Kuongororwa Kwakagadzirirwa Kubva Mhando, Nzira, uye Nguva Yakaoma Zvinetso
Kucherechedza-kukanganiswa kwehutano hwehutano (ADHD) ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu ekuti vanhu vanokurukurirana zvakawanda mazuva ano, kazhinji vachirondedzera izwi iri nyore kune vanhu vanoita sevasingazivikanwi vasinganzwisisiki, "vasina kunaka," kana vakapararira.
Asi, sechiremba, hazvirevi nyore nyore. Vabereki vanowanzotamburira kusiyanisa pakati pezvinhu zvingafunga kuti "zvakajairika" kurambidza uye kusatarisira uye kunyatsokwanisa kugara pasi uye kuisa pfungwa. Kunyange vanachiremba vasati vakadzidziswa vanogona kuva nechinetso neicho chakapiwa kuti hapana chiyero chimwe chete chinogona kuongororodza ADHD kana zvimwe zvinetso zvekuita kana kudzidzira.
Pakupedzisira, kuti vaite zvakasiyana, vanachiremba vacharamba vachishandisa chinyorwa chezviratidzo zviratidzo kuti vaone kana mwana akasangana nemirairo yeDHD sezvinotsanangurwa muAmerican Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic uye Statistical Manual ye Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) .
Kusiyanisa Mhando dzeDHD
Zviratidzo zveHADH zvinowanzobatanidzwa mumapoka maviri makuru: kusakosha (kusakwanisa kuramba uchiisa pfungwa) uye kusagadzikana-kusagadzikana (mafungiro asina kufanira anowedzera uye anokanganisa). Kugadzirisa kweDHD kunonyanya kushandiswa pakuziva kuti maitiro anokodzera here kana asina kukodzera kumakore ekukura kwevana.
Izvo huwandu hwezviratidzo zvinogona kusiyana kubva kumwana kusvika kumwana uye zvinotungamirira kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuongororwa zvakarongeka zvakajeka sezvinotevera:
- Izvo zvisingatauri zvakasiyana-siyana ADHD inotsanangura mwana anenge ane dambudziko kuterera asi haasi kushaya simba kana kuti kusagadzikana.
- Izvo zvinonyanya kushaya simba-zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hweAdHD hunotsanangurwa sekunyanyisa kusagadzikana, kutsamwa, uye kutadza kunze kwechimiro kusava nehanya.
- Chibatanidzwa cheAADH chine maitiro ezvose.
Tarisiro yeInattention Zviratidzo
Maererano neDSM-5, kutadza kunogona kuonekwa kana pane zviratidzo zvitanhatu kana kupfuura zvezviratidzo zvevana kusvika pamakore gumi nematanhatu kana mashanu kana kupfuura zvezvirwere zvevechiri kuyaruka 17 nepamakore, sezvinotevera:
- Kazhinji hakundikwanisi kunyatsoteerera kana kuisa zvikanganiso zvisina basa pamabasa echikoro kana mamwe mabasa
- Kazhinji kacho kune dambudziko rakabata kutarisira pamabasa kana kutamba mabasa
- Kazhinji hazviiti sekunzwa kana zvataurwa zvakananga
- Kazhinji hazvifambi kuburikidza nemirairo kana kukundikana kupedzisa basa rechikoro kana mabasa epamba
- Kazhinji kune dambudziko rinoronga mabasa uye mabasa
- Kazhinji vanodzivisa, vasingadi, kana kuti havadi kuita mabasa anoda kushanda kwepfungwa kwenguva yakareba
- Kazhinji vanorasikirwa nezvinhu zvinodiwa kuti vapedze mabasa kana mabasa
- Inoshandiswa nyore nyore
- Inowanzokanganwa mumabasa ezuva nezuva.
Tarisiro yeHyperactivity Symptoms
Maererano neDSM-5, kusaziva uye kusagadzikana kunogona kuongororwa kana pane zviratidzo zvitanhatu kana kupfuura zvevana kusvikira pazera remakore gumi nematanhatu kana mashanu kana kupfuura kwezvirwere zvevechiri kuyaruka 17 nepamakore, sezvinotevera:
- Kazhinji fidgets nemaoko kana netsoka kana kunomira apo paanogara
- Kazhinji anosiya chigaro chake pasinei nekuudzwa kuti anogara
- Kazhinji rinomhanya kana kukwira mumamiriro ezvinhu apo zvisina kukodzera
- Kazhinji haigoni kutamba kana kutora chikamu mumabasa ekuvaraidza zvinyararire
- Inowanzo "pamba" sekuti unnaturally inotungamirirwa
- Kazhinji anotaura zvakanyanya
- Kakawanda kunopindura mhinduro musati wapedza mubvunzo
- Kazhinji anonetseka kumirira nguva yake
- Kakawanda kunokanganisa kana kukanganisa pane zvimwe zvekukurukura kana mabasa
Kuzadza Kuziva
Kuti ADHD ive yakanyatsosimbiswa kuongororwa, zviratidzo zvinosangana nezviratidzo zvina zvinotsanangurwa mu DSM-5:
- Izvo zvisingatauriki kana kuti zvisina kumira-zviratidzo zvinopesvedzera zvinofanira kunge zvakange zviripo vasati vava nemakore gumi nemaviri.
- Zviratidzo zvinofanirwa kunge zviripo mukati maviri kana kupfuura, zvakadai semusha, neshamwari, kana kuchikoro.
- Zviratidzo zvinofanira kupindira kana kuderedza kunaka kwekwaniso komwana kushanda pachikoro, mumagariro evanhu, kana pakuita mabasa ezuva nezuva, mabasa ezuva nezuva
- Zviratidzo hazvigone kutsanangurwa chero humwe hutano hwepfungwa (sehutano hwepfungwa ) kana kuitika sechikamu che schizophrenic kana psychotic episode .
> Kwakabva:
> American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.