NdiHedheni Dzinoberekwa kana Rakaitwa?
Magamba anobata mwoyo yedu, achishambidza tichiyemura, uye anoita kuti tifunge zvakare maonero edu enyika. Tongotarisa mafirimu e-superhero mazuva ano uye iwe unogona kuona kuti boka redu rinokoshesa sei uye vanoda magamba. Chii chinoita kuti vamwe vanhu vatore zviito zvekurwisa munguva yekutambudzika kukuru?
Mienzaniso yeHurism
Apo iwe unofunga nezvehushingi, mienzaniso mishoma yapfuura iyo yaiva mumashoko ingangotanga kufunga.
Mushure mokutambudzika kwakaitika muAlorora, Colorado, munguva yezhizha ra2012, vakadzi vatatu vakapukunyuka kupopotora vakaratidza kuti vakanga vaponeswa nevanasikana vavo. Varume vatatu vakanga vadzivirira vasikana vavo nemitumbi yavo uye vakafa semugumisiro. Mune imwe nguva kupururudza kwegore ra2011 pane temberi yeSikh, mumwe murume akafa achiedza kushandura zvombo zvechikwata asi mumwe akatambura zvakakomba sezvaakaedza kubatsira.
Musi waJanuary 2, 2007, vanenge 75 vanhu vakamirira pane imwe nzvimbo yakabatikana yechiteshi chemasitadhireji vakatarisa sezvo jaya rakabatwa nekubvuta ndokubva rawira kubva padhipurisa kuenda kunzira dzepasi. Vakatarisa vakatarisa vachitya asi havana chavakaita, asi murume anonzi Wesley Autrey akatora chiito. Achipa vanasikana vake vaviri vaduku kumunhu asingazivi, anokwakukira kumigwagwa achitarisira kuva nenguva yekukwevera murume wacho kubva munzira yechitima chinouya. Apo Autrey akaziva kuti pakanga pasina nguva yekufambisa mumwe murume, iye panzvimbo pacho akamubata pasi pakati pemakwara sezvo chitima chakapfuura pamusoro pavo.
"Handisi kunzwa sokuti ndakaita chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa, ndangoona mumwe munhu aida rubatsiro." Ndakaita izvo zvandaifunga kuti zvakanaka, "Autrey akaudza I New York Times mushure mekuitika kwechiitiko ichi.
Kutsanangura Herodia
"Kutenda kwechokwadi kwakanaka kunoshamisa, kusinganyengeri. Haisi chido chokupfuura vamwe vose pane chero mari ipi zvayo, asi chido chekushandira vamwe chero zvakashata." - Arthur Ashe, mutevedzeri wetennis player
Ushingi chinhu chinonyanya kukoshesa kumarudzi ose, asi isu tinotsanangura sei hero? Ndeipi iyo inoita kuti vamwe vanhu vatore chiito chekurwisa? Nepo vatsvakurudzi vanoziva zvakawanda pamusoro pezvinoita kuti vanhu vaite zviito zvinorondedzerwa sevakaipa, kunzwisisa kwedu kwezvinoita kuti vanhu vane masimba vasave zvakanyatsojeka uye tsanangudzo dzechigamba zvingave zvakasiyana nemunhu kune mumwe munhu.
Maererano neHericic Imagination Project (HIP), sangano risina purogiramu rinotarisa pakudzidzisa vanhu kuti vave masimba muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, hutsinye hunosanganisira maitiro kana chiito kune mumwe munhu kana nekuda kwetsika.
HIP inoratidza izvozvi zvinokosha zveurwere:
- Izvizvi nokuzvidira uye nemaune
- Yakaitwa mubasa revanhu kana zvikwata zvinoshaiwa
- Icho chinosanganisira rudzi rwemari yemunhu pachake kana dambudziko, kana mumuviri, mune zvemagariro, kana maererano nehutano hwehupenyu
- Zvakaitwa pasina chido chokutsiva kana kuwana
Tsanangudzo dzeHerism NeVadzidzisi
Ko mazvikokota zvepfungwa uye vamwe vashanduri vatsvakurudzi vanotsanangura sei ushushi? Pano pane zvishoma zvemazano akawanda akabudiswa nenyanzvi dzakasiyana-siyana:
"Zvichinyatsojeka, saka, kiyi yehushingi ndeyekuda kwevamwe vanhu vari kushaiwa-kunetseka kudzivirira chikonzero chetsika, kuziva kuti kune ngozi yega, yakaitwa pasina kutarisira kwemubairo." -Philip Zimbardo, "Chii Chinogadzira Hero?"
