Kubva muHitoriki kusvika kuPasipo
Kurapa kwekutambudzika kwekudya kwakaoma. Haisi kungoti kurapwa kunowanzobatanidza vapeji vakawanda (chiremba, chiremba wepfungwa, anyoreji wezvokudya zvinokonzera zvokudya, uye chiremba chepfungwa, pakati pevamwe vanogona kuita), asi hurongwa hweUnited States hune hurongwa hwekuchengetedza hwakasiyana nekusawirirana kwekudya.
Mazinga ekutarisira anotarirwa kubva kune akawanda- kusvika ku-yakawanda ndeaya anotevera:
- Kurapa muchipatara kune kutarisira maawa makumi maviri mune chipatara chiremba. Izvi zvinowanzoitirwa varwere vasiri mishonga vakagadzikana uye vanoda nguva yakareba-ye-clock kurapwa, iyo inogona kusanganisira inopisa mvura, tube feeds, uye nguva dzose kutarisa zviratidzo zvinokosha.
- Kugara kwekugara (RTC) kunopa maawa makumi maviri kutarisira kune avo vane mishonga yakagadzikana asi vanoda kutarisa-awa-clock yekuzvibata uye kudya.
- Partial hospitalization (PHP) inobvumira murwere kurara pamba uye kuenda kuchikoro chekurapa masikati. Vanhu vanogona kupinda purogiramu mazuva mashoma mashanu pavhiki kwekanguva kazhinji kubva pa6 kusvika ku11 maawa pazuva. Chizhinji chekudya chinoitika panzvimbo yekurapa, asi murwere ane zvimwe zvokudya kumba.
- Kunyanya kurapwa kwenguva refu (IOP) kazhinji kunosanganisira maawa matatu ezvirongwa kwemazuva maviri kusvika matatu pavhiki. Panzvimbo iyi yekuchengetedza, mutengi anogara pamba uye anowanzogona kushanda kana kuenda kuchikoro. Kazhinji kacho kudya kumwechete kana kuswa kwekushanyira kwekushanya kune chikamu chekurapa.
- Kunze kwekurapa kazhinji kunoumbwa nemisangano yega yega kana kaviri pavhiki nevarapi uye / kana vekudya .
IAmerican Psychiatric Association (APA) yakagadzirisa mazano kune maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekutarisira. Mapoka eAAPA anoti:
Mukusarudza murwere wekutanga kutarisirwa kana kuti kuchinja kune imwe nzira yekutarisira kwakakodzera, zvinokosha kufunga nezvehutano hwehutano hwemamiriro ose, hutano hwepfungwa, maitiro, uye hukama hwevanhu panzvimbo pokutsamira pane imwe chete kana kupfuura zvimwe zvepanyama, zvakadai sokurema.
Uyu ndiwo mutsara chaiwo wekutapudza uremu hwepakutanga uri wega wekutanga wehutano hwekutarisira, izvo zvave zvichiwanzoitika.
I APA inopa chati inotsanangura nzira dzakarongerwa yezinga rimwe nerimwe rekutarisira. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:
- Chipatara
- Kuzviuraya
- Kurema (sekuwedzera kwehutano hwehutano hwemuviri)
- Chido chokudzoka, kusanganisira kubatana, kunzwisisa, uye kukwanisa kudzora pfungwa dzakawanda
- Zvinokonzera kukanganisa, kusanganisira kushandisa zvinodhaka, kuora mwoyo, uye kuzvidya mwoyo
- Chimiro chinodiwa pakudya nekuwana uremu
- Mikana yekudzivirira kukanganisa kuita
Kuwanda kwezvinhu kunobatsira pakugadzirisa kwehutano hwakanaka hwemunhu. Mishonga inofanira kutanga nehutano hwekuchengetedza hunodiwa kuti uchengetedze zviratidzo uye inopa nzira yakanakisisa yekurapwa yekubudirira kubudirira. Kakawanda, uye pamwe zvichida, varwere vane zviratidzo zvakakomba vanotanga kurapwa pamagariro epamusoro uye zvishoma nezvishoma vanoenda kumaderera.
Kune rumwe rutivi, apo mishonga yekurapa inomanikidzwa, vatsvakurudzi vakawanda uye vashandi vanorapa vanotsigira "kutarisira kutaridzika" nzira kune avo vane utano hwakasimba. Mune nzira yakanyatsotarisirwa kutarisirwa, huwandu hunopindira hunopindira hunotanga kutanga uye kana varwere vasiri kuvandudza vanowedzerwa kusvika kune imwe nzira yakakwirira yekutarisira.
