Kunyange zvazvo vabereki vakawanda vakanyanyogunun'una nezvezvinodhaka zvisina kukodzera zvakadai semambanje , cocaine , uye LSD, vanowanzoregeredza njodzi dzinowanikwa kuvana vavo kubva kune zvinhu zvinowanikwa mumhuri zvinenge zvisingagadziriswi zvinogadziriswa kana kuti zviputi.
Muitiro we "kunyorera glue" wakagara uripo kwezvizvarwa, asi vabereki vakawanda havatombofungi kuti mwana wavo aizotora chikamu mune chimwe chinhu chakajeka zvikuru. Zvinosuruvarisa, vana vakawanda vanoita.
Mishonga yakadai seyeil polish remover, lighter fluid, spray paints, deodorant uye vhudzi rinoputika, makisikiti akaomeswa mumakinheni, uye mvura yekuchenesa inowanika uye inowanikwa nyore. Vechidiki vakawanda vanoita mhepo inobva kune idzi zvinyorwa mukutsva kudhakwa nekukurumidza pasina kuziva nezvehutano hwemigumisiro inogona kuitika.
Ichokwadi kuti vana havasi ivo voga vanovhiringidzika. Ndiyo yakaderera kune vanhu vakuru vasingakwanisi kutenga mari yemishonga isina kukodzera mumugwagwa.
1 - Ndezvipi Zvisizvo?
Inhalants zvinhu, izvo zvinowanzowanikwa muzvigadzirwa zvemhuri zvakafanana, izvo zvinokonzera mhepo yemakemikari inogona kuvhiringidzwa kuti iwedzere. Kunyorera mhepo iyi inopa munhu wacho pfungwa inochinja-chinja.
Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kuvhiringidzwa, asi patinotarisa kune zvinyorwa, tiri kutaura nezveboka rezvinhu izvo zvisingatori kutorwa neimwe nzira kunze kwekuvanyengedza.
Maererano neNational Institute on Drug Abuse, kune zvikamu zvina zvakanyanya zvezvipembenene zvinowanikwa mune imwe imba, maindasitiri kana mishonga yezvokurapa. Zvinosanganisira: zvinokonzera zvinokonzera, zvinotyisa, magasi, uye nitrites.
Kutevera ndezvenhau pamusoro peboka rimwe nerimwe rekuti:
Dzakachena Solvents
Mvura iyo inopisa mukati mekushisa kwemazimbe inozivikanwa semhepo inopisa. Dzinowanikwa mune zvigadzirwa zvinotevera:
- Paint thinners uye vanobvisa
- Degreasers
- Gasoline
- Glues
- Dhiya-kuchenesa mvura
- Manzwiro ezvinyorwa
- Kururamisa mvura
Aerosols
Aerosols ndiwo makemikari emakemikari ane zvinokonzera kana zvinokonzera kana zvose. Dzinosanganisira:
- Tsvina pepa
- Zvishongo zvidziviriri zvinyoro
- Zvinyunyuti zvinosvibisa
- Mvere nyoro
- Cooking sprays
Gasi
Gasi dzinogona kushungurudzwa sezvinonzi inhalants dzinosanganisira kurapa anesthetics uye magasi anowanikwa mune imwe imba kana zvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi. Zvimwe zvezvi zvinosanganisira:
- Ether
- Chloroform
- Halothane
- Nitrous oxide (gasi rinoseka)
- Butane lighters
- Propane tanks
- Refrigerants
Izvo zviri pamusoro apa zvitatu zvehutachiona zvinoshandisa purogiramu yepamusoro yenheyo uye inopa mushandisi mafungiro emagetsi, zvichida kugadzirisa pfungwa kana kuchinja mafungiro kana zvose. Nitrites, kune rumwe rutivi, inopinda mumuviri zvakasiyana.
Nitrites
Nitrites inonyanya kushanda nekuderedza mitsetse yeropa uye kusununguka kwemisungo. Vanoshungurudzwa kunyanya sevanokurudzira zvepabonde uye saka vanoonekwa mune rimwe kirasi yezvinyorwa.
