A Biography of the Influential Social Psychologist
Soromoni Asch aive mupayenzi wezvepfungwa dzepakati penyika uyo angangodaro akayeukwa zvakanakisisa nokuda kwekutsvakurudza kwake pamusoro pepfungwa yekutenderana. Asch akatora nzira yeGestalt yekudzidza kwehutano hwevanhu, zvichiratidza kuti hutano hwevanhu hunofanirwa kutaridzirwa maererano nekugadzirisa kwavo. Chimiro chake chinonyanya kufanana chakaratidzira kuti vanhu vaizochinja mhinduro yavo nekuda kwekusimudzirwa kwevanhu kuitira kuti vawirirane neboka rose.
Muna 2002 kuongororwa kwevamwe vepfungwa dzepamusoro dzepfungwa dzezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, Asch aive akabatanidzwa semukuru wechi 41-anowanzotaurwa kakawanda.
"Pfungwa dzomunhu inhengo yekuwana chokwadi kunze kwekunyengera." -Soromoni Asch
Kuberekwa uye Rufu:
- Soromoni Eliot Asch akaberekwa musi waSeptember 14, 1907 muWarsaw, Poland.
- Akafa February 20, 1996 muHaverford, Pennsylvania pazera remakore 88.
Upenyu Hwake Hwokutanga
Soromoni Asch akaberekerwa kuWarsaw asi akatamira kuUnited States muna 1920 ava nemakore gumi nematanhatu. Mhuri yake yaigara muBott East East Manhattan uye akadzidza Chirungu nokuverenga mabasa aCharles Dickens. Asch akapinda Chikoro cheGuta reNew York ndokupedza chikoro chake chechikoro muna 1928. Akazoenda ku Columbia University, kwaakarovedzwa naMarch Wertheimer uye akawana chikoro che master yake muna 1930 uye Ph.D. muna 1932.
Basa Rake uye Ongororo Yokupayona
Mumakore okutanga eHondo Yenyika II apo Hitler aive nesimba guru, Soromoni Asch akatanga kudzidza zvakakanganiswa nemaparaganda nekudzidziswa kwemaitiro paaiva purofesa paDhipatimendi reBrooklyn rezvepfungwa.
Akashandawo semuprofesa kwemakore 19 ku Swarthmore College, kwaakashanda naGestalt anozivikanwa mupfungwa dzepfungwa, Wolfgang Köhler.
Yaiva mukati me1950, Asch akave akakurumbira pamakwikwi ake ezvidzidzo (anozivikanwa seAsch kufanana nekuongorora ) izvo zvakaratidza migumisiro yekushamwaridzana kwevanhu kuenderana.
Kuti vanhu vaizoenda zvakadini kuti vaenzane nevamwe vari boka? Tsvakurudzo yaAsch yakaratidza kuti vatori vechikamu vaishamisika kuti vanofananidza neboka, kunyange apo ivo pachavo vaidavira kuti boka racho harina kururama. Kubva muna 1966 kusvikira muna 1972, Asch akabata musoro wekambani uye purofesa anozivikanwa wepfungwa panyaya yeChikwata cheCognitive Studies kuRuthgers University.
Ndezvipi Zvaiva Mipiro yaSoromoni Asch kuMapfungwa?
Solomon Asch anoonekwa seapiyona wehupfumi hwevanhu uye Gestalt psychology. Maitiro ake akaenzanisira akaratidza simba rehutano hwevanhu uye achiri kushanda semhepo yekufuridzirwa kwevanoshungurudzika kwepfungwa dzepanhau nhasi. Kunzwisisa kuti nei vanhu vakawirirana uye pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu api ivo vachipesana nekutenda kwavo pachavo kuti vataridzane neboka revanhu kwete kungobatsira chete magwepistori kunzwisisa kana kugadzirisa kunogona kuitika asiwo zvingaitwa kuti zvidzivirire.
Asch akatarisawo Stanley Milgram's Ph.D. paHarvard University uye akafuridzirwa naMilgram pachake pakutsvakurudza kwakakosha kune kuteerera . Basa raMilgram rakabatsira kuburitsa kuti vanhu vaizoenda sei kurega kutungamirirwa kubva kune mumwe munhu ane simba.
Kunyange zvazvo basa raAsch richiratidza kuti kufanana nevezera revanhu kunobatsira sei maitiro evanhu (kazhinji nenzira dzakaipa), Asch achiri kutenda kuti vanhu vaiwanzoita zvakanaka kune mumwe nemumwe.
Simba remamiriro ezvinhu nekumanikidzwa kweboka, zvisinei, kazhinji zvinogona kutungamirira kune zvishoma kudarika maitiro akanaka uye kugadzirisa zvisarudzo.
Zvinyorwa Zvakasarudzwa naSolomon Asch:
- Asch, SE (1951). Migumisiro yeboka rinomanikidza pamusoro pekugadziriswa uye kukanganisa kwekutonga. Muna H. Guetzkow (ed.) Mapoka, hutungamiri, uye varume. Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie Press.
- Asch, SE (1955). Mafungiro uye hukama hwemagariro evanhu. Scientific American, 193, 31-35.
- Asch, SE (1956). Zvidzidzo zvekuzvimirira uye kuwirirana: Chidiki chechimwe chinorwisana nevakawanda. Psychological Monographs, 70 (Whole no 416).
- Asch, SE (1987) Social psychology. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198521723
Sources:
Dombo, Irvin, ed The Legacy yaSoromoni Asch: Mitsara muCognition uye Social Psychology. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 0805804404; 1990.
Anotyisa, D. Soromoni Asch Akafa pa88; Anotungamira Pakati Pemagariro Evanhu. The New York Times ; 1996.