Ndeapi ma-neuroni ari muuropi hwemunhu? Vakwegura vakayera vave vachiratidza kuti mabhiriyoni zana yaiva nhamba yemashiripiti, asi zvimwe zvitsvakurudzo zvenguva zvishoma zvinoratidza kuti uropi chaizvoizvo huine neuron shoma kupfuura yekare yaitenda.
Uropi hwemunhu hunoumbwa nehutano hwakaoma hwetsvo . Iyi neuroni inoshandiswa sezvivako zvekuvaka kwehurongwa hwekutya, kutumira mashoko kune uye kubva muuropi uye mumuviri wose.
Iwe unogona kunge wakatarisira kuti nhamba yakawanda yeeuroni inodiwa pakugadzirisa kwakaoma kwakadaro, asi kungova neuroni mangani aripo muuropi hwemunhu?
Ndezvipi Neuroni zviri muBreat Brain?
Maererano nekufungidzira kwakawanda, uropi hwevanhu hune mazana ezviyoni mabhiriyoni neuroni (kupa kana kutora mabhiriyoni mashoma). Izvi zvinowanzotaurirwa kwemakore mazhinji mumabhuku e-neuroscience uye psychology uye kwemakore akawanda yakangogamuchirwa sekuswedera pedyo kwepedyo.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, nyanzvi, muongorori weBrazil Dr. Suzana Herculano-Houzel akawana kuti izvi zvinofungidzirwa zvingasave zvakanyatsokwana. Kunyange zvazvo nhamba yacho inowanikwa kakawanda, akawana kuti hakuna munhu aiita seanoziva kupi kana kuti nhamba iyi yakatanga kupi. Akabva asarudza kuongorora kuitira kuti aone kana nhamba yacho yakarurama.
Kufungidzira nhamba yeeuroni muuropi inoratidzika seine nyore nyore pamusoro. Ingotora muenzaniso wehuropi, uverenge nhamba yeeuroni muzamu iyoyo uye wobva wawedzerazve ruzivo irworwo kuti uzvidavirire nezvehutori huripo.
Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvichiita sezviri kuratidza nenzira yakarurama, neuron simba rakasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeuropi. Kuverenga neuroni mune chikamu chakakwirira cheuropi kunogona kutungamirira kune kuongororwa kwakakwirira apo kuverenga avo vari munzvimbo yakaderera yepamusoro kunogona kutungamirira kune kuwandisa kwakanyanya kuderera.
Kuti akunde dambudziko iri, vatsvakurudzi vakashandisa nzira iyo yakabatanidza kuparara kwemajekiseni esero kuitira kuti vakwanise kugadzira "sero reropi" kuitira kuti vagone kuverenga nhamba yesero nuclei mune samuenzaniso.
Iyo nuclei yemasero yakasvibiswawo kuti iparadzanise pakati pe-neurons ne glia, zvichibvumira vatsvakurudzi kuti vadaro vaverenge nuclei nuclei iyo ndeyetsitsi.
"Zvakanditora mwedzi mishoma kuti ndive nerunyararo nepfungwa iyi yokuti ndaizotora huropi hwemunhu kana huro hwemhuka uye ndichishandura kuva soro," Herculano-Houzel akatsanangurira Nature . "Asi chinhu chacho ndechekuti tanga tichidzidza zvakadai nenzira iyi isu tanga tichiwana nhamba dzavanhu dzisina kukwanisa kuwana ... Ndiyo imwe nzira imwe chete iyo isiri iyo yakaipisisa kupfuura kungobvisa uropi hwako muchidimbu."
Ndedzipi dzakauroni dzakatsvakurudzwa nevatsvakurudzi muutsvo dzavakaongorora?
"Takaona kuti pamwero wehuropi hwemunhu dzine 86 mabhiriyoni neuroni uye kwete imwe yatakatarisa kusvika ikozvino mabhiriyoni zana.Asi kunyange zvingaratidzika sechidimbu chiduku mabhiriyoni gumi nemana aneuroni zvakaenzana chaizvo neuroni ubongo hwebhakoni hune kana inenge hafu yehuwandu hweeuroni muuropi hwe gorilla. "Saka iyo yakasiyana chaizvo chaizvoizvo," akatsanangura kudaro Herculano-Houzel.
Saka, maererano nekutsvakurudza uku kutsva, uropi hwemunhu hunogona kunge huine mairi 86 mabhiriyoni neuroni.
Neurons Mamwe Mhuka
Maererano naHerculano-Houzel, ubongo hwevanhu hunofananidzwa zvakaenzana nemakumbo emakumbo nechisarudzo chimwechete chakakosha: tine masero ehupamhi ehupi anoda simba rakawanda rekugadzira uye kuchengeta.
Nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti inofungidzirwa 25 muzana yemashandisirwo edu ese emagetsi anowedzera kuunza ose aya masero.
Nhamba yakawanda yeeuroni iripo muuropi hwehupenyu inowedzera kuenzaniswa kana ichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvipenyu. Saka ndeapi mapuroni ari muhupi hwemamwe mhuka?
- Zvibereko Fly: 100 000 neuroni
- Cockroach: Mamiriyoni ane neuroni
- Mouse: 75 Million neurons
- Cat: Rimwe bhiriyoni neuroni
- Chimpanzi: 7 bhiriyoni neuroni
- Nyemba: 23 mabhiriyoni neuroni
Nepo huro hwehupi hwevanhu husingave nehutano hunokwana mabhiriyoni zana neuroni sekufungidzirwa kwenguva yakareba, 86 mabhiriyoni hachiri chinhu chekunyadzisa.
Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro peeuroni uye uropi hwomunhu:
- Chii Chinonzi Neuron?
- The Structure of a Neuron
- The Anatomy of the Human Brain
- Iyo Yakakura Sei Ubongo?
- Isu Tine Chete Tichishandisa 10-Percent of Ubongo Hwedu?
> Sources:
> Herculano-Houzel, S. Uropi hwehumunhu muhuwandu: Uropi hwomunhu hutano hwakananga. Mitsva muvanhu Neuroscience. 2009; 3 (31): doi: 10.3389 / neuro.09.031.2009.
> Orca, S. Nhangemutange yekudzosa injiniya huro hwevanhu. H + Magazini. 2009.
> Randerson, J. Ndangani dzakawanda dzinoita uropi hwomunhu? Mabhiriyoni mashoma pane zvatakafunga. The Guardian. 2012.
> Williams, Robert W. Mapping Genes kuti Modulate Mouse Chirwere Chekuita: A Inotative Genetic Approach. Mune: Kukura kwehutano hweMouse (Goffinet AF, Rakic P, eds), Springer Verlag, New York, 21-49; 2000.