Nzira Iyo Imwe Purogiramu Inobatsira Vana Kuve Magamba Ezuva Nezuva
"Nyika inzvimbo ine ngozi, kwete nekuda kweavo vanoita zvinhu zvakaipa, asi nekuda kwevaya vanotarisa uye vasingaiti chinhu". -Albert Einstein
Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Philip Zimbardo , muvambi weHericic Imagination Project (HIP), anotenda kuti heroes inogona kudzidziswa uye yakagadzira chirongwa chakagadzirirwa kubatsira vana kudzidza kuva ma heroes. Vanhu vazhinji vanoziva Zimbardo semurume ari shure kwekuzivikanwa kwejeri reStanford , chidzidzo chakaratidza kuti vanhu vanonyanya kutungamirirwa sei nezvinetso zvemagariro evanhu.
Muchiedza, vatori vechikamu vakatora basa revarindi nevasungwa mune imwe nheyo-kusungwa kwejeri. Pakutanga yakarongedzerwa kupedza vhiki mbiri, chidzidzo chacho chaifanira kugumiswa mushure memazuva masere chete sezvo varindi vakava vatongi uye vachishungurudza uye vasungwa vakavhunduka uye vakaora mwoyo.
Nhasi, zvirongwa zveZIPardo zveHIP "zvakagadzirirwa kuisa muchizvarwa chezvino - uye mune ramangwana - pfungwa yekushinga kwete sechimwe chinhu chakachengeterwa vanhu vasingadikanwi vanoita kana kuti vanoita chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa, asi semafungiro kana mufambiro anokwanisa kune ani zvake ari anokwanisa kuita chiito chisingaenzaniswi. "
Kune vakawanda, izvi zvinogona kutinzwa semafungiro akazara. Mushure mezvose, kuratidzwa kwakakurumbira kwevarwi kakawanda kunotsanangura vanhu ava sekuve nechimwe chinhu icho munhu akawandisa haaiti. Maererano nemafungiro akafanana ehushingi, ava vane masimba ane unhu hunovabvumira kuti vasimuke panguva yakakodzera uye vanotaura ushingi hwavo pavanotarisana nenjodzi, njodzi, kana kushorwa.
Iyo inokosha. Hazviwanzoitiki. Zvichinyorwa, ivo "vanoberekwa naro."
Zimbardo anoratidza kuti izvi hazvisi zvechokwadi. "Takave takasungirirwa kwenguva yakareba nemafungiro aya asingazivikanwi nezvechigamba," anodaro. "Tinofunga kuti vane masimba vane madhimoni asi asi haasi. Hero inongova munhuwo zvake anoita chimwe chinhu chisingaiti.
Ndinotenda kuti tinogona kushandisa sayenzi kudzidzisa vanhu kuti vaite sei izvozvo. "
Zvipingamupinyi kuHeristism
Purogiramu yeHIP ine chekudzidza kwevhiki mana inotarisirwa kune vechidiki inotanga nevadzidzi vachitora hero hero. Kwemavhiki mana anotevera, vadzidzi vanodzidza nezvemafuro akaoma evanhu, kusanganisira kuedza kwekuteerera kwaMilgram (iyo inoratidza kuti vanhu vachaenda kure nekuteerera uye chiremera chiremera), kupararira uye kukanganisa kwekusarura , mabasa evanhu uye zvinotarisirwa, uye (umo vanhu vasingagoni kupa rubatsiro kune munhu anenge ari kuda kana vamwe varipo).
Kuvaka Tsitsi
Chikamu chechipiri chepurogiramu chinonyanya kubatsira kubatsira vadzidzi kukunda matambudziko aya nekuvaka tsitsi, kusanganisira kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwavo kwehutano hwechikonzero chakakosha chekupa mhosva , kana tsika yedu yekusaziva kuti mamiriro ekukomberedza nemamiriro ezvinhu anoita sei maitiro. Izvi zvakakosha, Zimbardo anotaura, nokuti chimwe chezvikonzero chikuru isu tinokundikana kubatsira vamwe vanhu ndechokuti tive netsika yekutenda kuti vanofanirwa nevari kuitika kwavari. Nokuita kuti vadzidzi vazive izvi, hazvisi nyore kuti 'vauye mhosva' uye zvinogona kutora matanho.
