Kushungurudzika Kwepfungwa Kunovharwa Pasi PemaAmerican With Disability Act
Kana iwe uine chirwere chepfungwa chakadai sekutambudzika kukuru, unogona kushamisika kuti kodzero dzako ndedzipi paunenge uchitsvaga basa kana kuti uri kukwidziridzwa. Zviri pachena kuti kana uine hurema hwepanyama hazvizobvumirwi nemutemo kune waunoshandira kuti akusarudze, nekuda kweAmericans With Disability Act (ADA), yakatanga kushanda muna 1992 kudzivirira vashandi vega, hurumende dzehurumende nehurumende, basa masangano, uye hurumende dzebasa kubva pakusarura vanhu vane hurema.
Inoshanda kumabasa ekunyorwa kwemabasa, kubhadhara, kupisa, kufambira mberi, kubhadhara, kurovedzwa kwebasa, nezvimwe. Mabhizimisi kana makambani ane 15 kana kupfuura vashandi vanofanirwa kutevedzera ADA.
Muna 2008, kuchinja kwakakosha kuAdA kwakawedzera tsanangudzo yekuremara, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kune vanhu vane "zvisingaoneki" mamiriro ezvinhu, akadai sokuora mwoyo, kudzivirirwa, kunyange kana zviratidzo zvavo zvinotungamirirwa nemishonga, mararamiro ehupenyu, kana kuti kurapa. Kana uri kuora mwoyo , kuziva kodzero dzako kumabasa kunogona kuita kusiyana kwakanyanya mumabatiro ako.
Iwe Wakafukidzwa neMutemo weAmerican With Disability Act?
IAA, pamwe chete nekugadzirisa kwa2008, inotaura kuti vanhu vanofanirwa nekuremara kana ivo:
- Iva nehutachiona hwepanyama kana hwepfungwa dzinogadzirisa zvikwereti chimwechete kana mamwe mabasa makuru ehupenyu uye / kana mabasa emumuviri (maitiro ezvirwere zvemuviri, masero, masero, chirwere chepfungwa, uropi, hutachiona, kuputika, kutenderera, endocrine, uye kubereka). Mabasa makuru ehupenyu anosanganisira, asi haasi kuongororwa, kuzviriritira, kuita zvinyorwa zvemabasa, kuona, kunzwa, kudya, kurara, kufamba, kumira, kusimudza, kupfugama, kutaura, kufema, kudzidza, kuverenga, kuisa pfungwa, kufunga, kukurukurirana, uye kushanda.
- Iva nhoroondo yekusakatika kwakadaro
- Iko kunonzi seine kukanganisa kwakadaro
Chii Chinonzi Kuora Kwepfungwa?
Mukutaura kweAADA, kukanganisa kwepfungwa kunosanganisira matambudziko epfungwa kana mupfungwa (sezvinotsanangurwa ne DSM-V) zvakadai sekukuvara kwepfungwa huru, bipolar disorder , kushushikana kwepfungwa (panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, uye mushure mekutambudzika kwepfungwa zvinodhaka) , schizophrenia, uye hutano husina kunaka.
Matambudziko asina kuvharwa neAAA anosanganisira kushandura kusagadzikana , ukama hwehukama, kana kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvisina kukodzera. Mukuwedzera, maitiro "zviito" zvakadai sokutsamwa kana kushungurudzika hazvina kubatanidzwa.
Kunyange kana izvi zviitiko zvisingaiti nguva dzose, asi zvinokonzera kupisa-ups kwekuora mwoyo, vanofanirwa chero bedzi chirwere ichi chinoonekwa sechinetso chenguva refu.
Kazhinji chiitiko chinofanira kuvapo kwemwedzi inoverengeka isati yakwanise kuva chinetso chenguva refu. Matambudziko anowanikwa mukutsanangurwa kwekuremara ndeaya anogara nekusingaperi kana ane mikana yakareba kwenguva refu, kwete iyo iyo yenguva pfupi yakadai sokuputsa ukama.
"Kuraira Kwakawandisa" Kunogadziriswa Sei?
Kutsunga kwekuregererwa kwakanyanya hakufaniri kugara kuchiitwa nenyanzvi. Dzimwe nguva uchapupu hunokodzera hwomunhu anenge achida hurema, mhuri yake, shamwari, kana vashandi pamwe chete vangave vakakwana.
Zvinodhaka uye Kunwa Doro Doro
Nokuti kuzvirapa nemishonga uye doro zvakanyanya kune vanhu vane kuora mwoyo, zvinokosha kuziva kuti ADA haifaniri kuvhara avo vane dambudziko rekushandisa zvinodhaka . Chero mushandi ane dambudziko rekushandisa zvinodhaka anogona kutarisirwa kune zvakafanana nevamwe vashandi. Kana wako waunoshandira asingazivi nezvekuora mwoyo kwako uye gare gare akawana dambudziko rekushandisa zvinodhaka, haugoni kudzivirirwa.
