1 - 10 Zvinhu Zvinofadza Zvaunofanira Kuziva Nezvokuyeuka
Kuyeuka kwedu kunotibatsira kuita kuti isu tiri ani. Kubvira pakuyeuka zviitiko zvehucheche nekuyeuka kwatakasiya makiyi edu, chiyeuchidzo chinoita basa rinokosha mune zvose zvehupenyu hwedu. Zvinotipa isu nepfungwa yezvatiri uye inoita hupenyu hwedu hunogara huripo.
Zviri nyore kufunga nezvechirangaridzo sekambani yekunyora kwepfungwa, kuchengetedza bits rehudziro kusvikira tavaida. Muzvokwadi, inzira inoshamisa yakaoma kunzwisisa inosanganisira zvikamu zvakawanda zveuropi . Zviyeuchidzo zvinogona kuva zvakajeka uye zvinogara kwenguva refu, asi zvinowanzosvika pakusaziva uye kukanganwa.
2 - Hippocampus Inotora Basa Rinokosha Mukuyeuka
Ikoko hippocampus inzvimbo yakagadzirwa nemabhiza inzvimbo yeuropi iyo ine basa rinokosha pakubatanidza ruzivo kubva munguva shomanana yekuyeuka kusvika kwenguva refu. Icho chikamu chechimbic system , chirongwa chinosanganiswa nemanzwiro uye nguva refu yekuyeuka. Iko hippocampus inobatanidzwa mumitambo yakaoma yakadai sekuumba, kuronga, nekuchengetedza zviyeuchidzo.
Nokuti mativi maviri europi akasiyana, hippocampus inogona kuwanikwa mune zvose hemispheres. Kukuvadzwa kwemukoko kunogona kukanganisa kukwanisa kuumba zvinhu zvitsva, zvinonzi anterograde amnesia.
Kushanda kweiyo hippocampus kunogonawo kuderera nezera. Nenguva iyo vanhu vanosvika makumi emakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemasere, vangangodaro vakarasikirwa zvikuru ne20 muzana yehutano hwehutano mumusango. Kunyange zvazvo vasiri vanhu vakuru vese vakaratidzira kurasikirwa kweyeuron, avo vanoratidzira kushanda kwepamusoro kwekuyeuka mhinduro.
3 - Zvizhinji Zvenguva Pfupi Yekuyeuka Inokurumidza Kukanganwa
Zvose zvakakwana zvekuyeuka kwenguva pfupi hazvina kukwana. Nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti unokwanisa kuchengeta zvinhu zvinomwe mumutsutso pfupi kwemaawa anenge 30 kusvika ku30. Izvi zvinogona kutambanudzwa zvishoma kuburikidza nekushandisa nzira dzekurangarira dzakadai sekunamata , izvo zvinosanganisira kuunganidza ruzivo rwakabatana mu "zvinyorwa" zviduku.
Mune pepa rakakurumbira rakabudiswa muna 1956, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa George Miller akaratidza kuti kukwanisa kwekanguva kwekuyeuka kwekuchengetedza urongwa hwezvinhu kwakanga kune imwe nzvimbo pakati pe5 nerepfumbamwe. Nhasi, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzekuyeuka dzinofunga kuti simba rechokwadi rekuyeuka kwenguva pfupi rinenge riri pedyo nenhamba ina.
Ona izvi mukuzviitira iwe pachako nekuedza izvi zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yekuyeuka . Shandisa maminitsi maviri muchiyeuchidza rwandu rwemashoko emazwi, ezvo uwane chikamu chisina chinhu uye edza kunyora pasi semashoko akawanda aunogona kuyeuka.
4 - Kuedzwa Pamusoro Pemazwi Actually Inobatsira Iwe Kuyeuka Zviri nani
Kunyange zvazvo zvingaita sokuti kuverenga nokudzokorora mashoko ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuita kuti iwe uyeuke, vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti kuongororwa pamashoko ndeyechokwadi yeimwe nzira dzakanakisisa yekuvandudza kurangarira.
Chimwe chekuedza chakawana kuti vadzidzi vakadzidza uye vakazoedzwa vakave nekuyeuka kwenguva yakareba yezvimwe zvinhu, kunyange pane ruzivo rwakanga rusina kufukidzwa nemayero. Vadzidzi vainge vaine nguva yakawanda yokudzidza asi vasina kuongororwa vakanga vakanyanyisa kurangarira zvezvinhu.
