Kutaura kwakanaka kusinganzwisisiki izwi rinoshandiswa nenyanzvi yezvepfungwa dzevanhu Carl Rogers kutsanangura nzira inoshandiswa mukusava kwake murairo, mushandisi-unyanzvi hwehutano .
Izvi zvinoshanda sei? Maererano naRogers, kutadza kusingabatsiri kunosanganisira kuratidza kutsigira kwakakwana uye kugamuchirwa kwemunhu pasinei nokuti munhu uyu anoti chii kana anoita.Achiremba anogamuchira uye anotsigira mutengi, pasinei zvavanotaura kana kuita, vasingatauri mamiriro ekugamuchirwa uku.
Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti chiremba anobatsira muteereri, pasinei nokuti vari kuratidza "zvakanaka" maitiro uye manzwiro kana "akaipa".
Kunyatsoongorora Zvakanaka Zvisingatarisirwi
"Zvinoreva kutarisira muchengeti, asi kwete nenzira inofadza kana nenzira yakadai sokungogutsa zvinodiwa nemudzidzisi," yakatsanangurwa muna Rogers munyaya ya1956 yakabudiswa mu Journal of Consulting Psychology. "Zvinoreva kutarisira mutengi semunhu akasiyana, nemvumo yekuva nemanzwiro ake, zvaanoona."
Rogers aifunga kuti zvakanga zvakakosha kuti vanachiremba varatidze kuti havana hanya nemafungiro avo. Akaratidza zvakare kuti avo vasina rudzi urwu rwekugamuchirika kubva kuvanhu muhupenyu hwavo vanogona kuzopedzisira vava nekutenda zvakaipa pamusoro pavo pachavo.
"Vanhu vanosimudzirawo kukura kwedu kuburikidza nekugamuchira - nekupa kwatiri izvo Rogers vakadana nezvenyaya dzisina kunaka," anotsanangura kudaro David G.
Meyers mubhuku rake rinonzi Psychology: Eighth Edition muModules . "Iyi ndiyo mafungiro enyasha, maitiro anotikoshesa kunyange kuziva marwadzo edu.Kuzorodzwa kwakadzama kudonhedzera maitiro edu, kuvhura manzwiro edu akaipa, uye kuziva kuti isu tichiri kugamuchirwa.Mukaroorana wakanaka, mhuri yepedyo, kana ushamwari hwepedyo, isu takasununguka kuti tive nekuzvipira pasina kutya kwe kurasikirwa kwevamwe kukudzwa. "
Zvisinganzwisisiki Positive Zvakaitwa uye Kuzvimirira
Rogers aidavira kuti vanhu vane chido chekuzviona uye kuzvikudza kune vamwe vanhu. Vanhu vanofunga sei ivo pachavo uye kuti vanokoshesa sei ivo vanoita basa guru mukugara zvakanaka.
Vanhu vane pfungwa yakasimba yekuzvimirira vanovawo vane chivimbo uye vanokurudzirwa kutevera zvinangwa zvavo uye kushanda kune vanozvigadzirisa ivo nokuti vanodavira kuti vanogona kuita zvinangwa zvavo.
Mumakore aya ekutanga, vana vanodzidza kuti vanodiwa uye vanogamuchirwa nevabereki vavo uye dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri. Izvi zvinoita kuti uve nemanzwiro ekuvimba uye kuzviremekedza. Kunyatsoona zvakanaka kubva kune vakatarisira panguva yemakore ekutanga ehupenyu kunogona kubatsira kupa manzwiro ekuzviremekedza apo vanhu vanokura.
Sezvo vanhu vachikwegura, kuremekedzwa kwevamwe kunowedzera zvakawanda mukuumba munhu kuzvimiririra.
Rogers aidavira kuti kana vanhu vaine hutano hwakanaka, apo kugamuchirwa kunongobatsira chete pane zvaanoita, kusagadzikana kunogona kuitika. Incongruence inoitika apo chiratidzo chevanhu chavo chakanaka chiri kunze kwechitsika nezvavanoona muupenyu chaihwo-hupenyu.
Vanhu vakagungano vachava nezvakawanda zvakawanda pakati pezvavanozviona uye maonero avo ezvakanaka zvavo.
Munhu asingafungi achawana zvishoma zvishoma pakati pomuviri wake uye kuzviratidza.
Rogerswo aifunga kuti kugamuchira zvisingabvumirwi zvakanaka zvingabatsira vanhu kuti vauyezve pamwe chete. Nokupa maonero asina kunaka kune vateereri vavo, Rogers vaidavira kuti vanachiremba vanogona kubatsira vanhu kuti vawedzere kufara uye kuti vaite zviri nani mupfungwa dzakanaka.
Kuisa Mafungiro Asingaiti Maererano Nezvokuita
Zvinonyatsokwanisika here kuti vanachiremba vape zvinoremekedzwa zvakanaka kune umwe neumwe mutengi? Vakawanda vanoratidza kuti mhinduro yacho kwete. Zvisinei, saJohn naRita Sommers-Flanagan vanocherechedza, zvinokwanisika kuti vanachiremba vaedze kunzwa manzwiro akadaro kune vatengi vavo.
Vanocherechedzawo kuti kugamuchirwa kwakadaro hakuiti kubvumidza kana kubvumirwa kwezviito zvose. Natalie Rogers, mwanasikana waCar Rogers, akazotsanangura kuti baba vake vaitenda kuti kunyange zvazvo dzimwe pfungwa nemanzwiro zvakanaka, hazviiti zvose zvinogamuchirwa zvinogamuchirwa.
Kunyange zvazvo kusarangarira kusingaverengeki kwakakona ibwe rekona yevashandi-rakagadzirirwa kurapwa, hazvisi nyore nguva dzose kushandisa. Chimbofungidzira mamiriro ezvinhu umo mushonga ari kushanda nemunhu anenge aita zvepabonde. Mubhuku ravo re Counselling and Psychotherapy Theories muChetext and Practice , Sommers-Flanagan anopa mazano kuvashandi vanosangana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvakadaro. Panzvimbo pokuisa pfungwa pazviito ivo pachavo, vanyori vanokurudzira kutsvaga zvakanaka pamusoro pekutambura uye kutya kwekuti mafambiro akadaro angamirira.
"Rogers akatenda zvakasimba kuti munhu wese akaberekwa ane mukana wokukudziridza nenzira dzakanaka, rudo," vanotaura. "Paunenge uchiita munhu-inorapwa, unova mukana wavo unotevera, zvichida mukana wavo wekupedzisira, kugamuchirwa, kunzwisiswa, uye kugamuchirwa.Kubvuma kwako kunogona kuumba mamiriro ezvinhu anodiwa kuchinja."
> Sources:
> Cooper, M, O'Hara, M, Schmid, PF, & Bohart, AC. The Handbook of Person-Centered Psychotherapy & Counseling. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; 2013.
> Sommers-Flanagan, J, Sommers-Flanagan, R. Kupikisa uye Psychotherapy Mafungiro muChetekedzo nekudzidzira: Unyanzvi, Mazano, uye Nzira. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2012.