William James akatsigira sei munda wepfungwa?
William James aiva mudzidzi wepfungwa uye wefilosofi uyo ane simba guru pakuvandudzika kwepfungwa mukati meUnited States. Pakati pezvinhu zvakawanda zvaaiita, ndiye aiva wokutanga kudzidzisa chirwere chepfungwa muUnited States uye anowanzotumidzwa sababa veAmerican psychology.
James aizivikanwawo nekuzvipira kune hutsika, imwe yezvikoro zvokutanga zvepfungwa mupfungwa.
Bhuku rake rinonzi The Principles of Psychology rinotorwa semumwe wemitauro yakanakisisa uye inobudirira munhoroondo yepfungwa. Akanga ariwo hama yakanyora munyori Henry James uye diarist Alice James.
"Unyanzvi hwekuchenjera huri ruzivo rwekuziva chii chokurega," William James akambonyora. Dzidza zvakawanda nezvehupenyu hwake, basa rake, mazano, uye zvipo kune maitiro epfungwa panyaya iyi pfupi.
Chinonyanya Kuzivikanwa
- Pragmatism
- Functionalism
- James-Lange Nyaya yeEmotion
- Kazhinji anonzi baba veAmerican psychology
Upenyu Hwekutanga
William James akaberekerwa mumhuri yakabudirira. Baba vake vaifarira zvikuru uzivi uye dzidziso yebhaibheri uye vakaedza kupa vana vake dzidzo inowedzera.
VaJakobho vana vaifamba kuenda kuEurope kakawanda, vakapinda mune zvikoro zvakanakisisa, uye vakabhabhatidzwa mumitambo uye unyanzvi, izvo zvakangoita kuti zvibhadzwe - William James akazova mumwe wevanhu vanokosha zvikuru mune zvepfungwa apo hama Henry James yakava imwe yevamwe anonzi American novelists.
Henry James ndiye munyori wemabasa akawanda anozivikanwa kusanganisira The Portrait of a Lady and the Ambassadors .
Pakutanga kuchikoro, William James akaratidza kufarira kuva muvepi. Kunyange zvazvo Henry James Sr. aizivikanwa sebaba vasingawanzobvumirwi uye vaine rusununguko, aida William kuti adzidze sayenzi kana uzivi.
Chete pashure pokunge William aenderera mberi achifarira Henry akabvumira mwanakomana wake kuti aongorore kuverenga.
Mushure mokudzidza kuveza nemufananidzo anonzi William Morris Hunt kwemakore anopfuura makumi mana, James akasiya kurota kwake kuva muvepi uye akanyora kuHarvard kuti aongorore makemikari. Kunyange zvazvo vaviri vehama dzaJakobho vakanyorera kushanda muAmerican Civil War, William naHenry havana kuita nekuda kwematambudziko ehutano.
Timeline of Events
- Akazvarwa musi waJanuary 11, 1842 muNew York City
- 1869 - Yakagamuchira MD kubva kuHarvard
- 1875 - Kutanga kudzidzisa zvepfungwa paHarvard
- 1882 - Rufu rwababa vaWilliam, Henry James Sr
- 1890 - Published The Principles of Psychology
- 1892 - Yakashandura mabhi kuHugo Munsterberg
- 1897 - Published Will to Believe and Other Essays
- 1907 - Yakabudiswa Pragmatism uye yakasimuka kubva kuHarvard
- Akafira August 26, 1910 ava nemakore 68
Career
Sezvo mhuri yemari yakatanga kuderera, William akaziva kuti aizofanira kuzviriritira uye kutendeukira kuHarvard Medical School. Asina kufara nemishonga pamwe chete, akabva pafambiro nemudzimai wezvisikwa Louis Agassiz, kunyange zvazvo chiitiko chacho chakanga chisina kufara.
"Ndakanga ndiri, muviri nemweya, mune chimwe chinhu chisingatauri chisingatauri, chisina pokugara uye chisingabatsiri pane zvandaida kuti ndivezve," akanyora kudaro.