5 - Unogona Kudzidza Kuvandudza Kuyeuka Kwako
Unombonzwa sokuti iwe uri kukanganwa zvinhu nguva dzose kana kushandura zvinhu zvaunoshandisa zuva rimwe nerimwe here? Wati wambozviwana iwe uchifamba mukamuri chete kuti uone kuti haugoni kuyeuka sei wakaenda imomo munzvimbo yekutanga? Kunyange zvazvo zvingaita sokuti iwe uchatongororerwa kushivirira matambudziko aya ezuva nezuva, vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti unogona kudzidza kuvandudza pfungwa yako .
Nyaya yakavigwa muna 2005 mu Monitor on Psychology inopfupisa tsvakurudzo inojekesa nzira dzakakosha dzekugadzirisa nekukanganisa kurasikirwa mupfungwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Kushandisa teknolojia yekuchengetedza ruzivo rwemashoko. Zvishandiso zvakadai sezvigaro zvemaoko zvinochengetwa nemaoko uye zviyeuchidzo zvekambani mumakendani zvinogona kubatsira vanhu kuchengeta nhamba dzekugadza uye mamwe mazuva anokosha. Kushandisa chiyeuchidzo app pafoni yako kunogona kuva nzira yakasimba yekugara pamusoro pemazuva anokosha uye zviitiko.
- Kutora "fungidzira mupfungwa" kunogona kubatsira. Kurongedza kuedza kugadzirisa pfungwa dzezvinhu zvaunowanzokanganwa (zvakadai apo wakasiya motokari yako) zvinogona kukubatsira kurangarira zvinhu zviri nani. Nguva inotevera paunogadza kiyi dzako pane imwe nzvimbo, tora nguva yekufunga mupfungwa dzako pawakasiya uye pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvaive zviri pedyo. Kana iwe uchifunga iwe pachako "Ndasiya makiyi angu nehombodo yangu padhesiki," zvimwe uchawana zviri nyore kuyeuka mashoko acho gare gare.
- Shandisa nzira dzekuyeuchidza. Kudzokorora ruzivo, kushandisa masemonics, uye dzimwe nzira dzekuyeuka ndezvenzira dzakanakisisa dzekukunda matambudziko mashoma ekuyeuka. Nokudzidza kushandisa mazano aya nekubudirira, iwe unogona kukanganisa nzvimbo dzisina kunaka dzekuyeuka kwako uye kudzidzisa uropi hwako kuita nenzira itsva.
6 - Pane Zvine Zvikonzero Zvikuru nei Uchikanganwa Zvinhu
Kuti urwise kukukanganwa, zvinokosha kunzwisisa zvimwe zvezvikonzero zvikuru nei tichikanganwa zvinhu. Elizabeth Loftus, mumwe wenyanzvi dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa pasi rose pamusoro pevanhu, akacherechedza zvikonzero zvina zvakakonzera kukanganwa kunoitika . Chimwe chezvinotsanangurwa zvakajairika kusakundikana kutora kuwana mashoko kubva mumusoro. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kana zvisingarangarirwi zvinowanikwa, zvichiita kuti zvive nokuora kwekufamba kwenguva.
Chimwe chikonzero chinokonzera kukanganwa kupindira, izvo zvinoitika apo zvimwe zviyeuchidzo zvinokwikwidzana nezvimwe zviyeuchidzo. Semuenzaniso, fungidzira kuti mukadzi achangotanga gore idzva rechikoro semudzidzisi wepuraimari. Anopedza nguva yakawanda achidzidza mazita eumwe neumwe wevadzidzi vake, asi pamusoro pemakore ega, anozviwana achigara achishevedza musikana chaiye nezita risina kunaka. Sei? Nokuti hanzvadzi yakasikana yemukomana yaiva mukirasi imwechete gore rakapfuura, uye iyo mbiri inotaridzika yakafanana. Icho chiyeuchidzo chehanzvadzi yakwegura inoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuyeuka zita romudzidzi muduku.
Zvimwe zvinokonzera kukanganwa zvinosanganisira kusakwanisa kuchengeta mashoko muchirangaridzo munzvimbo yekutanga kana kunyange kuedza kuedza kukanganwa zvinhu zvinosangana nechiitiko chinovhiringidza kana chinotyisa.
7 - Zvinyorwa zveAmnesia muMafuta Zvinowanzosajeka
Amnesia iyi chimbo chinowanzogadzirwa mumavhidhiyo, asi izvi zvinoratidzika zvinowanzova zvisina kururama. Nemuenzaniso, kangani wakaona chimiro chezvinyengeri chinorasikirwa nheyo yavo nekuda kwechigumbu pamusoro chete kuti zvinyorwa zvavo zvidzoke shure mushure mekutambura kwechipiri kugogodza kuhenya?
