Mutumbi unoshandisa huwandu hwemakemikari anozivikanwa seveurotransmitter kutumira zviratidzo kubva pane imwe sero kuenda kune imwe. Chimwe chezvinonyanya kukonzerwa neurotransmitter mumutumbi wemunhu ndeye acetylcholine, kazhinji inopfupiswa ACh. Iko mune zvose zviri mukati mehutano system (CNS) uye purogiramu yenheyo yenheyo (PNS).
Zita rokuti acetylcholine rinotorwa kubva pane rakarongwa.
Iyo ikemikari yakagadzirwa neAlextic acid uye choline. Cholinergic synapses ndiyo iyo inotenderera inopindirana neacetylcholine.
Sei Isetylcholine Yakawanikwa?
Acetylcholine haisi iyo chete inowanzoshandiswa mumakemikari, asi zvakare ndiyo yekutanga yeurotransmitter inofanira kuonekwa.
Yakawanikwa naHenry Hallett Dale muna 1914, uye kuvapo kwayo kwakagadziridzwa zvakare naOtto Loewi. Vose vaviri vakapiwa mubayiro weNobel muPhysiology / Medicine muna 1936 nekuda kwekuwanikwa kwavo.
Sei Acetylcholine Inoshanda Muviri
Muscles
Munharaunda yehutachiona yehutachiona, iyi neurotransmitter inokosha chikamu chehurongwa hwehutongi hwezvigadziro uye inoshanda kushandisa misumbu. Mukati yezvigadzirisheni, acetylcholine inodzora huwandu hwemabasa kuburikidza nekuita ne preganglionic neurons mukunzwira tsitsi uye kuparadzanisa maitiro.
Mune nhengo dzenhepfenyuro dzeropa, acetylcholine inonzi neurotransmitter inotumira zviratidzo pakati pemagetsi uye masaga.
Inoshanda pamagetsi e-neuromuscular uye inobvumira mapurisa emotokari kuti aite masimba ekuita. Rimwe remabasa ekutanga e-acetylcholine nderekutakura zviratidzo kubva pamotokari emakumbo kusvika kumapfupa emumuviri wemuviri.
Semuenzaniso, uropi hunogona kutumira chiratidzo chekutungamira ruoko rworudyi. Chiratidzo chacho chinotakurwa nemagetsi emagetsi kumisangano yeurusurusus.
Chiratidzo chinoparadzirwa nechisungo ichi ne-acetylcholine neurotransmitter, zvichikonzera mhinduro yaidiwa mune iyo tsvina.
Nemhaka yokuti acetylcholine ine basa rinokosha mumagariro emasumbu, zvinodhaka zvinokonzera iyi neurotransmitter inogona kukonzera dhigirii dzakasiyana-siyana dzekusavhiringidza kwekufamba kana kunyange kuparara.
The Brain and Central Nervous System
Acetylcholine inoshandawo panzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana mukati mehutano hwepakati. MuCSS, acetylcholine inotarisa pakati peeuroni dzakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo dzehuropi dzinodzora zvinokurudzira, kumutsa, nekucherechedza. Nzira yakakosha yecholinergic inopera muNCS yakabatanidzwa nekutanga kwechirwere cheAlzheimer.
Muchiropi, acetylcholine inoshanda se neuromodulator. Panzvimbo pokuita zvakananga synaptic kutengesa pakati pezvinonzi neurons, vanokonzera neuromodulator vanoita pane zvakasiyana-siyana zveeuroni mumutambo wenheyo. Uyewo muCSS, acetylcholine inoshanda sechikamu chehutachiona hwehutano uye inotanga basa mukucherechedza uye kumutsa.
Zvinodhaka uye zvinhu zvinopesanisa acetylcholine basa zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa mumuviri uye zvinogona kutotungamirira kurufu. Mienzaniso yezvinhu zvakadai inosanganisira mamwe marudzi emishonga inouraya uye mutsara.
Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekuti vatori vemaurotransmitter vanotumira sei, kukurudzira uye kuenzanisa zviratidzo munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzomuviri pamwe nekusava nekushayikwa kwezvinhu izvi mumakemikari anosangana nedzimwe zvirwere.
Sources:
Purves, D., Augustine, GJ, & Fitzpatrick, D., et al., Ed. Neuroscience . Fifth Edition. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. 2012.
Siegal A. & Sapru HN. Inokosha Neuroscience. Dhidhiro yechitatu. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. 2014.
Thompson, RF The Brain: A Neuroscience Primer . New York: Worth Worth Publishers. 2000.