Mufambiro weDMM 5 Zvirongwa zvekushungurudza kushandiswa kwemishonga

Zviratidzo Zvinoshandiswa Kuona Matambudziko Okushandisa Kwemishonga

Iyo "Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual ye Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition," inowanzonzi DSM-V kana DSM 5, ndiyo shanduro yezvino yeAmerican Psychiatric Association yegoridhe-yakawanda mazita pamusoro pemazita, zviratidzo, uye kuongororwa kwezvinhu zvepfungwa dzose dzinozivikanwa urwere-kusanganisira zvinodhaka.

Zviratidzo zveDSM-V zvekushandisa zvinodhaka zvinobva mumakumi emakore ekutsvakurudza uye ruzivo rwechirwere.

Iyi shanduro yakabudiswa munaMay 2013, makore makumi maviri pashure pekutanga kwekubudiswa kwebhuku rakapfuura, DSM-IV, muna 1994.

Chii Chinoshandiswa Nezvinhu Zvishandiso Zvinetso?

Iyo DSM-V inoziva kushungurudzwa kwezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nemishonga inokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwezvikamu gumi zvakasiyana zvemishonga: doro; caffeine; cannabis; hallucinogens (phencyclidine kana zvakafanana kuita arylcyclohexylamines, nemamwe hallucinogens, akadai seLSD); inhalants; opioids; sedatives, hypnotics, kana anxiolytics; zvinokonzera (kusanganisira amphetamine-type substances, cocaine, nezvimwe zvinokurudzira); fodya; uye zvimwe kana zvinhu zvisingazivikanwi. Nokudaro, nepo mamwe masangano makuru e- psychoactive zvinhu anonyatsotsanangurwa, kushandiswa kwemamwe kana zvinhu zvisingazivikanwi zvinogonawo kuumba hwaro hwehutano hwehupfumi kana hwechirwere .

Kushandiswa kwemupiro wemubairo wepfungwa kunonyanya kumatambudziko anobva kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka ; manzwiro anogutsa anowanikwa nevanhu nekuda kwekushandisa zvinodhaka angave akaoma zvikuru zvokuti anorega kuita mamwe mabasa anowanzodiwa nekuda kwekutora mishonga.

Kunyange zvazvo nzira dzezvokurapa zvemakemikari yekirasi imwe neimwe yemishonga yakasiyana, kushandiswa kwemubairo wezvirongwa kwakafanana kune zvimwe zvinhu mukubudisa manzwiro emufaro kana kufara, iyo inowanzozonzi "yakakwirira."

Iyo DSM-V inoziva kuti vanhu havasi vose vanozvipira kana kuti zvakaenzana nekushungurudzwa mukugadzirisa matambudziko anokonzerwa nemishonga uye kuti vamwe vanhu vane mitero yakadzika yekuzvidzora iyo inoita kuti vatarise kuti vakudze matambudziko kana vakaiswa kune zvinodhaka.

Kune mapoka maviri ezvinetso zvine chokuita nezvinhu: kushandiswa kwemishonga-kushandiswa uye kushungurudzwa kwezvinhu-induced. Kushungurudza-kushandisa kushandiswa kwezvirwere zviratidzo zvezviratidzo zvinobva pakushandisa kwezvinhu zvaunoramba uchitora, pasinei nezvinetso zvichiguma. Matambudziko anokonzerwa nemishonga, kusanganisira kudhakwa, kubvisa, uye zvimwe zvinodhaka / zvinodhaka-zvinokonzerwa nehutano hwepfungwa, zvinongororwa pamwe chete nezvinetso zvekushandisa zvinhu.

