Kwenyanzvi huzhinji , iyo inozivikanwa seg factor, inoreva kuvapo kwesimba rakakura repfungwa rinokurudzira kushanda kwekugona mano ekuziva. Charles Spearman akatanga kurondedzera kuvapo kweunyanzvi hukuru muna 1904. Maererano na Spearman, iyi g factor ndiyo yakakonzera kushanda kwese pakuongorora kwepfungwa. Spearman akati kunyange zvazvo vanhu vaigona uye vaiwanzoita zvakanaka kune dzimwe nzvimbo, vanhu vakaita zvakanaka munharaunda imwe vaidawo kuita zvakanaka kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Semuenzaniso, munhu anoita zvakanaka nekutaura kwemashoko angangodaro aite zvakanaka kune dzimwe mimwe miedzo.
Avo vanobvuma maonero aya vanodavira kuti huchenjeri hunokwanisa kuyerwa nekuratidzwa nenhamba imwe chete, yakadai seji yeIQ .Chirangariro ndechokuti izvi zvinowanikwa huchenjeri hunoita kuti tive nemafungiro ose ekufungisisa.
Uchenjeri huzhinji hunogona kuenzaniswa nevemitambo. Munhu angave ari mumhanyi ane unyanzvi, asi izvi hazvirevi kuti zvichavewo zvakanakisa se skater. Zvisinei, nokuti munhu uyu ari mutambo uye akakodzera, vangangoita zviri nani pane mamwe mabasa epanyama kunze kweiye munhu asinganyanyi kurongedzerwa uye anogara ari oga.
Spearman uye General Intelligence
Charles Spearman aiva mumwe wevatsvakurudzi vakabatsira kukura nzira yekuverengera inozivikanwa sekuti factor analysis. Chikonzero chekutsvaga chinobvumira vanotsvakurudza kune zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuedza izvo zvinokwanisa kuyananisa mano anowanzozivikanwa.
Semuenzaniso, vatsvakurudzi vangaona kuti vanhu vanoronga zvakanaka pamibvunzo inoshandisa mazwi vanoitawo zviri nani pamibvunzo ine chokuita nekuverenga kunzwisisa.
Spearman aidavira kuti huchenjeri huzhinji hunomiririra huchenjeri hunoenderana nehutano hwepfungwa. Zvose mabasa ekuongorora kweunyanzvi, angave akabatana nemashoko kana masvomhu, akashongedzwa neiyo g-factor.
Miedzo yakawanda yemazuva ano yekuongorora, kusanganisira Stanford-Binet, inotarisa zvimwe zvekufungidzira izvo zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvive nouchenjeri huzhinji. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuona-nzvimbo yekugadzirisa, kugadzirisa kwemazwi, ruzivo, kufunga kwemvura, uye kushanda chiyeuchidzo.
- Kutarisa-kugadzirwa kwepakati kunosanganisira mano akadaro sekuisa pamwe puzzles nekutevedzera maitiro akaoma.
- Kuongororwa kwepfungwa kunosanganisira kukwanisa kugadzirisa zvinetso zvinosanganisira nhamba.
- Zivo inosanganisira kunzwisisa kwevanhu pane nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana.
- Kufungisisa kwakasvibisa kunosanganisira kukwanisa kufunga nenzira yakajeka uye kugadzirisa zvinetso.
- Kushanda nekuyeuka kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwenguva pfupi yekuyeuka sekukwanisa kudzokorora urongwa hwezvinhu.
Zvinetso kuMutemo weGeneral Intelligence
Pfungwa yokuti huchenjeri hunogona kuyerwa nekupfupiswa nenhamba imwe chete pane imwe yeIQ test yaiva yakakavhiringidza panguva yaStorman uye yakasara kwemakumi emakore kubva ipapo. Vamwe vezvepfungwa, kusanganisira LL Thurstone, vakapikisa pfungwa ye g-factor. Thurstone panzvimbo pacho akacherechedza huwandu hwezvaaireva se "pfungwa huru dzepfungwa."
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, vanodzidza nezvepfungwa vanoita saWoward Gardner vakapikisa pfungwa yokuti mumwe munhu ane njere hune simba anogona kunyatsoita kuti munhu awane mano ekufunga.
Gardner panzvimbo yakaronga kuti mazano akasiyana-siyana akasiyana . Uchenjeri humwe humwe hunomiririra unyanzvi mune imwe nzvimbo iyo yakafanana nekuona-nzvimbo yekuchenjera, ruzivo-ruzivo rwemitauro, uye ruzivo-ruzivo rwemasvomhu.
Kutsvakurudza nhasi kunotaura kune unyanzvi hwepfungwa hunobatsira pakuita mabasa akawanda ekufungisisa. IQ zvikoro, izvo zvakagadzirirwa kuenzana nouchenjeri hukuru, zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinokanganisa kubudirira kwehuwandu hwehupenyu hwehupenyu. Zvisinei, nepo IQ inogona kuita basa mukudzidza uye kubudirira kwehupenyu , zvimwe zviitiko zvakadai sezviitiko zvehucheche, zviitiko zvezvidzidzo, hutano hwehupfumi, hunhu, kukura, uye unhu hunoitawo basa rinokosha pakugadzirisa kubudirira kwehuwandu.
> Sources:
> Coon, D. & Mitterer, JO (2010). Nhanganyaya kune Psychology: Mapindiro Epfungwa uye Maitiro Aine Zvirongwa Mepu. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
> Gottfredson, LS (1998). The General Intelligence Factor. Scientific American.
> Myers, DG (2004). Psychology, Seventh Edition. New York: Worth Worth Publishers.
> Terman. LM, & Oden, MH (1959.) Genetic Studies of Genius. Vol. V. Zvakapiwa Pakati Pakati-Hupenyu: Makumi makumi matatu nemashanu Anotevera Chirongwa cheMukuru Mukuru. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.