"Takaona kuti zvitendero zvevanhu pamusoro pevarwi zvinowanzoenderana nehutano hwakagadziriswa.Shure kwokusarudza vanhu vazhinji, takaona kuti ma heroes anonzwisisika kuva ane tsika dzakanaka , anokwanisa kwazvo , kana zvose zviri zviviri. zviito, izvo zvatinoti "Great Eight" Izvi zvinoratidza kuti dzakanaka, dzakasimba, dzakasimba, dzisingatauri, dzine hanya, dzinotyisa, dzinotendeseka, uye dzinokurudzira . Hazvisi zvisizvo kuti gamba rive nezvinhu zvese zvisere izvi, asi ma heroes ane vazhinji vavo . " -Scott T. Allison naGeorge R. Goethals, "Tsanangudzo Yedu ye'Hero '"
"... hazvioneki seine rimwe chete rinotsanangura chimiro chinoparadzanisa ma heroes uye maitiro ane heroic." Magamba ane pfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana, uye hapana miganhu yakaoma iripo mune zvehutano huno. nepamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwechikwata chevanhu nhengo (Fiske & Taylor, 2008; Hepper et al., 2012). Zviratidzo zvakanyanya zvemasimba, zvinowanikwa mukutsvakurudza kwedu, kushingaira, kutendeseka kwetsika, ushingi, kuchengetedza, kutendeseka, kutendeseka, kuzvipira, kusazvipira, kutsunga, kuponesa, kukurudzira, uye kubatsira. " -Elaine L. Kinsella, Timothy D. Ritchie, naEric R. Igou, "Zeroing in pa Heroes: Chirongwa Chekuongorora zveHero Features"
Mamwe matsanangudzo anowanzoputsa ushu hweshure pasi nemhando kana madigiri ehupenyu hwekuzvipira uye kuzvipira kunobatanidzwa. Zvimwe zvinosanganisira zviito zvikuru zvakadai sekuisa pangozi hupenyu hwehupenyu kuitira kuchengetedza mumwe munhu, nepo mamwe madiki, zuva rimwe nerimwe maitiro akarongwa kubatsira mumwe munhu ari kushaiwa.
Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Frank Farley anoita musiyano pakati pezvaanodana "hukuru H" ushingi uye "udiki hwesimba." Huru H hutsinye hunosanganisira ngozi yakawanda yakadai sekukuvaraidza, kuenda kujeri, kana kunyange rufu. Dukuduku h shumba, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakawanda isu tinoita zuva rimwe nerimwe; kubatsira mumwe munhu, kuva nomutsa, uye kusimudzira kururamisira. Zvinhu izvi hazviwanzobatanidza ngozi pachedu.
Chikonzero nei vanhu vachiratidza uhero
Saka zvino zvatinoziva zvishoma pamusoro pehutsinye hunhu, mubvunzo unotsvaga kuti nei vanhu vachiita masimba? Pane humwe hunhu hwehushingi hwakaratidzwa nevanhu ava? Farley inoratidza kuti pane zvinhu zviviri zvinokosha pasi pezviito zvakakura zvehushingi zvinosanganisira njodzi yekuzvikuvadza: kuipa-kutora tsika uye rupo. Vanhu vanoisa upenyu hwavo pangozi mubasa reumwe kune zvakangoita zvakanyanya kutora njodzi huru uye vanewo tsitsi huru, mutsa, tsitsi, uye kusada .