Anozivikanwa sevappers kana snappers, nitrit inhalants inosanganisira:
- Cyclohexyl nitrite
- Isoamyl (amyl) nitrite
- Isobutyl (butyl) nitrite
Imwe inorayirwa nemarwadzo emwoyo, nitrites ikozvino inorambidzwa neV Consumer Product Safety Commission. Vanogona kuwanika pamusika, zvisinei, vakatengesa sezvigadzirwa zvakanyorwa: "vhidhiyo musoro tsvina," "nzvimbo yekunakidza," "ganda rakachena," kana kuti "chinonhuwira chemvura."
2 - Ndeapi Mienzaniso Yekusagadzikana?
Nemhaka yekuwanika kwavo mumishonga inowanikwa mumhuri, inhalants inowanzotanga mishonga inoshandiswa nevana vaduku. Ichokwadi, inhalants inoshandiswa zvizhinji nevana vaduku kudarika nekukwegura kwevechiri kuyaruka.
Kunyange zvazvo vana ndivo vanonyanya kushungurudza, kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kunogona kuva kusingaperi uye kunopera kuva munhu mukuru. Asi kazhinji, National Institute inodhaka kushandiswa kwekushandisa zvinodhaka inoratidza kuti kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kunowedzera panguva ye7 kusvika ku9 yechikoro.
Peaks mu 8th Grade
Dhiyabhorosi kubva kuNIDA-inobhadhara mari inotsvaga inoratidza zviratidzo zvinotevera zvekushandisa zvisina kunaka:
- IAmerican Drug uye Alcohol Survey yevana mu 4th kusvika 12th grade inoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwechisimba kunonyanya kuitika mu grade 8.
- Kuongorora Kwemangwana Kudzidza kwema 8, 10 uye 12-graders kunoratidza huwandu hwakanyanya hwokushungurudzwa kwema 8th graders kupfuura vana vari kumakoro makuru.
Vasikana Vanoshatisa Inhalants, Too
Imwe tsvakurudzo inoratidza maitiro ehutano hwakasiyana mune kushandiswa kwezvinyorwa. Vakomana ndivo vanowanzoshandisa zvisina kunaka mumakoroji 4 kusvika ku6 uyewo mapeji 10 kusvika ku12, asi vakomana nevanasikana vari mumakoro 7 kusvika ku9 vane matanho akafanana ekusavhiringidza.
Sangano reNational Household Survey pamusoro pezvinodhaka zvekushandisa zvinodhaka (NHSDA) rakaratidzawo maitiro akadaro ekutsvaira zvisina kunaka kwevarume nevanasikana muzera rechi12 kusvika kune rechi17, asi nokuda kwemakore gumi nemazana makumi mapfumbamwe nemazana maviri nemashanu, mukana wekushungurudzwa kwevarume kwevakadzi kwakapetwa kaviri kwevakadzi .
Kutadza kushandiswa kunowanika mune zvemadhorobha uye kumaruwa rwechidiki uye mamiriro ezvinhu ehupfumi hwevanhu hunoita seanokosha zvakakonzera kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kudarika rudzi kana tsika, NIDA inoshuma. Zviitiko zvakabatanidzana nekuwedzera kushandiswa zvisina kufanira zvinosanganisira urombo, mashoma mashoma, kusiya chikoro uye nhoroondo yekushungurudzwa kwevana.
3 - Chii Chinonzi Kuwanda Kwekusavhiringidza?
Kuenzaniswa nemishonga yakaremara yakawanda, inhalants inoshungurudzwa nechepakati pezana yevanhu, asi kushandiswa kwavo kunokosha pakati pevana vaduku.
Muna 2010, paive nekufungidzirwa 793 000 vashandisi vatsva vemazana emwedzi 12 yapfuura pakati pevanhu vanopfuura makore gumi nemaviri. Paya vashandisi venguva yekutanga, vanopfuura maviri-vatatu (68.4%) vaiva pasi pemakore 18, maererano neNational Kuongorora nezvekushandisa zvinodhaka uye utano (NSDUH).