Mukufamba kwakanyatsotarisirwa, nzira yakaderera yekupindira inogona kunge iine rubatsiro rwekuzvibatsira kana kutungamirirwa iwe pachako rubatsiro.
Zvisinei, mumamiriro ezvinhu apo munhu haasi mishonga yakagadzikana, uye mumamiriro ezvinhu anorexia nervosa, kurapwa hakufaniri kutanga ne -self-rubatsiro kana kutungamirirwa kuzvibatsira. Rubatsiro rwezvemapurogiramu runodiwa kuti urarame kuoma kwechirwere.
Pakupedzisira, makambani akawanda einishuwarenzi, kunyanya inotungamirirwa nemari-inogadziriswa, ine mazano avo uye inogona kutaurira hutano hwehutano iyo murwere anokwanisa kuwana.
Kunyange zvazvo zvose zvakataurwa kare-pamwe chete nekuwanika kwehutano uye inshuwarisi-inoda kuonekwa, pane zvikwangwani zvezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekutarisira:
Medical Hospitalization
Varwere vangatanga kurapwa kana kuendesa kune vasiri varwere kana chero ipi zvayo inotevera iripo:
- kusagadzikana kwepfungwa yemwoyo kana kuwedzerwa kweropa
- kuora kurasikirwa uye / kana kuramba kwezvokudya
- kusakwanisa kumira kushanda
- chikonzero chekutarisa kudya (kusanganisira kufudza tube )
- chikonzero chekutarisa kuti usapedza
- kusarapwa kwekusarudzwa pedyo neimba
- kuvapo kwezvikonzero zvekuzviuraya nehukuru hwekuuraya kana chinangwa
- kuvapo kwehumwe hutano hwepfungwa hunoda kutarisirwa
Residential
Munhu anopinda muhutano hwekugara anofanira kugara ane hutano hwakasimba kuitira kuti mvura inoputira uye tube feedings isingadiwi. Asi vangave vanoda ruzivo rwakakwirira rwekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa kwekudya nekudzivirira kwekuita muviri uye kuchenesa nekuda kwevarombo kuti vaite zvakanaka, kushungurudzika kwakanyanya, mamwe matambudziko epfungwa, uye / kana kusakwanisa kuzvidzora.
Partial Hospitalization
Nokuda kwehutano hwehutano, varwere vanofanira kunge vane mishonga yakagadzikana, asi inowanzoda sarudzo yekunze yekudya uye / kana kuwedzera uremu uye kudzivirira kuchenesa kana kushandisa. Vane humwe mano ekugadzirisa maitiro avo pachavo kwenguva pfupi uye usiku hwose uye / kana vane vamwe muhupenyu hwavo avo vanogona kupa zvimwe zvingatsigirwa uye sangano. Vanofanira kugara pedyo nenzvimbo yekurapa kuitira kuti vagone kufamba nekudzoka zuva nezuva.
Intensive Outpatient
Varwere muhutano hwakakura hwekurapa vanofanira kunge vane mishonga yakagadzikana uye vane chimwe chikonzero chekushanda pakugadzirisa. Vanofanira kugara-chikamu chikamu chenguva-vanogona kudya voga, vanodzivisa kuomesa muviri, uye kuderedza kunatswa. Vanobatsirwa nekuve nevamwe vakakwanisa kupa humwe hutano uye kutsigirwa mupfungwa uye kurarama zvakakwana zvakakwana pakurapa kudzoka shure uye dzimwe nguva pavhiki.
Outpatient
Varwere vari kunze kwekurapa vane mishonga yakagadzikana uye vanofanirwa kunge vane mafungiro akanaka. Vanogona kuchengetedza zvokudya zvavo pachavo pamwe nekuita zvekuita basa uye vanogona kuderedza zvikuru kuchenesa. Vane vamwe vanogona kugovera kutsigira mupfungwa uye kuronga uye kurarama pedyo nekurapa.
Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti Family Based Treatment for Adolescents inoshandura rubatsiro rwekutsigira nekugadzirisa uye kudya pamwe nevatapi vemishonga kuvabereki, uye nokudaro vanobvumira vechidiki vanogona kunge vari munzvimbo yekugara, PHP, kana kuti IOP mazinga ekuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa zvakanaka kumba vabereki .
Kudzoka rwendo uye varwere vazhinji vane zvinetso zvekudya vari mukurapa kuburikidza nemazinga akasiyana-siyana ekutarisira. Kudzokorora kwakakosha uye chikamu chekugadzirisa saka usaora mwoyo kana uchida kutora matanho mashomanana mushure mokufambira mberi zvakare.
> Kwakabva:
> American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines yekurapwa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa: kunyorwa 2006 . American Psychiatric Pub, 2006.