Kune marudzi maviri akasiyana eamnesia:
- Anterograde amnesia: Inobatanidza kurasikirwa kwekwanisi yekuumba zvirangariro zvitsva.
- Dzorerazve amnesia: Inosanganisira kurasikirwa nekwanisi yekuyeuka zvakaitika kare, kunyange zvazvo kukwanisa kugadzira zvinyorwa zvitsva zvingaramba zvakasimba.
Kunyange zvazvo mafirimu akawanda ekuratidzira amnesia anosanganisira kudzorerazve amnesia, anterograde amnesia inonyanya kufanana. Nyaya inonyanya kuzivikanwa ye anterograde amnesia yaiva murwere anozivikanwa mumabhuku saHM Muna 1953, aive nekuvhiyiwa kweuropi kuti abatsire kugumbuka kunokonzerwa nehosha yake yakaoma. Kuvhiyiwa kwaibatanidza kubviswa kwechipiri mahara, zvikamu zvehuropi zvakabatana zvakanyanya nekuyeuka. Somugumisiro, HM yakanga isisakwanisi kuumba chero mutsva yezvirangaridzo zvenguva refu.
Mafirimu akakurumbira uye mapurogiramu ezerevhizheni zvinowanzoratidza kurangarirwa kwakadaro sezvakajairika, asi nhau dzechokwadi dzeamnesia dzakakwana pamusoro pekare uye huzivi ndezvechokwadi.
Zvimwe zvezvikonzero zvinowanzokonzera amnesia zvinosanganisira:
- Kutambudza: Kurwadziwa kwepanyama, kwakadai sepasipi yemotokari, kunogona kukonzera kuti munhu wacho anorasikirwa kurangarirwa zvimwe zviitiko zvechiitiko chacho pachako. Kushungurudzika mupfungwa, zvakadai sokuva chibharo chekushungurudzwa kwepabonde kwevana, kunogona kukonzera munhu kurasikirwa nezviyeuchidzo zvemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo.
- Zvinodhaka: Mamwe mishonga inogona kushandiswa kukonzera amnesia yenguva duku, kunyanya munguva yekurapa. Kamwe kana mishonga ichibvaruka, munhu wacho anoyeuka achidzokera kumagetsi.
Mafirimu Ane Zvinyorwa zveAmnesia
- Robocop (1987)
- Nezve Henry (1991)
- The English Patient (1996)
- Memento (2001)
- Bourne Identity
- 50 Dhaisi Dzokutanga (2004)
- Kuwana Nemo (2003)
Shanduro blog Neurophilosophy inotaura mafirimu maviri akangobva kuwanikwa anonyatsoratidza zvakajeka zve amnesia: Memento nekuwana Nemo .
8 - Nhuva Inogona Kuva Nesimba Rokuyeuka Kuronga
Wati wambocherechedza here kuti kunhuhwirira kunogona kukonzera kukurumidza kwezvirangariro zvakajeka? Kunhuhwirira kwekiki kubika kunogona kukuyeuchidza kushandisa nguva paimba yaguru vako pawakanga uri mwana muduku. Kunhuhwirira kwezvinonhuwira zvinogona kukuyeuchidza wewawakaroorana naye wawakaroorana naye ukama hwako hwakaguma pamusana wakaoma.
Sei kunhuwidza kunoita sekuita saizvozvowo simba rinoyeuka rinotanga?
Kutanga, mutsara unofadza uri pedyo zvikuru neamygdala, nzvimbo yeuropi iyo yakabatana nehupenyu hwekunzwa pamwe nekurangarira mupfungwa. Mukuwedzera, mutsara unofadza uri pedyo zvikuru nemukoko, unobatanidza nekuyeuka sezvawakadzidza kare munyaya ino.
Iko kukwanisa kwekunhuhwirira kunobatanidza zvikuru nekuyeuka. Kutsvakurudza kwakaratidza kuti kana nzvimbo dzehuropi dzakabatanidzwa kuchirangaridzo zvakakanganiswa, kukwanisa kuona kunhuhwa kunenge kusina simba. Kuti uzive hwekunhu, unofanirwa kuyeuka kana wainzwa kare usati wanyatsobatanidza nemashoko ekuona akaitika panguva imwe chete. Maererano nekumwe kutsvakurudza, kudzidza ruzivo muhupo hwekunhuhatidza kunowedzera kujekesa nekukura kwemashoko akayeuka apo unonzwa kunhuhwirira zvakare.