Sangano reNational Institute on Drug Abuse's 2011 Kuongorora Kwemangwana Ongororo inopupurira kuti vana vaduku (8th graders) vanoshandisa inhalants kupfuura vana vakwegura (10 uye 12th graders), asi kunyanya kushandiswa kwemaitiro kwakaderera zvikuru kubva kuma 1990.
Uyezve, nhamba inobva ku National Capital Poison Center inoratidza kuti zvisingatauri zvichitaurirwa kuhutu hwekudzivirira nzvimbo muUnited States dziri pasi 33% kubva muna 1993 kusvika muna 2008. Hurongwa hwehutachiona huripo hunoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwechisimba kunowanzopararira pakati pemakore 12 kusvika ku17- vakwegura, vane nhepfenyuro yemakore 14.
Kuongorora Kwemangwana Dhepfenyuro inoratidza zvakare kuti nyika yePanisheji yechitanhatu neyegumi nematatu ine yepamusoro yehutachiona hwekushandisa zvisina kunaka, kana ichienzaniswa nechena uye nyeredzi 8th-graders.
Muchikamu chemakore gumi nemasere, 8,6% yevasikana vanoshuma vachishandisa majekiseni kana vachienzaniswa ne55% yevakomana, maererano neElling the Future research.
4 - Inhalants Inoshandiswa Sei?
Inhalants inofuridzirwa kuburikidza nemhino kana muromo uye inokurumidza kupinda muropa remvura kuburikidza nemapapu zvichikonzera nguva inenge yakakwirira.
Mimwe nzira iyo inhalants inoshandiswa inosanganisira:
Kunyunyuta kana kunonotsa mhepo inobva kune inhalant containers.
Kupera mapepa anopinza zvakananga mumhino kana mumuromo.
Kuisa zvipfeko ndiyo tsika yekugunura mafesi kubva pamakemikari akaputirwa kana kuiswa mupurasitiki kana pepa.
Kushushikana kubva kumucheka wakakonzerwa mune zvinyorwa uye zvakabatwa kumeso kana kuti zvakaputirwa mumuromo.
Inhaling kubva kumabhaloni akazadzwa ne nitrous oxide.
Hapana Nzira yekushandisa Yakachengeteka
Imwe nzira iyo inoshandiswa kurira inhalants yakagadzirirwa zvakananga kuedza kuvhara basa racho.
Dzimwe nguva vashandisi vanoisa zvinyorwa pamakoleni kana sleeve yemashira avo, kana pane zvimwe zvinhu zvekupfeka kuitira kuti vagone kupinza mafesi muchikoro kana kubasa.
Iyo inhalants inowanikwa mumakango e soda uye inhaled kubva kune chinga. Kana kuti inoshandiswa mubhokisi. Dzimwe nguva ivo vanopfigirwa mukati mushure. Zvimwe zvikoro zvekuchikoro zvakadai sekururamisa mvura kana manzwiro-mapikisi mapikisi zvinogona kuvhiringidzika, zvichiita kuti kushandiswa kwavo kuve nyore kuvanza sechinyakare kushandiswa kuchikoro kana kubasa.
Hapana imwe yenzira idzi dzakachengeteka. Kuisa inhalants mumidziyo yakadai semidziyo ye soda, plastiki kana mapepa emapuranga inogona kuwedzera mhepo. Gore roga roga vana vakawanda vanofa nekushungurudzwa kana kusangana nematambudziko makuru ehutano kusanganisira kukuvadza kwehuropi hunogara, kurasikirwa kwehutachiona, nekuparadza kwemoyo, ropa, tsvete, chiropa, uye marora.
Mitsva Pfupi Migumisiro Inogona Kuva Nengozi Kwazvo
Pasinei nokuti ndeipi nzira iri pamusoro apa inoshandiswa, inhalants inounza zvinodhaka mukati memasekondi ekudzivirira. Vashandi vanogona kuve nokutaura kusinganzwisisiki, kushamwaridzana kwemasangano, euphoria, dutu, kuchena kwemavara, kukanganisa nekunyengedza.
Chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvekushungurudzwa kunonyanya kuitika pakuti iyo yakakwirira inongogumira kwemaminetsi mashomanana, zvichiita kuti vashandisi varambe vachinyora kuedza kuchengeta manzwiro. Kana zvakadzokororwa zvakare, kusveta kunogona kukonzera kurasika kwekuziva uye zvichida rufu.
Vashandi vanogona kutaura vanonzwa vasina kudzivirirwa uye vashoma mukutonga. Vashandi vane simba vanozonzwa vakarara kwemaawa akawanda mushure mokunge vachinzwa misoro.
5 - Inhalants Inounza Sei Migumisiro Yayo?
Masayendisiti anotenda kuti dzakawanda dzinopinda maitiro akasiyana-siyana europi kuti abudise manzwiro avo, kunwisa uye kusimbisa zvinokonzera.
Zvichienderana nekemikemikari iri kuumbwa, migumisiro inogona kusiyana-siyana-vamwe vanoita seinosimudzira, asi vamwe vanoita sevanodzvinyirira.
Apo dzimwe mishonga inoputika, iyo inogona kutanga kuita seinosimudzira, asi semigumisiro iyo iri kure, pfungwa dzomunhu dzinogona kuora mwoyo.
Zvose zvinowanzoita zvinonakidza nekudzvinyirira hurongwa hwemushandisi wepamusoro. Izvo zvakasiyana ndeyitrites, iyo inoderedza uye inonatsa mitsipa yeropa panzvimbo yekuita senyanzvi yemagetsi.
Migumisiro Yega Inopedza Maminitsi Mishomanana
Iko "yakakwirira" inoshandiswa nevashandisi inopedzisira ichitsvaga, inowanzogara kwenguva shomanana. Dzimwe nguva izvi zvinokonzera kushandiswa kwekushandisa, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti vashandise kana kuti vasvike. Vamwe vane dambudziko kufamba.
Vashandi vanowanzodzoka vanogona kuva vechisimba kana kutanga kumira kana kuti vanogona kupfuudza kana kufa semugumisiro.
Maererano neNational Institute on Drug Abuse, kutsvakurudza nemhuka kunoratidza kuti dzakawanda zvinokonzerwa neurobehavioral nemigumisiro yezviito kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakaderedza hutachiona hwehurumende, kusanganisira doro , sedative uye anesthetics.
Chimwe chidzidzo chezvipfuwo chakaratidza kuti kubvongodza, chinhu chinowanikwa mune zvakawanda muhutu hwekushungurudzwa, kunobatsira dopamine system muuropi nenzira dzakafanana kune dzimwe dzose zvinodhaka zvekushungurudzwa.
6 - Ndeipi Migumisiro Yenguva Pfupi uye Yenguva refu Yekusashandiswa Kwemavara?
Kushandiswa kwemukati kunogona kubudisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzerwa nemushandisi inotanga mumaminitsi mashure mushure mokunge chinhu ichi chakafuridzirwa kumapapu.
Pakutanga, migumisiro yekugadzirisa uye gesi inhalants inogona kutevedzera doro nekudhakwa kunokurumidza kuteverwa nehope, kuchena, kuvhara, uye kushungurudzika. Nekudzivirirwa kwezvizhinji zvezvipembenene izvi zvinogona kubudisa anesthesia uye zvinotungamirira kushaiwa ruzivo.
Mhedziso Yenguva Pfupi
Zvichienderana nemhando yekusarudzwa kana gesi, inhalants inogona kuwedzera mamwe maitiro, ayo anogona kusanganisira:
- Belligerence
- Kusateerera
- Kutambura kushanda
- Kutadza kutongwa
- Nausea uye kurutsa
- Chizutu
- Kukurova
- Slurred speech
- Lethargy
- Mafungiro akaora mwoyo
- Utsi husina simba
- Stupor
- Headache
- Euphoria
- Kusakwanisa kurongedza kufamba
Dhigirii yepamusoro yezvinyorwa zvinogona kuguma nokuvhiringidzika kana kuti kusununguka.
