Tsanangudzo, Kuziva, uye Kururamisa
Mixed personality disorder inoreva rudzi rwehutano hwehutano husingawiri mumatambudziko gumi anozivikanwa nemunhu. Zvinokwanisika kuti vanhu vave nezviratidzo kana zviratidzo zvehuwandu hwehutano hwehutano panguva imwe chete, asi vasingasviki mitemo yemumwe wavo mumwe wavo. Mu DSM-IV, izvi zvakatumidzwa se "Manhutano Matambudziko Pasina Zvimwe Zvichinyatsojekeswa (NOS).
Izvi zvakashandurwa muDMM-5 nehutano hwehutano-hutano hwakatsanangurwa (PD-TS). uye maitiro akanyorwa kunze.
PD-TS haisi chikamu chinoshamisa sezvo kune zvakakosha kuwirirana pakati pezviratidzo zvezviverengera zvehutano hweunhu. Kunyangwe tisinganzwisisi zvose zvinokonzera kushungurudzwa kwehutano, kune zvikonzero pamwe chete izvo zvinogona kunge zvakakonzera zvinopfuura chimwe chezvinetso izvi. Sezvo izvi zviri munzira "kubata yose" yevanhu vane zviratidzo zvehutano hwakasiyana-siyana, pane zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana pakati pevanhu vanotakura izvi.
Ndezvipi Zvinetso Zvomunhu?
Vanhu vazhinji vane unhu hwakajeka hunovabvumira kugadzirisa kune mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana, vanhu nezviitiko. Vanhu vane unhu husina kunaka, panzvimbo pacho, vanonamatira munzira dzakanyanyisa dzakasimba dzekutaura kuvanhu uye zviitiko. Aya maonero akaoma angakanganisa maonero avanoita ivo pachavo uye nyika yakavapoteredza, maitiro avanoita, manzwiro avanoita mune zvehukama, uye kuti vanogona sei kudzora mafungiro avo.
Kukanganisa Kwemunhu Kunowanikwa Sei?
Kuti zviwanikwe nehutano hwehutano, munhu mumwechete anofanira kuratidza zviratidzo zvinosangana nehutano hwekuongorora hunosimbiswa muDMM-5, kusanganisira:
- Aya maitiro ehutano anofanira kuva asingagumi uye akapararira, achikanganisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu hwomunhu, kusanganisira hutano hwevanhu, basa, chikoro uye hukama hwepedyo.
- Munhu wacho anofanira kuratidza zviratidzo zvinopinda zviviri kana kupfuura zvezvinhu zvina zvinotevera:
- Thoughts
- Emotions
- Kushanda kwepamberi
- Kudzora kumira
- Muenzaniso wekuzvibata unofanirwa kuva wakasimba kune nguva uye unotanga kusvika unogona kutarirwa kumashure kana uchiri muduku.
- Maitiro aya haagoni kutsanangurwa nemamwe matambudziko epfungwa, kushandisa zvinodhaka kana kurapa.
Kunyange zvazvo DSM-5 yakachengetedza chirongwa che DSM-IV chekuongorora hutano hwevanhu, yakagadzira imwe nzira, iyo inoratidza kuti inogona kuva nzvimbo yekudzidza kwenguva yemberi. Kushandisa iyi nzira yakasiyana, yakasanganiswa, vanachiremba vanoongorora hupenyu uye vanoongorora hutano hwehupenyu huchienderana nekubatanidzwa kwezvinetso zvakananga mukushanda kwevanhu, uyewo maitiro akazara ehutano hwevanhu.
Mhando dzehutano hwevanhu
Unhu hwehutano hunorondedzerwa sechirwere chisingaperi uye chakazara chepfungwa chinokanganisa mafungiro, mafambiro uye kushanda zvakaitwa. Iyo DSM-5 inoziva hutano hwakasiyana hunhu hwemunhu , huri kurongwa mumasumbu matatu:
Cluster A: Odd, Eccentric Disorders
- Paranoid Unhu Unonetseka- Paranoid unhu hwehutano hunoratidzirwa nekutya kusingaperi uye kusavimba kwevamwe vanhu pamwe chete nekutenda kuti vamwe vari kuvanyengera kana kuvashandisa. Zvinowanzoitika kune imwechete kusvika zviviri kubva muzana yevanhu uye inoputira mune dzimwe nzira neschizophrenia.
- Schizoid Unhu Kuora- Schizoid hutano hwehutano hunoratidzwa nekusava nehanya kune vamwe vanhu. Vaya vane chirwere ichi vanowanzonyanya kufarira kugadzira hukama hwepedyo nevamwe vanhu.
- Schizotypal Personality Disorder-Schizotypal person disorder, chiitiko chinosangana nepamusoro peatatu muzana yehuwandu hwevanhu, chinoratidzwa nemafungiro edzidziso uye maitiro. Vanhu vane chirwere vanowanzoita mafungiro emashiripiti, somuenzaniso, vachifunga kuti vanogona kuverenga remangwana. uye vanotambura kubva pakuzvidya mwoyo kwevanhu munharaunda pamwe chete.
Cluster B: Inoshamisa, Emotional, kana Matambudziko Anokanganisa
- Kushungurudzika Kwevanhu - Inofungidzirwa kuti mamiriyoni 7,6 evaAmerica vanotambura nehutano hwehutano hwevanhu , chirwere umo vanhu vanogona kukuvadza vamwe nemaune uye havana hanya nemarwadzo anowanikwa kune ani zvake kunze kweavo. Kusava netsitsi (kusava nehanya kune vamwe) pamwe chete nekusava nemhosva (hana shoma pamusoro pemabasa avo ane utsinye) kazhinji inobatsira kuipa kwekuita.
