Chii Chinonzi Chirwere-Chirongwa Chine Utano?

by Kendra Cherry; Yakadzokororwa naSteven Gans, MD

Kutarisisa zvakanyanya kwaCarl Rogers's-centered therapy

Mutevedzeri-arikurapa kurapwa, anozivikanwawo semunhu-centered therapy, iyo isiri nzira yekuraira yekutaura kwakagadzirirwa yakagadzirwa nemunhu wepfungwa dzepfungwa Carl Rogers muma1940 nema1950. Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekuti nzira iyi yakagadziridzwa sei uye kuti chirwere chinotarirwa nevatengi chinoshandiswa sei.

Nhoroondo

Carl Rogers anowanzoonekwa somumwe wevanyori vane masimba epfungwa dzezana remakore rechi20 .

Akanga ari mufungidziri wevanhu uye akatenda kuti vanhu vakanaka chaizvo. Rogers akaratidzawo kuti vanhu vane mafambiro, kana chido chekuzadzisa zvavanogona uye vanova vanhu vakanakisisa zvavanogona kuva.

Rogers pakutanga akatanga kushevedza maitiro ake asingateereri kurapa. Kunyange zvazvo chinangwa chake chakanga chiri chekusaita murairo sezvinobvira, akazoziva kuti vanachiremba vanotungamirira vatengi kunyange munzira dzisiri nyore. Akaona zvakare kuti vatengi vanowanzotarisa kune avo varapi kune rumwe rudzi rwekutungamira kana kutungamirirwa. Pakupedzisira, iyo nzira yakasvika pakuzivikanwa sevechiremba-centered therapy kana munhu-centered therapy. Nhasi, nzira yaRogers yekurapa inowanzotaurwa kune imwe yemazita aya maviri, asi iyo inowanzozivikanwa seyeRergean therapy.

Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti Rogers aiva nemaune mubasa rake rekushandisa mutauro wevatengi kwete pane kurwara . Akatenda kuti murwere uyu anoreva kuti munhu wacho akanga achirwara uye achitsvaka mushonga kubva kune mumwe mushonga.

Nokushandisa izwi iro muteereri pane kudaro, Rogers akasimbisa kukosha kweiye munhu mukutsvaga rubatsiro, kutonga zvavanoda, nekukunda matambudziko avo. Izvi kuzvidzora zvinoshandisa chikamu chinokosha cheklayiti-inorapwa.

Zvakafanana nemafungiro epfungwa inonzi Sigmund Freud , Rogers vakatenda kuti hukama hwekurapa hunogona kutungamirira kumanzwisisiro nekugadzirisa kusingaperi kune vatengi.

Kunyange zvazvo Freud aifunga nezvekupa tsanangudzo yezvaaidavira kuti yakanga isina kukakavadzana kwakatungamirira kune dambudziko revatengi, Rogers aida kuti mushonga wacho anofanira kuramba asingasaruri. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, mushonga haafaniri kutungamirira muteresi, haafaniri kutapudza kutonga pamanzwiro emuteereri, uye haafaniri kupa mazano kana mhinduro. Pane kudaro, muteresi anofanira kunge akaenzana naye mubasa rerapa.

Chinoshanda sei?

Nyanzvi dzezvehutano hwemapfungwa dzinoshandisa nzira iyi dzinoedza kuvaka mamiriro ekurapa anogadziriswa, asingasaruri, uye anonzwira tsitsi . Zvimwe zvezvikamu zvinokosha zveklayiti-zvakanyanya kurapwa ndezvokuti:

Haisi murairo. Vanachiremba vanobvumira vatungamiri kutungamirira hurukuro uye havaedzi kuendesa mutengi mune imwe nzira.
Inotsigira kutendeseka kusingabvumirwi . Vaongorori vanoratidza kugamuchirwa kwakakwana uye kutsigirwa kwevatengi vavo pasina kukanda kutonga.

Maererano naKarl Rogers, mushandi wekambani-aine ruzivo anoda zvinhu zvitatu zvinokosha:

Genuineness

Murapi anofanirwa kugoverana manzwiro ake nokutendeseka. Nokuenzanisa izvi, mutapi anogona kubatsira kudzidzisa mutengi kuti awedzerewo unyanzvi hunokosha.

Unofitional Positive Regard

Murapi anofanira kubvuma muchengeti kuti ndivanaani uye anoratidza kutsigirwa uye kutarisirwa pasinei nokuti muchengeti anotarisana kana kuti anotarisana.

Rogers aidavira kuti vanhu vanowanzova nezvinetso nekuti vanojaira kugamuchira rubatsiro rwemamiriro ezvinhu; kubvuma kunopiwa chete kana munhu wacho achienderana nezvimwe zvinotarisirwa. Nokugadzira mamiriro ekunze ane hanya nemafungiro akanaka, muteresi anonzwa anokwanisa kutaura zvaanofunga manzwiro ake pasina kutya kwekuramba.

Rogers akatsanangura kuti:

"Kutarisana nemafungiro akanaka kunoreva kuti kana chiremba aine mafungiro akanaka, achibvuma kune chero chingave ari muchengeti panguva iyoyo, kufamba kwechiremba kana kuchinja kunowanzove kunosanganisira kushanda kwechiremba kumuteereri kuva nemanzwiro ose ari kuitika panguva iyoyo nguva - kuvhiringidzika, kutsamwa, kutya, kutsamwa, ushingi, rudo, kana kudada ... Murapi anokoshesa mutengi zvachose panzvimbo yepfungwa. "

Netsitsi Understanding

Murapi anofanirwa kuve akajeka, achiita segirazi yemanzwiro evanosangana nemafungiro. Chinangwa cheizvi ndechokubvumira muchengeti kuwana ruzivo rwakanzwisisika rwepfungwa dzavo dzomukati, maonero, uye manzwiro.

