Iko neurons inoparidzira ruzivo mumuviri wose
A neuron is cell cell iyo ndiyo nheyo yekuvaka yehutachiona. Neurons yakafanana nedzimwe masero mumumuviri womunhu munzira dzakawanda, asi pane imwechete yakasiyana pakati peeurons nemamwe masero. Neurons inoshandiswa kutumira mashoko mumuviri wose.
Aya masero emasero anokosha anokonzerwa nekukurukura ruzivo mune zvose makemikari uye magetsi mafomu.
Kunewo marudzi akasiyana-siyana eonuroni anotarisira mabasa akasiyana mumutumbi wemunhu.
Sensory neurons inotakura mashoko kubva kumasero ekugamuchira mutezo mumuviri wose kuuropi. Motokari neurons inoparidza mashoko kubva muuropi kusvika kumisungo yemuviri. Interneurons vane basa rekutaurira ruzivo pakati peeuroni dzakasiyana mumuviri.
Neurons vs. Zvimwe Maseji
Kufananidzwa nemamwe masero:
- Neuroni nemamwe masero emuviri zvose zvine nucleus inobata ruzivo rwemazwi.
- Neurons nemamwe masero emuviri akakomberedzwa nembambo inodzivirira sero.
- Masero emasero maviri ane organelles anotsigira hupenyu hweSero, kusanganisira mitochondria, miviri yeGolgi, uye cytoplasm.
Kusiyana kunoita kuti neuroni ive yakasiyana:
- Kusiyana nemamwe masero emitumbi, neuroni dzinoramba kurera nekukurumidza mushure mekuberekwa. Nemhaka yeizvi, zvimwe zvikamu zveuropi zvine hutano huzhinji pakuberekwa kudarika gare gare muupenyu nokuti neurons anofa asi haitsiviwa. Kunyange zvazvo neuroni isingabereke munharaunda dzakawanda dzeuropi, tsvakurudzo yakaratidza kuti hutsva hunobatana pakati peeurons hunoumba hupenyu hwose. Neurogenesis , kana kuumbwa kwemasero matsva emasero, inoitika kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeuropi muhupenyu hwose.
- Neurons ine membrane yakagadzirirwa kutumira mashoko kune mamwe masero. The axon uye dendrites zvivakwa zvakagadzirirwa kutumira uye kugamuchira ruzivo. Kubatana kwemasero kunonzi syapses. Neurons inosunungura makemikari anozivikanwa seveurotransmitter mune idzi synapses kuti ataurirane nemamwe neuron.
The Structure of a Neuron
Pane zvikamu zvitatu zvinokosha zvee-neuron : dendrites, sero, uye axon. Zvisinei, neuroni dzose dzinosiyana zvishoma nezvishoma muhukuru, maitiro, uye maitiro zvichienderana nebasa uye nhengo ye neuron.
Mamwe ma-neuroni ane mashomanana ematavi eDendritic, asi mamwe akakura zvikuru kuti awane ruzivo rwakanyanya. Mamwe ma-neuroni ane zvidzitiro zviduku, asi vamwe vanogona kuva kwenguva refu. Iyo yakareba yakanyanya mumumuviri womunhu inotangira kubva pasi pechipfupa kusvika kumakona makuru uye zviyero urefu hwemakumbo matatu!
Action Potentials
Ko neuroni inotumira sei nekugamuchira ruzivo? Kuti neuroni kutaura, inoda kutumira ruzivo rwemukati mukati meNeuron uye kubva kune imwe neuron kusvika kune inotevera. Izvi zvinoshandisa zviratidzo zviviri zvemagetsi pamwe chete nemakemikari vatumwa.
Dendrites of neurons anogamuchira ruzivo kubva kune zvinogamuchirwa zvinogadziriswa kana zvimwe zvinonzi neurons. Idzi ruzivo runobva rwakapfuudzwa kusvika kune sero muviri uye kuenda kune axon. Kana imwe nguva mashoko acho asvika pa axon, inofamba pasi nehurefu ye axon nenzira yegetsi yemagetsi inozivikanwa sechinhu chinogona kuitwa .
Kukurukurirana pakati peS Synapses
Pane imwe nguva kushandiswa kwemagetsi kwasvika kumagumo exon, ruzivo runofanira kuparidzwa kune rumwe rutivi rwema-syntictic gap kune dendrites evanosangana neuron.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chiratidzo chemagetsi chinogona kuita nguva pfupi uye chichigadzirisa musiyano pakati peeuroni uye ramba uchifamba munzira yayo.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, neurotransmitters inodiwa kutumira mashoko kubva kune imwe neuron kune inotevera. Neurotransmitters maikemikisi anotumirwa anosunungurwa kubva kumashini ekupedzisira ekugadzirisa svapapop gap uye kusvika kune nzvimbo dzinogamuchirwa dzevamwe neuroni. Muchiito chinonzi reuptake, idzi neurotransmitters dzinonamatira panzvimbo yekugamuchira uye dzinodzorerwa zvakare neuron kuti ishandiswe zvakare.
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters ichinhu chinonyanya kukosha chekushanda kwedu kwezuva nezuva. Kunyange zvazvo zvisingazivikanwi kuti ndeapi maurotransmitter aripo, masayendisiti akacherechedza zvinopfuura zana zveyi makemikari vatumwa.
Ndezvipi zvinogadziriswa nemumwe wevashandi ava vane muviri pamuviri? Chii chinoitika kana zvirwere kana zvinodhaka zvinopindira nevatumwa vemakemikari? Zvinotevera ndezvishomanana chete zvemaurotransmitter makuru, maitiro avo anozivikanwa, uye zvinetso zvavanobatanidzwa nazvo.
Acetylcholine: Yakabatanidzwa neyemangariro, maitiro emusana, uye kudzidza. Kushaiwa kweAacetylcholine muuropi kunobatanidzwa nechirwere cheAlzheimer.
Endorphins: Kushamwaridzana nemanzwiro uye kurwadziwa kunzwisisika. Mutumbi unobvisa endorphins mukupindura kutya kana kushungurudzika. Aya makemikari vatumwa akafanana neapiate madhiragi akadai se morphine asi ane simba zvikuru.
Dopamine: Kushamwaridzana nemafungiro uye manzwiro anofadza. Chirwere chePalinson ndechimwe chirwere chinokonzerwa nokusakwana mune dopamine. Vanachiremba vanogona kupa mishonga inogona kuwedzera dopamine basa muuropi. Chimwe chikamu ndeche dopamine agonists, iyo inofanana nemigumisiro ye dopamine. Imwe rudzi rwemujeri ndiro levodopa, iyo inoshandurwa kuva dopamine muuropi. Mumwe nomumwe anotakura zvikomborero zvake pachake uye nemigumisiro. Vatsvakurudzi vakawanawo hukama hwakasimba pakati pechichizofrenia uye yakawandisa dopamine mune zvimwe zvikamu zveuropi.
> Sources:
> Dambudziko rePasinson. National Institute of Health, Senior Aging website. Yakavandudzwa June, 2016.
> Thompson, RF The Brain: A Neuroscience Primer. New York: Worth Worth Publishers; 2000.