- Borderline Personality Disorder- Borderline hutano hwehutano hunowanzoita kuti usagadzikana uye hukama hwakasimba nekuda kwehasha nekutsamwira kune vamwe pamwe nekutya kwakadzama kwekuregererwa. Vanhu ava vanowanzotanga kuita zvinhu zvinokuvadza, uye vanogona kubatanidzwa mukuzvibata kwavo pachakukuvadza.
- Histrionic Personality Disorder- Histrionic hupenyu hwehutano hunovhiringidza 1,8 muzana yevanhu uye inosanganisira kusanganiswa kwemazwi asina kufanira pamwe chete nekutsvaga nekutsvaga maitiro. Kuzviuraya kunowanzosawirirana nekuora mwoyo, asi pane nzira yekushandisa vamwe.
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) - Narcissistic hutsinye hwehupenyu hunoratidzirwa nekuzvifunga zvakanyanya, kuwedzererwa kwezvakakosha, uye kusava netsitsi kana kufungira vamwe. Dambudziko racho rinowanzotanga kuonekwa pakutanga kwete mumunhu ane chirwere, asi kuburikidza nekukuvara kwepfungwa kunowanikwa kuvanhu avo vane munhu ane NPD anorondedzera.
Cluster C: Kunetseka kana kutyisa kunotyisa
- Kudzivisa Unhu Hwehunovhiringidzika-Kudzivisa hutano hwehutano hunoonekwa nekunyara kwakanyanya uye kunzwisisika kwekutsoropodza kune vamwe. Inowanzobatanidzwa nemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu ehutano hwepfungwa zvakadai sekusazvidya mwoyo nekushamwaridzana nevanhu.
- Kuzvidzivirira Kwevanhu Kunetseka-Kuzvidzivirira kwehutano hunoonekwa nekutya kukuru uye kusakwanisa kuita zvisarudzo. Ichi chirwere ndicho chakakosha mukudikanwa kwe "vanhu vanofadza" uye zvinogona kuita kuti vanhu vafe nekushaya simba uye kusakwanisa kuita zvisarudzo zvezuva nezuva (pasina ruzivo rwevamwe) zvakakosha kuti zvishande zvakanaka kune kunze kwenyika.
- Kucherechedza-Kumanikidzika Kwemunhu Kunetseka-Inenge 2.5 muzana yevanhu vanotarisirwa kutambura nekunyengedzera kwehutano hwehutano pane imwe nguva muupenyu hwavo. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekutadza kunoshandiswa pane iyo zvakare nekumanikidzirwa. Kuvhiringidzika kazhinji kunotyisa kusinganzwisisi, zvichida kutya kwezvirwere, izvo zvinotarisirwa nekumanikidzwa , zvakadai sekushamba maoko kunosvika apo iyo kukamanikidzwa kunokonzera kusakwanisa kurarama zvakanaka.
Kusiyanisa Kuziva Kuonekwa Kwevanhu Vakavhiringidzika Matambudziko
Pamberi pechiremba anokwanisa kuongorora hutano hwehutano, anofanira kutonga zvimwe zvinetso kana zvirwere zvingave zvichikonzera zviratidzo. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru, asi zvinogona kuva zvakaoma sezvo zviratidzo zvinoratidzira matambudziko ehupenyu zvinowanzofanana nezvimwe zvezvimwe zvirwere uye zvirwere. Kushushikana kwehutano kunowanzobatana nevamwe zvirwere.
Izvozvi zvinogona kuve zvakasiyana-siyana zvinofanirwa kutarisirwa zvisati zvaongororwa munhu ane unhu hwehutano:
- Kudhakwa Kwemishonga
- Kuzvidya Mwoyo Matambudziko
- Kuora mwoyo
- Dissociative Disorders
- Social Phobia
- Post Inoshungurudza Kushungurudzika Kwepfungwa
- Schizophrenia
Kurarama Nekurapa Kwekubatana Kwevanhu Kunetseka
Sezvo zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvekusanganiswa kwehutano hwehutano zvakapararira zvakasiyana-siyana, hapachina imwe nzira yakarapwa inobatsira vanhu vose vane PD-TS. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinowanikwa zvinowanzobatwa sekuti kana munhu akaita zvinotarisirwa zveimwe yehutano hwehupenyu hunotsanangurwa pamusoro apa.
Somuenzaniso, kana munhu akasangana nevamwe, asi kwete zvose zvinotarisirwa ne borderline personality disorder, mishonga ye borderline personality disorder yakadai sepfungwa inokonzerwa. Kazhinji, kurapwa kwehutano hwemunhu kwakaoma, uye kunoda munhu ane chirwere ichi achida zvikuru kutevera kurapwa. Psychotherapy inowanzobudirira kupfuura mishonga.
Sources:
Clark, L., Vanderbleek, E., Shapiro, J. et al. Nyika Itsva Inoshingaira Yehutano Hwomunhu-Tsika Yakanzwisiswa: Migumisiro yeDzidziso Dzokuwedzera pamusoro peKutika, Kupararira, uye Kurwisa. Psychopathology Review . 2015. 2 (1): 52-82.