Nokuratidza zvinhu izvi zvitatu, vanachiremba vanogona kubatsira vatengi kukura mupfungwa, kuwedzera kuzviziva , uye kuchinja maitiro avo kuburikidza nekutungamira. Mune rudzi urwu rwezvakatipoteredza, mutengi anonzwa akachengetedzeka uye asina rusarudzo. Rogers aidavira kuti rudzi urwu rwemhepo runobvumira vatengi kukudziridza maonero akanaka enyika uye maonero asina kukanganisa mavari.

Kukosha Kwekuzvifunga

Kuzvifunga kunoitawo basa rinokosha munharaunda inobatsira munhu. Rogers akarondedzera mafungiro ezvakanaka segadziriro yakarongeka yekutenda uye pfungwa pamusoro payo. Izvo-pfungwa inoita basa rinokosha pakusarudza kwete chete kuti vanhu vanozviona sei, asiwo maonero avanoona nekubatana nenyika inenge yakapoteredza.

Dzimwe nguva mafungiro ega anoenderana zvakanaka, izvo Rogers anotaura se congruence. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuzvifunga dzimwe nguva hazvishamisi kana kuti hazvisi kuenderana nezvinoitika munyika chaiye. Rogers aidavira kuti vanhu vose vanovhiringidza chokwadi kune imwe nzvimbo, asi kana pfungwa-yega inopesana nechokwadi, kusagadzikana kunogona kuguma. Somuenzaniso, mukomana muduku angazviona semutambo ane simba, pasinei nekuti kunyatsoita kwake mumunda kunoratidza kuti haasi nyanzvi uye anogona kushandisa maitiro akawedzerwa.

Kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwehutano hwevanhu, Rogers aifunga kuti vanhu vanogona kudzidza kugadzirisa pfungwa yavo pachavo kuitira kuti vabudirire hukama uye kunyatsoona maonero avo pachavo uye nyika. Semuenzaniso, fungidzira musikana wechidiki anozviona seasingafariri uye ari murangariro wekukurukurirana pasinei nokuti vamwe vanhu vanomuwana achifadza uye achiita. Nemhaka yekuti maonero ake haafaniri kusangana nechokwadi, angave asina hanya kuzvikudza semugumisiro. Nzira yekutsvaga-inonyanya kutaura inotarisa pakupa kusagadzikana kwemaonero akanaka, kunzwira tsitsi, uye kutsigira kwechokwadi kuitira kubatsira muchengeti kuti asvike maonero akawandisa aanozviita.

Basa muMasikirwo Akakurumbira

Muongorori Bob Newhart akaratidza mumwe mushandisi uyo anoshandiswa mushonga weklayiti-centered on The Bob Newhart Show iyo yakatanga kubva muna 1972 kusvika muna 1978.

Inobatsira Sei?

Tsvakurudzo dzakawanda dzakawanda dzakaratidza kuti hutatu hutsika dzakagadziridzwa naRogers, kutendeseka, kutenderera kusingabvumirwi, nekunyatsonzwisisa, zvose zvinobatsira. Zvisinei, dzimwe dzidzo dzakaratidza kuti zvinhu izvi chete hazvirevi zvakakwana kukurudzira kuchinja kusingaperi kune vatengi.

Chimwe cheongororo yakatarisa kubudirira kwehutano-hutano hwakaratidza kuti nzira iyi yaibatsira kune vanhu vane zvirwere zvepfungwa zvepfungwa dzakadai sekuora mwoyo uye kuzvidya mwoyo, uye zvingatove zvichibatsira kune avo vari kunyanya kuenzanisa kusvika zviratidzo zvakaoma.

_Sources:

_{Cooper, M., Watson, JC, & Hoeldampf, D. (2010).} _{Munhu ane hutano uye ane ruzivo rwekurapa anobata basa: Kuongorora kwekutsvakurudza pamusoro pekupa mazano, psychotherapy uye maitiro akafanana.} _{Ross-on-Wye, UK: PCCS Mabhuku.}

_{Gibbard, I., & Hanley, T. (2008).} _{Kuongorora kwemakore mashanu ekubudirira kwehutano hwehupenyu hwevanhu-huno muitiro wekugadzirisa hutano muhutano hwekutanga.} _{Mazano uye Psychotherapy Research, 8 (4), 215-222.}

_{Rogers, C. (1951).} _{Mutevedzeri-anonzi psychotherapy.} _{Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.}

_{Rogers, C. (1977).} _{Carl Rogers pamusoro pesimba roga: Simba remukati uye rakagadziriswa.} _{New York: Delacorte Press.}

_{Rogers, C. (1980).} _{Nzira yekuve.} _{Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.}

_{Sachse, R., & Elliott, R. (2002).} _{Nzira-kutsvaga kutsvakurudza pamusoro pehutano hwevanhu hunosiyana.} _{Muna David J. Cain & Jules Seeman (Eds.).} _{Humanistic psychotherapies: Handbook yekutsvakurudza uye tsika.} _{Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.}