Kudzidza nezvepfungwa kunosanganisira kudzidza kuti vanhu vanodzidza sei, kusanganisira nyaya dzakadai semigumisiro yevadzidzi, nzira yekudzidzisa, kusiyanisa kwekudzidza, zvipo zvevadzidzi, nekuremara kwekudzidza.
Iri bazi rezvepfungwa haritauri kungoita zvidzidzo zvekuchechechedza nekuyaruka asi kunosanganisira hukama hwemagariro evanhu, hwepfungwa, uye hwekunzwisisa hunobatanidzwa mukudzidza mukati mehupenyu hwose.
Munda wekudzidza kwepfungwa unosanganisira zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakasiyana, zvinosanganisira kufambira mberi kwepfungwa , maitiro epfungwa uye mafungiro epfungwa .
Misoro Yezvaunofarira Mumapurogiramu Enharaunda
- Technology Technology
- Instructional Design
- Dzidzo inokosha
- Curriculum Development
- Organisation Learning
- Vadzidzi vane zvipo
Zvinyorwa zvinokosha muPhistori Psychology History
- John Locke
- William James
- Alfred Binet
- John Dewey
- Jean Piaget
- BF Skinner
Nhoroondo yeKudzidza Pepychology
Kudzidza kwepfungwa yehutachiwana hutachiona hudiki hune huwandu hwakawanda hwekukura mumakore achangopfuura. Psychology haina kubuda sesayenzi yakasiyana kusvika kuma1800s ekupedzisira, saka vazivi vedzidzo vainyanya kufarira kufanirwa kwepakutanga mune zvepfungwa dzepamusoro.
Vakawanda vanofunga nezvemazivi anonzi Johann Herbart sa "baba" wepfungwa dzepfungwa. Herbart aidavira kuti kufarira kwevadzidzi pane imwe nyaya kwakakonzera chidzidzo chekudzidza uye vakafunga kuti vadzidzisi vanofanira kufunga nezvechido ichi pamwe chete neruzivo rwakasarudzwa pavanosarudza kuti rudzi rwekudzidzisa rwakakodzera zvakadini.
Gare gare, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa uye muzivi William William akaita zvipo zvakakura mumunda. Mutsara wake 1899 text Talks to Teachers on Psychology inonzi ndiyo yekutanga bhuku pamusoro pepfungwa yepamusoro. Munharaunda imwecheteyo, chiremba wepfungwa wechiFrench Alfred Binet akanga achivandudza maitiro ake anozivikanwa eIQ .
Iyi miedzo yakatanga kugadzirirwa kubatsira hurumende yeFrance kuziva vana vaive nekukurumidza kunonoka kusimbisa mapurogiramu ezvidzidzo.
MuUnited States, John Dewey aiva nesimba guru pane dzidzo. Zvinyorwa zvaDewey zvaifambira mberi, uye aifunga kuti chikoro chinofanira kuisa pfungwa kune vadzidzi kwete pane zvidzidzo. Akatsigira kudzidza kushingaira uye akatenda kuti maoko-pane ruzivo rwaive chikamu chinokosha chekudzidza.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Benjamin Bloom yakagadzira musarudzo inokosha yakagadzirirwa kuronga, uye kurondedzera zvinangwa zvekudzidzisa zvakasiyana. Iyi mitatu yepamusoro-soro yaakatsanangura yaiva yekufungisisa, kugadzirisa, uye pfungwa dzepfungwa yekudzidza.
Major Perspectives muKudzidza Psychology
Sezvimwe nedzimwe nzvimbo dzepfungwa, vatsvakurudzi mukati mehutano hwepabonde vanotora kutora maonero akasiyana pavanenge vachiona dambudziko.
- Maitiro ekutenda anoratidza kuti maitiro ose anodzidziswa kuburikidza nemamiriro ezvinhu. Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzinotora maonero aya dzinotsigira zvakasimba pamitemo yekushanda kwemamiriro ezvinhu kutsanangura kuti kudzidza kunoitika sei. Semuenzaniso, vadzidzisi vangapa zviratidzo zvinogona kuchinjana nezvinhu zvakakosha zvakadai sweetsy nematayiri ekupa mubayiro maitiro akanaka. Kunyange zvazvo nzira dzakadaro dzinogona kubatsira kune dzimwe nguva, nzira yekuita tsika yakatsoropodzwa nekuda kwekusakwanisa kubhadhara zvinhu zvakadai semafungiro, mazano, uye zvinangwa zvekudzidza.
- Maonero ekuvandudza anotarisa kuti vana vanowana sei unyanzvi hutsva uye ruzivo sezvavanokura. Matanho anozivikanwa aJean Piaget ekubudirira kwepfungwa ndeimwe muenzaniso wekukosha kwemashoko ekubudirira anotarisa kuti vana vanokura sei nehunyanzvi. Nokuziva kuti vana vanofunga sei pazvikamu zvakasiyana zvekukura, vadzidzisi vezvepfungwa vanogona kunzwisisa zviri nani vana vanogona pane imwe neimwe yekukura kwavo. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira vadzidzisi kuvaka nzira yekudzidzisa uye zvinhu zvakanakisisa zvinangwa kune mamwe mapoka emakore.
- Iko maonero ekufungidzira ave akapararira zvikuru mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, kunyanya nekuti inotsanangura kuti zvinhu zvakadai sezviyeuchidzo, zvitendero, manzwiro , uye zvinokurudzira zvinobatsira mukudzidza. Cognitive Psychology inotarisa pakunzwisisa kuti vanhu vanofunga sei, vakadzidza, vanoyeuka, uye vanogadzira ruzivo. Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzekudzidza dzinotora maonero ekuziva zvinoda kuziva kuti vana vanosimbiswa sei kudzidza, kuti vanoyeuka sei zvinhu zvavanodzidza, uye kuti vanogadzirisa sei zvinetso, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.
- Nzira yekugadzirisa zvinhu ndiyo imwe yenzira dzichangobva kudzidza dzidziso dzinotarisa kuti vana vanovaka sei zivo yavo yenyika. Kugadzirisa kunowedzera kukanganisa kune zvemagariro evanhu uye zvemagariro zvinoita kuti vana vadzidze. Uyu maonero anonyanya kukanganiswa nebasa rezvepfungwa dzepfungwa Lev Vygotsky, uyo akakumbira pfungwa dzakadai sezvenzvimbo yekusimudzira zvakanyanya uye yekurairidza scaffolding.
Nepo ruzivo rwepfungwa rwekudzidzisa rungave ruchiri chirango chiduku, rucharamba ruchikura sezvo vanhu vanowedzera kufarira kunzwisisa manzwiro anoita vanhu. APA Chikamu 15, chakazvipira kune nyaya yepfungwa dzekudzidzisa, ikozvino inonyora vanopfuura 2 000 nhengo.
Sources:
Hergenhahn, BR (2009). Kutanga kuNhoroondo yePsychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Zimmerman, BJ & Schunk, DH (Eds.) (2003). Psychology Educational: A Century Of Contributions . Mahwah, NJ, US: Erlbaum.