Kudzidza Magamba uye Kuzviisa Kuzviita
Kudzidza hupenyu uye nhau dzevane masimba masimba ndeimwe chikamu chinokosha chegurogiramu.
Mhando yevanhu chaivo-upenyu uye vanyori vanofananidzira kubva kuna Martin Luther King Jr. kuna Harry Potter vanoshumira semuenzaniso wehutano hwakanaka uye hwechigamba. Pakupedzisira, uye zvichida kunyanya kukosha, vadzidzi vanokumbirwa kuti vatange kuisa izvo zvavakadzidza munguva yegurogiramu yekushanda munyika chaiye. Kufanana nemhizha chero ipi zvayo, Zimbardo anotenda kuti heroes inotora tsika. Vagari vepurogiramu vanotanga zvishoma nekuita chimwe chinhu zuva rimwe nerimwe kubatsira mumwe munhu kunzwa zviri nani. Chinangwa ndechokuti idzi nhanho dzichashanda sebwe rinotsika kusvika muupenyu hwekubatsira maitiro.
Zvichida dambudziko guru mukudzidzisa hunyengeri huri mune maonero anozivikanwa ezvo chaizvo zvinoita gamba.
Kana iwe uchikumbira vanhu vakawanda mazuva ano kunyora mamwe ma heroes, mhinduro dzingangosanganisira mapikirwo emitambo yep pop sevatambi vezvidzidzo nevatambi. "Imwe yezvinetso nemitemo yedu ndeyokuti takatsiva ma heroes nevanozivikanwa," Zimbardo anoti. "Tinonamata vanhu vasina kuita chinhu, inguva yekudzoka zvakare kuisa pfungwa pazvinhu zvinokosha, nokuti tinoda vashandi chaivo kupfuura kare."
CHINOTEVERA: Ramba uchiverenga kuti udzidze zvakawanda pamusoro pehutano hweHeristism
References:
Allison, ST, & Goethals, GR (2011). Magamba: Zvavanoita uye nei tichivada . New York: Oxford University Press.
Becker, SW & Eagly, AH (2004). Ihu Hwakasimba hwevakadzi nevakadzi. Nyanzvi yepfungwa dzeAmerica, 59 (3), 163-178.
Buckley, C. (2007, Jan. 3). Munhu anonunurwa nemumwe mutorwa mumigwagwa yepasi. The New York Times. Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/03/nyregion/03life.html?_r=1&ex=1325480400&en=bfb239e4fab06ab5&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland
Farley, F. (2012, July 27). Ichokwadi maqamba e "The Dark Knight." Psychology Nhasi . Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://www.psychologytoday.com/collections/201208/true-heroes/the-real-heroes-dark-siku
Fletcher Stoeltje, M. (2007, Feb. 22). Masayendisiti anotsanangura kuti nei vamwe vanhu vachiva masimba. Chicago Tribune . Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2007-02-22/features/0702210348_1_wesley-autrey-altruism-two-heroes
Lehrer, J. (2010, Dec. 11). Ko ma heroes akaberekwa, kana anogona kuitwa here? The Wall Street Journal . Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704156304576003963233286324.html
Psychology uye heroism. (nd). Heroic Imagination Project. Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://heroicimagination.org/welcome/psychology-and-heroism/
Purogiramu yezvidzidzo. (nd). Heroic Imagination Project. Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://heroicimagination.org/education/
Zimbardo, P. (2011, Jan. 18). Chii chinoita gamba? Mukuru Zvakanaka: Sayenzi Yeupenyu Hune Chinangwa . Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/what_makes_a_hero