9 - Utsva Hwakabatana Hwakagadzirwa Hwakagadzirwa Nguva Yose Unogadzira Chiyeuchidzo
Vatsvakurudzi vave vachifunga kwenguva refu kuti kuchinja muuropi neurons kunobatanidzwa nekuumbwa kwezviyeuchidzo. Nhasi, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofunga kuti zvisikwa zvekuyeuka zvinobatanidzwa nekusimbiswa kwekubatana kwepoko kana kuti kukura kwekubatana kwepakati peeuroni .
Kubatana kwemasero emasero anozivikanwa se synapses, uye vanobvumira ruzivo runotungamirirwa nenzira yehutano hwemagunha kubva kune imwe neuron kuenda kune inotevera. Muhuropi hwemunhu, kune matrioniyoni emasikirasi anoumba yakaoma uye inoshandura mitambo inotitendera kuti tinzwe, tite, uye tifunge. Iko kushandurwa kwechibvumirano chechi-synaptic munzvimbo dzeuropi dzakadai sa cerebral cortex uye hippocampus iyo inobatanidza nekudzidza uye kuchengetwa kwemashoko matsva.
Mune rumwe ruzivo rwakaitwa paNew York School of Medicine, vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kuongorora sangano rekugadzirisa mukati mehutano hwemhando dzemagetsi. Zvavakawana ndezvokuti mucheche mutsva, zviduku zvishoma zvishoma zvinowanzova kuva kwenguva yakareba mapepa pamagumo ekugamuchirwa kweyeuroni zvakakura nokukurumidza. Iyi kukura kwekuwedzera yakabatana nekukurumidza kukurudzirwa kweiyo cortex inooneka. Kunyange zvazvo nhamba huru yezvipembenene zviduku zvakapedzisira zvapera nezera, vazhinji vakaramba vachiita maitiro avo muzvizere zvizere.
Mutungamiri wepamberi Wen-Biao Gan akatsanangura munhaurirano newebsite ye sayenzi WhyFiles.org , "Pfungwa yedu ndeyekuti iwe haufaniri kuisa shanduro itsva itsva uye kubvisa vanhu vekare paunodzidza, kuisa pamusoro. shandura simba re-synapses yepreexist yekudzidza kwenguva pfupi nekuyeuka.Asi zvisinei, zvingangodaro kuti mashopu mashoma anogadzirwa kana kubviswa kuti awane nguva yakareba yekuyeuka. "
Zviri pachena, kuchengeta hutano hwakanaka uye synapses inokosha. Kuora kwema-synapse nekuda kwezvirwere kana neurotoxin kunosangana nezvinetso zvekunzwisisa, kukanganwa kwepfungwa, kuchinja mafungiro, nekumwe kushanduka muuropi kushanda.
Saka chii chaungaita kuti usimbise synapses yako?
- Dzivisa kushungurudzika: Tsvakurudzo yakawana kuti kuwedzerwa kuderedzwa mupfungwa kunogona kupindira neurotransmitter basa. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakawana kuti kushushikana kunopera neuroni mu prefrontal cortex uye hippocampus.
- Dzivisa zvinodhaka, doro, nezvimwe zveurouroxin: Kushandisa zvinodhaka nekuwedzerwa kudhakwa zvinodhaka zvakabatanidzana nekusagadzikana kwechikafu. Kuisa pachena kumakemikari ane ngozi zvakadai sesimbi inorema uye zvinouraya zvinogonawo kukonzera kusagadzikana kwechibvumirano.
- Wana Zvakawanda Zvokurovedza muviri: Kuita zvekuita nguva dzose kubasa kunobatsira kuvandudza oksijeni kweuropi, izvo zvinokosha kuti sangano rekugadzirisa uye kukura.
- Simbisa ubongo hwako: Zvichida wakanzwa mhembera yekare "Shandisa kana kurasa iyo." Zvakanaka, zvinosvika kune chokwadi chakawanda kune icho kana zvasvika pamusoro. Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti vanhu vakwegura vanoita zvinhu zvinokurudzira mupfungwa hazviwanzoita kuti vanhu vawedzere kuora mwoyo uye vanhu vane mitemo yepamusoro yezvidzidzo vanowanzove nehana yakawanda yekubatana muuropi.