Kutambura kubva kuhutano hwehutano uye kushushikana kukuru, James akapedza makore maviri akatevera muFrance neGermany. Nguva iyi yakaita basa rinokosha pakushandura kufarira kwake kune zvepfungwa nefilosofi. Yaiva panguva iyi iyo yaakadzidza naHermann von Helmholtz uye yakanyanya kufarira mune zvepfungwa.
Mushure mekunge apedza chikoro kubva kuHarvard Medical School muna 1869, James akaenderera mberi kunyura mukuora mwoyo. Kutevera nguva yekusashanda, mutungamiri weHarvard akapa Jakobho basa rokuti ave murayiridzi.
Kunyange zvazvo aine ruzivo rwokutaura kuti "hurukuro yekutanga pamusoro pepfungwa yepamusoro yandakambonzwa kuva yekutanga wandakambopa," James akagamuchira basa ndokuenderera mberi kudzidzisa kuHarvard kwemakore 35 anotevera.
Mukuwedzera pane zvimwe zvipo zvake zvinokosha, James akabatsira kuumba nzira yepfungwa nekudzidzisa vadzidzi vakawanda vakapfuura nepamukirasi yake.
James akavakawo imwe yevashandi vokutanga vepfungwa muUnited States.
Bhuku rake rekushandisa rinonzi The Principles of Psychology (1890) rakakurumbira, asi vamwe vaitsoropodza Jakobho, manzwiro ezvinyorwa.
"Ndiyo mabhuku," nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Wilhelm Wundt akanyora kudaro, "yakanaka, asi haisi pfungwa dzepfungwa."
Makore maviri gare gare, James akabudisa shanduro yakagadzikana yebasa rainzi Psychology: Briefer Course . Mabhuku maviri aya ainyanya kushandiswa nevadzidzi vepfungwa uye vaizivikanwa kune vazhinji se "James" uye "Jimmy" maererano.
William James Theories
James 'kupa zvipo zvekupfungwa kwepfungwa zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:
Pragmatism
James akanyora zvakanyanya pamusana pekurumbidza. Maererano nekugadzirisa, chokwadi chechirevo hachigoni kuonekwa. James akatsanangura isu panzvimbo pekutarisa pane zvaakadana "mari inokosha," kana kubatsira, kwechirevo.
Functionalism
James akarwisana neanorthististist achifunga nezvekufungidzira uye kuputsa zviitiko zvepfungwa kune zviduku zvikuru. Pane kudaro, James akaisa pfungwa pahutano hwechiitiko, kutora mukukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza pane mufambiro.
James-Lange Nyaya yeEmotion
Inyanzvi yaJakobho-Lange yemanzwiro inotsanangura kuti chimwe chiitiko chinokonzera kugadzikana kwehupenyu, izvo zvatinenge tichidudzira. Maererano nedzidziso iyi, manzwiro anokonzerwa nekududzirwa kwezvinhu izvi zvekuita kwepanyama. Vose James naDenmark physistist Carl Lange vakazvimirira zvakananga.
Kuchinja Kwake pa Psychology
Mukuwedzera kune simba rake guru, vazhinji vevadzidzi vaJames vakapfuurira kuva nebasa rakabudirira uye rine simba mune zvepfungwa. Vamwe vevadzidzi vaJakobho vaisanganisira Mary Whiton Calkins , Edward Thorndike , G. Stanley Hall , naJohn Dewey .
Mabasa Akasarudzwa naWilliam James
- James, W. (1890). Nheyo dzePsychology. Makirasiki muNhoroondo yePychology, inyanzvi yeInternet yakagadzirwa naChristopher D. Green weYunivhesiti yeYork, Toronto, Ontario.
- James, W. (1897). Ida Kudavira.
- James, W. (1907). Pragmatism: Zita idzva reimwe nzira dzekare dzekufunga. New York: Longman Green uye Co.
Biographies yaWilliam James
- Myers, G. (2001). William James: Upenyu Hwake uye Kufunga. Yale University Press.
- Simon, L. (1999). Chokwadi Chaicho: Upenyu hwaWilliam James. University Of Chicago Press.
> Sources:
> Hergenhahn, BR, Henley, T. Nheyo yeNhoroondo yePsychology. Wadsworth Cengage Kudzidza; 2013.