Zvinokonzera Kutambudzika Kwekushandisa Kwemishonga

Nhengo kushandisa zvinetso zvinotarisa zvinetso zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobva kuzvinhu zvinoshandiswa, kushandisa zvikamu 11 zvakasiyana:

1. Kutora chinhu ichi muhomwe huru kana kwenguva refu kupfuura iwe waireva.
2. Unoda kuderedza kana kurega kushandisa chinhu asi kwete kutarisira.
3. Kushandisa nguva yakawanda kuwana, kushandisa, kana kupora kubva pakushandiswa kwezvinhu.
4. Kuda uye kukurudzira kushandisa chinhu.
5. Kwete kutarisira kuita zvaunofanira kuita pamba, kumba, kana kuchikoro nekuda kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa.
6. Kuramba uchichishandisa, kunyange kana ichikonzera matambudziko muhukama.
7. Kupa hunokosha hwemagariro evanhu, zvebasa, kana zvekuvaraidza nekuda kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa.
8. Kushandisa zvinhu zvakare nekudzoka, kunyange kana zvichikuisa pangozi.
9. Kuramba uchishandisa, kunyange iwe uchiziva kuti une dambudziko remuviri kana repfungwa raigona kunge rakakonzerwa kana kuti rakawedzerwa zvakanyanya nehuwandu.

1. Needing zvimwe zvezvinhu kuti uwane zvaunoda (kushivirira).
2. Kubudirira kwekuregera zviratidzo, izvo zvinogona kununurwa nokutora zvimwe zvezvinhu.

Kuoma kwezvinhu zvinoshandisa kushandiswa kwezvinhu

Iyo DSM-V inobvumira vanachiremba kuti vatsanangure kuti yakaoma kana kuti yakawanda sei dambudziko rinoshandiswa nedambudziko rekushandisa iyo, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwezviratidzo zvinowanikwa. Zviratidzo zviviri kana zvitatu zvinoratidza unyoro kushandisa dambudziko; Zviratidzo zvina kana zvishanu zvinoratidza kushandiswa kwemishonga inoshandiswa kushandiswa, uye zviratidzo zvitanhatu kana kupfuura zvinoratidza chirwere chakanyanya kushandisa chirwere. Vanachiremba vanogonawo kuwedzera " mukuregererwa kwekutanga ," "mukuregererwa kwakasimba," "pakuchengetedzwa kwemaitiro," uye "munzvimbo inodzorwa."

Intoxication

Kunwa doro, boka rezvinetso zvinokonzerwa nezvinhu, tsanangudzo zviratidzo zvinowanikwa nevanhu kana "zvakakwirira" kubva pamishonga. Matambudziko ekudhakwa kunosanganisira:

• Marijuana kudhakwa
• Cocaine inxication
• Methamphetamine kudhakwa (zvinokurudzira)
• Heroin inxication (opioids)
• Kunyanya kudhakwa (imwe inonzi hallucinogen kudhakwa kana "asidi rwendo")
• Kunyanya kudhakwa zvinodhaka

Mishonga / Mishonga-Inokonzera Kuora Kwepfungwa

Matambudziko epfungwa-akakonzerwa nehupfungwa matambudziko epfungwa anowanikwa kune vanhu vasina hutano hwepfungwa asati vashandisa zvinhu, uye vanosanganisira:

• Chirwere-chinokonzerwa nechirwere chepfungwa
• Chirwere-chinokonzera bipolar uye zvinetso zvakasiyana
• Dambudziko-rinokonzera kuora mwoyo kunetseka
• Matambudziko anokonzerwa nokuzvidya mwoyo
• Zvinhu-zvinokonzerwa nezvinhu-zvinokonzera-zvinokonzera uye zvinetso zvakabatana
• Kushungurudzika kwepfungwa-kunokonzerwa nehope
• Kuita zvepabonde kunokonzerwa nemishonga
• Chirwere-chinokonzerwa nemaitiro
• Zvinhu-zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutano

Shoko Rinobva

Kana iwe uchifunga kuti iwe unogona kunge uine chirwere chekushandisa zvinoshandiswa kana chirwere chinokonzerwa nezvinhu, ona chiremba wako. Angave achida kukutumira kune imwe nyanzvi kana chirwere chechirwere kuti uone kana iwe uine chirwere chepfungwa chekare uye kuti uve nechokwadi chokuti unogamuchira nzira yakakodzera yekurapa.

Kutadza kushandiswa kwekushandisa zvinhu zvinogona kukuvadza kuhutano hwako, hukama hwako, uye hupenyu hwako sehuse. Vanogona kunge vari kuuraya, saka tibatsirwe kubva pakutanga pane zvaunogona.

> Sources

• > American Psychiatric Association. Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders-DSM 5. New York: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.