvepfungwa uye dermatological mabhuku. Matambudziko echirwere ichi akafanana ne onychophagia.
- Miromo Biting - (lip bite keratosis) - kudzokorora kweganda remiromo yako pachako.
- Cheek Biting - (cheek keratosis) - kuparadzwa kwemukanwa mumcosa mumuromo kuburikidza nekurumwa nemeno ako pachako, zvinowanzobatanidza nzvimbo yepakati, checheche romukati. Inofungidzirwa kuti inowanikwa munzvimbo inenge 3% yevanhu vakuru veUnited States, zvinetso zvekurwadza nemuromo uye cheek kushaya maitiro zvinosanganisira kuonda, maronda, uye zvirwere zvemuviri wemuromo pamwe nekuvandudzirwa kwekeratosis - kusingadi-kufanana.
- Rurimi Kucheka - chisingararamiri chekuita parurimi, kazhinji rutivi rwemiromo yerurimi, chinowanzo chinetso chemuromo. Zvinetso zvekuzvibata zvinosanganisira kunyanya uye keratinization, kurudzika, uye hyperkeratosis. Kunyangwe pakange pasina kuongorora zvedambudziko iri, zvakange zvataurwa mumabhuku emazino.
Chimwe chekusanzwisisana kukuru pamusoro peBFRBs ndicho chinonzi psychopathology.
Kusiyana nemabhuku epakutanga akanyorwa pamusoro pemitemo iyi ichiratidza kuti ivo vanozvinyima muzvisikwa, tsvakurudzo ichangobva kuitika inoratidza kuti havaiti seine chokuita nekunzvida kuzvidzora. Vanhu vazhinji vanoita mumitemo iyi vari kutarisana nemanzwiro ekurwadziwa (kufanana nechishuwo chekutanga chekuti chiito chekuti tic) chinosunungurwa nemufambiro, kana kuti, vari kuedza kugadzirisa, kugadzirisa, kana kuti kuchinje chimwe chezvinhu zvinozviona zve chinangwa panzvimbo (semuenzaniso, maitiro, tactile sensation, nezvimwewo - somuenzaniso, kutora ganda nechinangwa chekusimudzira kuoneka kwakanyanya nekukurumidza kuporesa).
Vanhu vazhinji vanoita maitiro aya havari kuronga kurwadzisa kana kukonzera kukuvadza mumuviri, asi, vanotsamwiswa nekuguma kunokanganisa ganda, vhudzi, kana misumari, zvichiita kuti kuwedzerwa kuedza kuderedza kana kumira maitiro. Kunyange zvazvo basa rekuzvibata richisiyana, rinowanzotaridzika sekuzvipa-kugadzikana kana kubatsira mukugadzirisa manzwiro kana nervous system inokurudzira.
Uchapupu hwakakosha hwehutano hweBFRBs, sezvinoratidzwa nekudzidza kwe trichotillomania nekunyanya kushungurudzika, kunosanganisira imwe pfungwa yekuziva-behavioral therapy (CBT) - tsika yekudzidzira tsika (HRT). HRT inosanganisira kudzidzisa kudzidzisa (kureva, kuzvitarisira), kuratidzwa kwezviito zvinokonzera, kukurudzira (kugadzirisa zvisikwa kuti kuderedze mikana yekutsvaga mufambiro), uye kukwikwidzana kupindura maitiro (kujekesa unhu hunoshandiswa husingaenderani nekutora ganda). Kubvuma uye Kuzvipira Therapy (ACT) uye Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) unyanzvi hwekudzidzisa huye hwakaratidzawo kuti hunobudirira semagadzirirwo ekugadzirisa HRT.
Yakarongwa Kuverenga
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Grant, J, Stein, D, Woods, D, & Keuthen, N. (2012). Trichotillomania, Ganda-Kuchengetedza, Uye Mamwe Mamwe Miti-Akadzokorora Kudzokorora Bhizimisi. American Psychiatric Publishing.