Vatsvakurudzi vave vachiziva kwenguva refu kuti vanhu vose nemhuka zvinowanzobatsira avo avo vaine chimiro chekuberekwa, chirevo chinozivikanwa sekunakidzwa. Nokubatsira avo vanogovana mazamu edu, tinobatsira kuve nechokwadi kuti mikana iyoyo ichaendeswa kumarudzi anotevera. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, tinobatsira vamwe nekutarisira kuti rimwe zuva vangatibatsira mukudzoka, chirevo chinonzi sekudzokorora altruism.
Asi zvakadini nemhando dzoutsinye dzisingatauri kubatsira hama kana kutarisira imwe mhando yekubhadhara? Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, maitiro, tsika, uye unhu hunosiyana zvinogona kuita basa rinokosha. Mushure mekunge vanhu vatora zviito zvechigamba, vanowanzotaura kuti havazvioni ivo sevarwi, kuti ivo vari kungoita izvo chero munhu ari mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro angadai akaita. Mukutarisana nehupenyu huripo nekufa mamiriro ezvinhu, simba nekukurumidza kwemamiriro ezvinhu zvinogona kukurudzira vamwe vanhu kutora matanho.
Unhu Hungaita Kuti Huve Uhu Hero
Aya maitiro ehumwechete anovhiringidza vamwe kune zvigamba zvemasimba anogona chaizvo kudzivisa vamwe kubatsira. Apo dambudziko rinomuka pamberi pevanhu vazhinji, isu kazhinji tinowira mumusungo wekusaita nekufungidzira kuti mumwe munhu achapa rubatsiro, chimwe chinhu chinozivikanwa sechimiro chechimiro . Nokuti basa rega rega rinoparadzaniswa nekuvapo kwevamwe, tinotenda kuti mumwe munhu achabata basa regamba.
Vamwe vanhu vangavewo vane unhu hunoita kuti vazviite kuti vazviite nenzira dzisinganzwisisiki. Vatsvakurudzi vakaratidza kuti vaya vane pfungwa inotungamirirwa kuti vaite zvakavimbika uye netsika mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma vanowanzoita nekukurumidza uye vasingazivi kana njodzi ichiitika.
Zvisikwa vs. Kurudzirwa
Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinotsvakurudzwa nevatsvakurudzi zvinosvika kune mhirizhonga yekare-kare pamusoro pemasikirwo maererano nekurera . Iro heroism chimwe chinhu chatinoberekwa nacho, kana heroin chimwe chinhu chinogona kudzidzwa? Izvo zvinobva pane nyanzvi ipi yaunobvunza, asi heino maonero anofanirwa kufungisisa:
"Vamwe vanhu vanopesana nevanhu vanozvarwa vakanaka kana vakazvarwa vakaipa; ndinofunga kuti hazvina maturo," anotsanangura kudaro Philip Zimbardo . "Isu tose takaberekerwa tine simba guru rekuva chinhu, uye tinoumbwa nemamiriro edu-nemhuri kana tsika kana nguva iyo yatinoitika kukura, iyo ingozi dzekuberekwa; nzvimbo yehondo inopesana nerunyararo, kana isu tichikura muurombo panzvimbo yekubudirira ... Saka mumwe nomumwe wedu angave ane simba rekuita zvinhu zvinotyisa asi isu tinewo gamba remukati, kana tichikurudzirwa kuita chiito, iyo hero mukati yekuitira vamwe zvakanaka. "
> Sources:
> Allison ST, Goethals GR. Tsanangudzo Yedu ye "Hero." Yakabudiswa naOctober 15, 2015.
> Buckley C. Man Anoponeswa neChirangaridzo paTyway Tracks. The New York Times. Yakabudiswa naJanuary 3, 2007.
> Farley, F. Ma Hero Hero chaiwo e "Dark Knight." PsychologyToday.com. Yakabudiswa musi waJuly 27, 2012.
> Kinsella EL, Ritchie TD, Igou ER. Zeroing in on Heroes: A Prototype Analysis of Hero Features. Zvinyorwa zveMunhu uye Social Psychology. 2015; 108 (1): 114-127.
> Heroic Imagination Project. Nezvedu .
> Zimbardo P. Chii Chinogadzira Hero? Greater Good Magazine. Greater Good Science Center kuUC Berkeley. Yakabudiswa naJanuary 18, 2011.