Constructivism inyanzvi iyo inoita kuti vanhu vanoreva zvinogadzirisa muupenyu hwavo uye zvinowanzovaka zvavari chaivo. Mune dzimwe nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzepfungwa dzinoenda pasi pemaambura e constructivism, mutengi anoonekwa sechinhu chinoshanda mukugadzira nekugadza mararamiro ake. Kuvaka kwekufunga kunopesana nedzimwe mhando dzemazuva ano dzidziso dzinoona chokwadi sezvazvakagadzirirwa uye kuwanikwa nevatengi.
Pane zvinopesana, mu constructivism, chokwadi chiri chinhu chakasikwa.
Constructive Therapies
Kurapa kwakagadzikana kunopa maonero akashandurwa kure nemafungiro ezvakaitika mune zvepfungwa panyaya yezvakaipa nezvomumwe mutengi kubhadhara zvakanyanya simba reumwe munhu. Icho chinotarisirwa uye inopinda kune zvinodiwa nevatengi, zvinangwa, tariro, uye kurota. Kune humwe huno hanya pamusoro pokuti pane munhu anofarira kuenda muupenyu hwavo zvakasiyana nehupenyu hwavo kana hudiki. Muteereri anoonekwa semuongorori wezvokwadi chaiye muumbi.
Mumwe anoita sei chinangwa?
Muchiziviso che constructivist, zvinorehwa hazvirevi hazvo zvakasikwa nemumwe munhu asi mune zvehukama maererano nemumwe. Izvo "zvinokurudzira kushanduka kwezvitsanangudzo zvinotaridzika zvisingaperi kubva pakubatana kwevanhu.Izvi zvinoreva hazvirevi uye hazvikwanise kuva mukati memaonero atingafunga seumwe" pfungwa "," "(Hoffman, 1990).
Chinhu chaicho ndechekugadzirwa kwevanhu. Iyi nyanzvi yakafanana neyo inowanikwa munharaunda yekucheka inonzi interpersonal neurobiology , iyo inoona huzivi hwevanhu sehukama huri nani kupfuura munhu. Mune mamwe mazwi, isu tiri vatiri isu sezvatinoita kune mumwe.
Constructive Therapists
Basa rekuvaka rakagadzirisa muhutano hwepfungwa hakusiyana nechechipiri "chiremba" basa umo mushandi anonzi "kurapa" kana "kubata" murwere.
Kunyange zvazvo chiremba ane unyanzvi uye unyanzvi hunokosha mukufambisa uye kutungamirira zvidzidzo, mushandi anovaka haasi kuonekwa sechinangwa chinyanzvi. Mukuvaka, kune ruzivo rwakajeka rwekutenderera kunoitwa nemunhu wese, vanachiremba vaisanganisira. Chiremba uye mutengi saka vanoonekwa sevatambi vechibvumirano sezvavanoita zvinoreva pamwechete uye vanobatsira muteresi mukugadzira zvaanoita zvakanakisisa sezvavari kuenda pamwe chete.
Muongorori anovaka anoenderera kune kutenda mune chimwe chinhu chavakagadzikana uye anoona basa rake nemutengi sekuvaka pamwe zvinoreva pamwe kuburikidza nekukurukurirana. Murapi uyu anotarisa simba rekwereti, uye haatsvaki kurwara kana kukanganisa, asi zvinowedzera kusimbisa zvinhu. Anonyanya kufunga nezveramangwana uye ose anotarisira uye ane tariro pamusoro pekwanisa kwekwereti kuita shanduko yakanaka.
Ndeapi mamwe maitiro ehupirwo anowira pasi peumburera ye constructivist?
Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) inoratidzira rwechirwere chepfupi chakashandiswa nemhando dzose dzevanhu, mhuri, uye matambudziko. Kusimbiswa, sekune mishonga yakawanda yekugadzirisa, ndeye simba revatengi uye mhinduro dzingave dzichiwanika kwavari.
Kuisa pfungwa kune izvo zviri kutotanga kushanda, zvakasiyana nekutarisa pane zvakaipa, zvinounza mamwe mhinduro semugumisiro.
Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) inoshandiswa zvikurukuru nemadzimai kuti awedzere, awedzere uye achengetedze hukama. Kunyange zvazvo EFT inowira pasi pemaambura anovaka, iyowo nzira inonyanya kuvakirwa pane zvidzidzo zvekubatanidza, izvo zvinosimbisa kukosha kwehukama hwakachengeteka uye hwakachengeteka nemumwe.
Theraptic Therapy has been used with children, families, and adults. Therrative Therapy inopa vatengi mukana wekuziva hupenyu hwavo kuburikidza nenyaya dzavanotaura ivo pachavo. Nyanzvi yeArrative Therapist inobatsira kuburitsa zvinhu zvakasarudzwa zvevatengi uye zvinoita kuti vanyori vanyora zvakare upenyu hwavo.
Kugadzirisa muhutano hwepfungwa kunopa tariro yakawanda uye tariro. Ndiine chivimbo chekugadzirisa chinyanzvi chekugadzirisa unyanzvi uyo anogona kunyatsogadzirisa kukurukurirana-kuchinja hupenyu, mikana mitsva nemikana inowanikwa mumararamiro evanhu.
Sources
Hoffman, L. (1990). Kuumba zvinhu zvechokwadi: Unyanzvi hwemangariro. Mhuri Dzakagadzirwa, 29, 1-12.
Hoyt, MF (Ed.) (1998). Bhuku rekushandisa remishonga inobatsira: Inzira dzakanaka dzevatungamiri vanoita. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Inc., Vaparidzi.