Kunzwisisa Kunzwisisa Kwakanaka: Imwe Yekodzero Dzako
Pasi peAADA, vashandi vanofanirwa kuita izvo zvinonzi "nzvimbo yakakodzera yekugara" yevanhu vane hurema hunozivikanwa chero bedzi iyo isingakonzere matambudziko asina kukodzera sekukonzera kukuru kana kuti mari yekambani.
Mienzaniso yekugara kwakakodzera kune mushandi ane kuora mwoyo kunosanganisira purogiramu yebasa rekushanda kana kugoverana mabasa; nguva yokurapa kana misangano yeboka rekutsigira ; nzvimbo yakanyarara yekunze-ye-ye-way; kupfuudzwa kwekusiya mushure mokunge mupatara ; uye kubvumira mushandi kushanda pamba nguva nenguva.
Kana iwe uchida kutaurirana nenzvimbo yakakodzera iwe pachako, heino mimwe mibvunzo yekufungisisa:
- Ndeipi basa rako rakaoma zvikuru kubasa? Chii chingaita kuti zvive nyore?
- Pane chikamu chebasa rako kuita kuti zvirwere zvako zvepfungwa zvive nani here kana kuti zvakanyanya?
- Pane chimwe chinhu munzvimbo yako yebasa chinokonzera kukanganisa here?
- Inguva yebasa rakashandurwa ingabatsira here? Somuenzaniso, kuderedza maawa ako?
- Inoterevhizheni inogoneka nebasa rako, kana nguva yakazara kana pane mamwe mazuva?
Kuzivisa Kuora Kwako
Vashandi vanorambidzwa nemutemo kuti vabvunze kana mumwe munhu ane hurema, kana kuti kubvunza mibvunzo pamusoro pekuremara kunozivikanwa. Saka kana iwe wakamboonekwa uine kuora mwoyo zviri kwauri kuti uudze mutariri wako kana maneja, uye kukumbira chero dzimba dzaunoda kuti uite basa rako.
Zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kuita izvi, zvakapiwa rusarura nemafungiro asina kunaka anokomberedza chirwere chepfungwa. Asi zviri nani kuva mberi uye kuwana izvo zvaunoda, pane kungoisa pangozi kushanda kwekuongorora maitiro kana kunyange kurasikirwa nebasa rako nokuti wakasarudza kuoma. Ramba uchifunga kuti chinangwa che ADA ndechekuchengetedza vanhu vakaita sewe-vanhu vanoda kushanda kubasa asi vanotya pamusoro pokushanda kwavo kunogona kuchinjwa nekuremara kwavo kwepfungwa.
Kusangana Nokusarura
Kana iwe uchifungidzira iwe wakasarurwa nekuda kwekuora mwoyo kwako, taura neU.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) kuti uise chikumbiro. Chirevo chekusarura kazhinji chinofanira kuiswa mumazuva 180. Iwe unogona kuva nemazuva mazana matatu kuti upe mutero kana pane mutemo wehurumende kana wekune imwe nyika unopa rusununguko rwekusarura pamusana pekuremara.
Kupa mutero wekusarura kusangana neEEOC Mahofisi eMusipindi. Mahofisi aya ari mumaguta muUnited States yose. Kana zvakawanikwa iwe wakasarurwa, une kodzero yekugadzirisa iyo inokuisa panzvimbo yaunenge uripo kana kusarurwa kusati kwamboitika. Iwe unogona kuva nekodzero yokubhadhara, kukusimudzira, kudzorerazve, kubhadhara kumashure, kana nzvimbo yekugara yakakodzera, kusanganisira reassignment. Iwe unogonawo kuva nekodzero yekupa varairi mari.
Sezvo nekuzarura, yeuka kuti ADA yakagadzirirwa kubatsira vanhu vakaita sawe. Hausi iwe chete unomiririra kodzero dzako apo iwe unoti kudzivirirwa kwechiremara chekuremara, uri kuratidza muenzaniso unobatsira vamwe nehutano hwepfungwa kudzivisa kusarurwa nekuda kwehutano ivo vasina kumbokumbira kuti vatarisane nazvo.
Sources:
Davidson, L. The Recovery Movement: Zvinokonzerwa Nehutano Hwepfungwa Uye Kubvumira Vanhu Kuti Vabatanidze Zvizere Muhupenyu. Health Health . 2016. 35 (6): 1091-7.
Petrila, J. Congress Inodzorera VaAmerica neHarare neMutemo kune Chinangwa Chayo chekutanga. Psychiatry Services . 2009. 60 (7): 878-9.
Petrila, J. Mutemo & Psychiatry: IAAA Been Reborn seChigadziro cheBroad Community Shanduko yevanhu vane hurema hwepfungwa here? . Psychiatry Services . 2014. 65 (7): 847-9.
US Yakafanana Nayo Mikana Komisheni Yebasa. ADA Amendments Act we 2008. 09/28/08. https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/adaaa.cfm
US Yakafanana Nayo Mikana Komisheni Yebasa. EEOC Kutevedzera Mutungamiri pamusoro pevanhu veAmerica vane Rakabatwa neMutemo uye Mapurisa ekuremara. 03/05/09. https://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/psych.html