10 - Kurara Kwakanaka Kunogona Kuvandudza Kurangarira Kwako
Zvichida wakanzwa nezvezvizhinji zvezvikonzero zvekurara zvakanaka usiku . Kubva kuma1960, vatsvakurudzi vakaona kubatana kwakakosha pakati pehope uye yekuyeuka. Mune imwe yero yekuongorora yakaitwa muna 1994, vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti kudzivisa vatori vechikamu vavete nehutano hwavo kukwanisa kuvandudza kushanda pane basa rekutsanangura mutsara.
Mukuwedzera pakubatsira mupfungwa, kurara kunobatawo basa rinokosha mukudzidza ruzivo rutsva. Mune kumwe kuongorora, vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti kudzivisa vadzidzi vehope mushure mokudzidza unyanzvi hutsva zvakaderera kurangarira pfungwa iyoyo kusvikira mazuva matatu gare gare.
Vanotsvakurudza vakawana, zvisinei, kuti kubatwa kwekurara pamagariro ekugadzirisa kwakasimba zvikuru kudarika iko kwekuzivisa chiyeuchidzo. Zviyeuchidzo zvemuitiro ndezviya zvinosanganisira unyanzvi wemotokari uye unyanzvi, nepo kuzivisa zviyeuchidzo kune izvo zvinosanganisira kuyeuchidza zvinhu.
"Kana iwe uchizoongororwa pamasero makumi maviri nemazana mashanu echiFrench masikati, iwe unogonawo kuramba wakamhanya uye uchienda," akatsanangura kudaro Robert Stickgold, purofesa wepfungwa paHarvard Medical School, mune imwe nyaya yakabudiswa muAAPA's Monitor on Psychology . "Asi kana vachizokanda mavhetibvu kwauri uye kukukumbira kuti utsanangure kusiyana kweFrance Revolution uye Industrial Revolution, iwe uri nani pane uchingorara."
11 - Kuyeuka Kwepfungwa muAkare-Zera Hazvikwanisi Kuzvidzivirira
Kunyange zvazvo chirwere cheAlzheimer uye mamwe matambudziko anokonzera makore anokanganisa vakuru vakwegura, kurasikirwa kwechirangaridzo munguva yezera rekare kunogona kusingadzivisiki. Humwe humwe hutano hunowanzoperera nezera, asi vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti vanhu vari mumakore avo 70 vanowanzoita zvakananga pamatambudziko akawanda ekufungisisa sezvinoita avo vane makore makumi maviri. Dzimwe mhando dzekuyeuka dzinotowedzera nezera.
Nepo vatsvakurudzi vachiri kushanda kuti vanzwisise kuti nei vamwe vakwegura vakakwanisika kuchengetedza kurangarira kwakanaka apo vamwe vanonetseka, zvimwe zvikonzero zvave zvichibatanidzwa kusvikira zvino. Kutanga, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofunga kuti kune chimiro chemazwi ekuchengetedza kuchengetedza munguva yekwegura. Chechipiri, mararamiro emararamiro anotendwawo anoita basa rinokosha.
"Ndinofunga kuti kubatana kwekuita-kutakura, zvikuru," Dr. Bruce S. McEwen, purofesa paRockefeller University muNew York, akatsanangura kuThe New York Times . "'Kukanganisa kwemazwi kunowedzera mukana wekuwana huchava nemigumisiro.'
Saka ndezvipi matanho aungatora kuti udzivise zvakaipa zvinokonzerwa nokukwegura?
Maererano nemakore gumi-kudzidza kwenguva refu, kuva nepfungwa yakasimba yekuzvigadzirisa kwave kwakabatanidzwa nekuchengetedza maitiro akanaka ekuyeuka munguva yekwegura. Kuzvidavirira kunoreva mupfungwa yekutonga iyo vanhu vane hupenyu hwavo nehupenyu hwavo. Iyi pfungwa yakasimba yekuzvibata nayo yakave yakabatanidzwa kuderedza kuderedzwa kwemazinga. Sezvambotaurwa kare, kukwirira kwakanyanya kwekusingaperi kushungurudzika kwave kwakabatana nekudengenyeka kwezviyeuchidzo zvehuropi.
Kunyange zvazvo pasina "kurumidza kugadzirisa" kuti uone kuti pfungwa yako inoramba yakasimba sezvaunokura, vatsvakurudzi vanotenda kuti kudzivisa kushungurudzika, kutungamirira mararamiro anoshanda, nekugara mupfungwa mupfungwa ndiyo nzira dzinokosha dzekuderedza dambudziko rako rekurangarira kurasika.
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