Izwi rokuti depression rinoshandiswa kurondedzera tsvina isina kujeka yezviratidzo. Asi, kuchipatara zvakanyanya kuora mwoyo kwakasiyana. Icho chinoreva zviratidzo zvakasvika pane imwe nzvimbo iyo inogona kukodzera mumwe munhu kuti aongorore hurumende yekuora mwoyo.
Kuti uwane zvinotarisirwa nekliniki zvakanyanya kuora mwoyo, nhamo yeumwe munhu inofanira kukanganisa kushanda kwezuva nezuva.
Hazvina kufanana nekuve pasi kana kungonzwa uchinetseka.
Ndeipi Chirwere cheMafungiro Chemakliniki Chinonyanya kukosha?
Nzira yehutano hwepfungwa uye hutachiona hwehutano hwakagadzirirwa neKutsvaga uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders ( DSM ). Makore mashomanana ose, DSM inovandudzwa uye dzimwe nguva zvinotarisirwa kuti zvipatara zvinorema kuchinja zvishoma.
I DSM-III yakanga yakazara yakawanda yekuongorora zvirwere zvepfungwa. Saka, mugore ra2000, DSM-IV, yakawedzera "kuchipatara kunetseka kwakanyanya uye kuora mwoyo" kune chirwere chekuongorora chirwere chepfungwa dzose.
Nokuwedzera "kuchipatara zvakanyanya kuora mwoyo uye kuora mwoyo," boka revashandi vanobatsira kuDMM vakatsvaga kuderedza kusarudzwa kwezvipingamupinyi zvepfungwa zvakasiyana kune vanhu vasingaratidzi kuratidza zviratidzo, asi zviratidzo zvavo zviri kuita dambudziko guru muupenyu hwavo.
Mune shanduro itsva ye DSM, DSM-5 yakasunungurwa muna 2013, mitemo yekutarisirwa kwekliniki yakaendeswa mberi.
Vanyori vakatora chirongwa chekutsvaga chikwata chichiwedzera nekuwedzera kuwedzera kwehutano. Nokuwedzera kuwedzera kwezviyero, vatori ve DSM-5 vakanyatsogadzirisa zvirongwa zvekuongorora uye vakazvibatanidza kuchirapa nemigumisiro.
Kusuruvara vs. Makiriniki Anokosha Kuora Mwoyo
Munhu wose anonzwa achidzika dzimwe nguva uye nguva dzekushungurudzika dzinogona kuva dzakanaka.
Asi, vanhu vane chirwere chepfungwa chinokonzera kushungurudzika, zvakanyanya kuderedza kufarira mabasa avo, uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana kusvika pavanenge vachiedza kubata.
Saka mumwe munhu akashungurudzika asi achiri kuramba achiita basa ravo pasina nyaya uye uyo anofambidzana pasina chinetso angangodaro asingasviki pachikumbaridzo. Asi, munhu anoshaya chikoro chemakoroji nokuti haakwanisi kubva pamubhedha kana mumwe ari kuwira kumashure kubasa nokuti haagoni kuisa pfungwa, anogona kunge ane chirwere chekuderedza zvakanyanya.
Zviratidzo zvechipatara zvakanyanya kuora mwoyo zvinoramba zvichiitika. Munhu anonzwa pasi kwemasikati kana mazuva mashomanana haangasviki nechikonzero chekuongororwa kwechirwere chekuora mwoyo zvakanyanya kana zviratidzo zvinogadzirisa. Kana, zvisinei, zviratidzo zvinopfuurira kwemavhiki maviri kana kupfuura uye zvinomiririra shanduko huru kubva kumabasa apfuura, munhu angave ane chirwere chikuru chekuora mwoyo.
Kusiyanisa kushungurudzika kubva pakuora mwoyo kukuru kunogona kuoma dzimwe nguva. Kunyange zvazvo vakasiyana kubva kune mumwe, vanogona kugara pamwe chete.
Kutevera kurashikirwa kukuru, zvinotarisirwa kuti munhu angasangana nekusuwa kusuruvara uye zvizhinji zvezviratidzo zvekuremerwa kwechipatara.
Nokufamba kwenguva, zvisinei, zviratidzo zvinofanira kuvandudza. Kana vasingagadziri, mumwe munhu ane shungu angave akaonekwa kuti ane kliniki yakaora mwoyo.
Mumwe munhu ane zviratidzo zvisiri kuchipatara zvinogona kunge achiri kutambudzika. Asi vangave vasina kukwanisa kugadzirisa chirwere chekuora mwoyo.
Kusuruvara kunogona kugadzirisa pachako pachedu kwenguva kana kuti nekutsigirwa neshamwari dzemunhu nemhuri. Iyo inogona kufambira mberi muchipatara zvakanyanya kuora mwoyo pamwe uye inogona kudikanwa kurapwa kwehupenzi.
Kuwanda kwekuora mwoyo
Kuora mwoyo hakusi chiratidzo chekushaya simba. Chero ani zvake anokwanisa kurasikirwa nechirwere chepfungwa zvakanyanya pane imwe nzvimbo yehupenyu.
IWorld Health Organization inofungidzira kuti mamirioni 300 vanhu pasi pose vane dambudziko. Inofungidzirwa kuti 6.7 muzana yevanhu vakuru muUnited States vakaona kuora mwoyo kukuru pane imwe nguva mugore rapfuura.
Zvinofungidzirwawo kuti 3.1 mamiriyoni vana pakati pezera remakore gumi nemaviri nemakumi maviri nemaviri muUnited States vakawana imwechete huru yekudzvinyirira muchiitiko mugore rapfuura. Vana vazhinji vane kuora mwoyo vanoenda vasina kutorwa sezvo zviratidzo zvinowanzoenda zvisingaonekwi kuvana.
Mhando dzeKliniki Inokosha Kuora Mwoyo
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekuora mwoyo dzinogona kusiyanana nekureba, nguva, dzinofungidzirwa zvinokonzera, kana dzinogona kusanganisira marudzi akasiyana ezviratidzo. Kurapa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ekuora mwoyo kunosiyanawo. Heano mamwe emhando dzakawanda dzinowanikwa muDMM-5 se "dambudziko rekuora mwoyo."
- Kuvhiringidza mafungiro ekuderedza chirwere kunoonekwa muvana uye kunosanganisira kutsamwa, kutsamwa, uye kusagadzikana.
- Dambudziko guru rekuora mwoyo rinoda mavhiki maviri ekusuruvara kukuru kana kurasikirwa kwechido munharaunda yese yezviitiko, kuwedzera kune dzimwe dzakawanda zviratidzo zvekuora mwoyo.
- Kuramba kuora mwoyo kunetseka uye kunogona kupedzisira kwemakore maviri kana kupfuura.
- Premenstrual dysphoric disorder inosanganisira kuora mwoyo zviratidzo zvinotanga nguva pfupi kusati kwatanga kushandiswa kwehuwandu hwemazuva ekuenda kumwedzi.
> Sources:
> Kushungurudzika uye Mimwe Dambudziko Dzepfungwa Dzepfungwa: Global Health Estimates . Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017.
> Mojtabai R, Olfson M, Han B. National Trends muhuwandu nekurapa kwekuora mwoyo mune vechidiki nevaduku vakuru. Pediatrics . 2016; 138 (6).
> Ongororo yeNyika inotsigira kuti Vechiduku havana kuwandisa vanobatwa nehutano hwepfungwa. National Institute of Mental Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/2010/national-survey-confirms-that-youth-are-disproportionately-affected-by-mental-disorders.shtml