Matambudziko epfungwa anotaridzirwa maererano nehurumende yakabudiswa neAmerica Psychiatric Association inonzi Diagnostic uye Statistical Manual ye Mental Disorders . Kuongororwa pasi pechina yebhuku rino, iro raiwanzi kunzi se DSM-IV , raiva nezvikamu zvishanu, zvinonzi axes . Nhengo imwe neimwe yeiyo-multi-axial system yakapa rudzi rwakasiyana rwehupenyu pamusoro pekuongororwa.
Mhando dzeAxes A Different By Disorder
Axis Ini ndakapa ruzivo pamusoro pezvinetso zvemakiriniki. Chero mamiriro ezvinhu ehutano hwepfungwa, kunze kwehutano husina kunaka kana kukanganisa kwepfungwa , ingadai yakabatanidzwa pano. Kushungurudzika kwaizove kwakaderera pasi peyi tsvina kunosanganisira:
- Matambudziko Kazhinji Anowanikwa muMucheche, Kubwana kana Kuyaruka
- Delirium, Dementia uye Amnestic uye Zvimwe Kuziva Kuziva
- Kushungurudzika Kwepfungwa Nokuda Kwechirwere Chechirwere Chese
- Matambudziko Anokonzerwa Nezvinhu
- Schizophrenia uye Zvimwe Zvinetso zvePsychotic
- Matambudziko emafungiro
- Kuzvidya Mwoyo Matambudziko
- Somatoform Matambudziko
- Zvinokonzera Kushushikana
- Dissociative Disorders
- Zvinetso zvepabonde uye zvepabonde
- Kudya Matambudziko
- Matambudziko Okurara
- Kukanganisa-Kuzvidzora Kudzora Hakusi Zvimwe Zvichida
- Kugadziriswa Kunetseka
- Mamwe Mamiriro Ezvinhu Angangodaro Anofunga Nekunyatsotarisirwa
Axis II yakapa ruzivo pamusoro pekushushikana kwehupenyu uye kukanganisa kwepfungwa. Kushungurudzika kwaizove kwakaderera pasi peyi tsvina kunosanganisira:
- Paranoid Personality Disorder
- Schizoid Personality Disorder
- Schizotypal Personality Disorder
- Unhu hwehukama hwehutano
- Borderline Personality Disorder
- Histrionic Personality Disorder
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- Kudzivisa Unhu Hwekuvhiringidzika
- Kudzivirirwa Kwevanhu Kunetseka
- Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
- Unhu Hwehutano Hamwe Usingazivikanwi
- Kuchengeta Kwepfungwa
Axis III yakapa ruzivo nezvemhando ipi zvayo yehutano yakanga iripo iyo inogona kukanganisa chirwere chepfungwa kana hutungamiri.
Axis IV yakashandiswa kurondedzera pfungwa dzepfungwa uye zvakatipoteredza zvinokonzera munhu. Zviitiko izvo zvingave zvakaiswa pano ndezvi:
- Zvinetso neboka rekusimbisa rutsigiro
- Matambudziko akaenzana nehupenyu hwemagariro evanhu
- Zvinetso zvekudzidzisa
- Matambudziko emabasa
- Zvinetso zveimba
- Zvinetso zvemari
- Zvinetso nekutariswa kwehutano hwehutano
- Zvinetso zvakabatana nekubatana nemitemo yepamutemo / utsotsi
- Zvimwe zvinetso zvepfungwa uye zvezvakatipoteredza
Axis V yaiva yevhesi yepamusoro inonzi Global Assessment of Functioning; iyo GAF yakabva kubva kune 0 kusvika kune zana uye yakapa nzira yokupfupisa nhamba imwe chete kuti munhu wacho aishanda sei zvakakwana. Mutsara wakazara wechiyero ichi ungadai uri weizvi:
100: Hapana zviratidzo
90: Zviratidzo zvishoma zvine maitiro akanaka
80: Zviratidzo zvisinganzwisisiki izvo zvinotarisirwa kugadziriswa kune zvepfungwa dzepfungwa
70: Zviratidzo zvishoma kana zvimwe zvinetso mumagariro evanhu kana kushanda kuchikoro
60: Zviratidzo zvemazuva ano kana kuoma kwakakwana mumagariro evanhu, kushanda kana kuchikoro kushanda
50: Zviratidzo zvakakomba kana kukanganisa kwakakomba mune zvemagariro evanhu kana kuchikoro kushanda
40: Chimwe chiremera muchokwadi kuedza kana kukurukurirana kana kukanganisa kukuru munzvimbo dzakawanda dzakadai semabasa kana chikoro, ukama hwemhuri, kutonga, kufunga kana mafungiro
30: Maitiro anonyanya kukanganiswa nekunyengedza kana kukanganisa kana kukanganisa kwakanyanya mukukurukurirana kana kutonga kana kusakwanisa kushanda munenge munharaunda dzose
20: Dzimwe njodzi yekukuvadza iwe kana vamwe kana dzimwe nguva inokundikana kuchengetedza hutano husina kunaka kana kuora mwoyo kwakakomba mukukurukurirana
10: Kuramba uine njodzi yekuzvikuvadza iwe pachako kana vamwe kana kuramba uchikwanisa kuchengetedza hutano husina kunaka kana kuti kuzviuraya zvakakomba kuita nemaonero akajeka ekufa
Apo shanduro yechishanu, DSM-5, yakagadziriswa, yakagadzirirwa kuti kwakanga kusina chikonzero chesayenzi chekuparadzanisa zvinetso nenzira iyi, saka iyo-multi-axial system yakabviswa. Pane kudaro, itsva iyo isiri-axial diagnosis inobatanidza iyo yaimbova Axes 1, II na3 uye inosanganisira zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehuwandu hwemashoko angadai akawira muAxes IV uye V.
> Sources:
> American Psychiatric Association. Kuongororwa uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders . 4th edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
> Kress, Victoria E. et. al. "Kubviswa kwe Multiaxial System muDMM-5 : Maitiro uye Maitiro Okupa mazano kune Vakuru." The Professional Counselor . National Board for Certified Counselors and Affiliates, Inc. Yakabudiswa: July 2014.