Sei DSM yakarongwa muna 2013?
Kwemazana makumi emakore, vanachiremba vepfungwa uye vezvepfungwa vakatsigira paKutsvaga uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders kuve nechokwadi kuti vari kutevera nzira dzakanaka uye huchapupu-hwakakosha hunogadziriswa nehutano hwepfungwa, kusanganisira kushandiswa kwemishonga yekushandisa. Ive yakatora nguva refu ichionekwa segoridhe yegoridhe yekutsanangura zvinorehwa nehutano hwehutano hwepfungwa.
Zvinokonzerwa nezvinetso zvekushandisa zvinhu zvakashanduka zvikuru kubva ku DSM-IV kusvika DSM 5.
Zviratidzo zve DSM-IV zvekushandisa kwezvinodhaka
DSM 5 zvinokonzerwa nezvinetso zvekushandisa zvinodhaka
Kunyange zvazvo shanduro imwe neimwe yebhuku iri yakaratidza ruzivo rwakanakisisa yenguva, yakamboshanduka nguva yakareba, inogona kuonekwa seyeveve zvakanakisisa, uye inonyanya kuipa. Tora muenzaniso we ungochani, semuenzaniso. Mu DSM-III, yakaonekwa sehosha yepfungwa. Mazuva ano, kubatanidza ungochani sechinhu chinorondedzerwa nehutano hwepfungwa kunoonekwa sechinhu chinonyanya kukosha munhoroondo yekudzvinyirirwa kwevakadzi vashoma .
Sezvo nekuratidzira kufunga kwezuva racho, DSM inovandudzwa kuti isafungidzire kusvika kushanduro tsvakurudzo munharaunda yepfungwa, masayendisiti, neuroscience, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakabatana dzeunyanzvi. Iyi tsvakurudzo inodzokororwa, inotsoropodzwa, inongororwa uye inofungidzirwa nemafungiro akakwirira mumunda, uyo pakupedzisira anouya kubvumirana pamusoro pezvinofanirwa uye zvisina kufanirwa kuiswa muDMM, uye nzira yekutarisa imwe neimwe.
DSM-5 inomiririra chiratidzo muhutano hwehutano hwepfungwa, pakuti ndiyo nguva yokutanga iyo maonero evanhu ave achifungidzirwa mukusimbisa dhigirii yeDSM-5. Izvi zvaingova nyore chete kuburikidza neIndaneti, uye kushamisa kunoshamisa kwekusvika kune vanhu vangazombobvunzurudzwa.
Kuchinja kubva kuDMM-IV kusvika kuDMM-5 Zviratidzo zvekuona nezvekushandisa kwezvinhu
Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo dzakawanda dzehutano hwepfungwa dzisina kuchinja zvakanyanya kubva ku DSM-IV kusvika DSM-5 , kuchinja kune nzira yekuongororwa kwezvinetso zvekushandisa kwezvinhu zvinokosha.
Imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kukosha iyo nzira yakashandurwa ndiyo mutauro unoshandiswa kuratidzira kushandiswa kwemishonga, izvo zvakashandurwa kubva pakushandisa mashoko okuti "kushungurudzwa" uye "kuvimba" kushandisa izwi rokuti "kushandiswa." Sei nyaya iyi?
Ngatitange nebasa rekubiridzira. Izwi rinosanganiswa nechisimba, kushungurudzwa, nekukuvadza, uye rinowanzobatanidzwa nekushungurudzwa kwepanyama kana kurwisana, kushungurudzika mupfungwa, uye kazhinji kacho, nekushungurudzwa kwepabonde. Kutaura zvazviri, shorthand "kushungurudzwa kwevana" inowanzoshandiswa uye inonzwisiswa kureva kushungurudzwa kwepabonde kwevana. Saka izvi zvingabatana sei nekushandisa zvinhu? Chinhu hachigoni kushandiswa zvisina kunaka, nokuti sechinhu chisina upenyu, hachigoni kukuvara. Saka "kushandiswa" mune izwi rokuti "kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka," iro raive ruzivo rwekutsvaga muDMM-IV, rinoreva kushandiswa kwemishonga sechimiro chekushungurudza, nechokuita senzira dzekushandisa zvisina kunaka. Asi chinangwa chevashandi vezvinhu zvinokonzera ivo kukuvadza here? Zvichida kwete.
Ichokwadi, kune vanhu vazhinji, zvakasiyana ndezvechokwadi.
Kana vakabvunzwa kuti nei vachishandisa zvinhu, vanopa zvikonzero zvakadai sekuvabatsira kuti vawirirane kana kuti vabatane nevamwe, vachizvipa ivo, vane ruzivo rwakanaka, uye vachivabatsira kuti vazorore.
Zvino pane izwi, kuvimba. Izvi zvinovakirwa pane zvino maonero ekunyanya kushandiswa kwe "kushungurudzwa" kusingabatsiri varanda varanda vavo, uye havakwanise kushanda vasina kushandisa zvinodhaka kana kuwedzera maitiro. Maonero aya akakurumbira iye zvino anozivikanwa kuti haana kururama, uye akaita kuti vakawanda vanyadziswe uye vashungurudzike kune vanhu vane zvinetso zvekushandisa zvinhu.
Mutauro wekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakakwana, uye kuderera kuderera kune vanhu vane dambudziko rekushandisa kushandiswa kwezvinhu, uye rinomirira kuchinja kunokosha mukufunga nezvekudhakwa.
Sources
American Psychiatric Association. Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders, Text Revision, Nhamba yechina, American Psychiatric Association. 2000.
American Psychiatric Association. Kuongororwa uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association. 2013.