Migumisiro yeNitrites
Kusiyana nemagetsi nemagesi, nitrites inoshanda nekuderedza midziyo yeropa nekudzikinura mushure unotapira mumidziyo. Mhedziso dzenguva pfupi dze nitrites dzinosanganisira:
- Kufara
- Kunzwa kupisa
- Flush kunzwa
- Chizutu
- Headache
Migumisiro Yenguva refu Yezvinyorwa
Zvichienderana nekemikemikari iri kuumbwa, inhalants inogona kubudisa yakawanda yakawanda kwenguva yakaipa inokuvadza. Nguva dzose kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kunogona kukonzera kukuvadza nhengo dzomuviri dzinokosha. Mimwe yemigumisiro iyi inogona kugadziriswa - kusanganisira chiropa uye zvinetso zvepvo.
Asi dzimwe nguva kwenguva refu zvinokonzerwa nekushungurudzwa kusingabvumirwi, kusanganisira kukanganisa kwehupfungwa, hutachiona hwehutano hunokanganisa, kurasikirwa kwekunzwa, kuputika kwemakumbo uye kuora kwemarongo.
Kukudziridza Kushivirira kuNyika
Mushure mekushandisa kwenguva yakawanda yezvinonzi inhalants, vanoshungurudza vanotaura chido chakasimba chokuramba vachichishandisa. Vamwe vashandisi vanokurudzira kushivirira uye vanofanira kuwedzera muwandu kushandiswa kuzadzisa zvakafanana. Nekushungurudzwa kwenguva refu, vashandisi vanogona kukudziridza kushandiswa kwekunyanya kushandiswa kwezvinyorwa uye vanogona kuwana hutachiona hwekudzivirira hutachiona .
Maererano neNational Institute on Drug Abuse, tsvakurudzo inoratidza kuti vashandisi vese vanotanga kushandisa kusvuta, doro uye nezvose zvinodhaka pamakore vaduku kupfuura avo vasina kushandisa inhalants.
Uyezve, vashandisi vekare vangave vangave vachida kushandiswa kwemishonga yekushandisa zvinodhaka , kusanganisira kushandiswa kwemishonga yemishonga, pane kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvinodhaka pasina nhoroondo yekushandisa inhalants.
7 - Ndezvipi Migumisiro Yechirwere yekusagadzikana?
Nokuti kune zvinhu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana siyana zvinoshandiswa zvisina kufanira sezvinenge zvisingabatsiri, vashandisi vanogona kuisa pangozi rurefu rukuru rwemigumisiro yakakomba yemishonga. Kushungurudzwa kwezvimwe zvinyorwa zvinogona kukonzera kufa kamwe kamwe kana mushure mokunge wanyatsopindira.
"Kamwe kamwe-kamwe kunopfa rufu" kunogona kuitika kune vamwe vashandi vechidiki vane hutano kuburikidza nekuderedza mafungiro emwoyo asinganzwisisiki uye anokurumidza anogona kutungamirira kumwoyo kusungwa. Izvi zvinogona kuitika mukati memaminitsi emusangano wekunyora kwenguva refu, maererano neNational Institute on Drug Abuse research.
Anofungidzirwa kufa kwe100-200 pagore muUnited States inhalant yakabatana.
Zvimwe Njodzi Dzinouraya
Kune dzimwe nzira dzokuti kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kunogona kuuraya, kusanganisira:
- Kufuridzira: Inhaled fumes inogona kuisa mumapapu, kutora oksijeni inodiwa.
- Kushungurudza: Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana musikana ari kuteterera kubva pabhokisi repurasitiki rakaiswa pamusoro pemusoro.
- Kushungurudzika kana Kugunun'una : Inhalants inogona kuita kuti magetsi asapere muuropi.
- Coma: Kuchema kunogona kukonzera uropi kupfigira zvese mabasa ayo.
- Choking: Vanyengeri vakafa kuburikidza nekugunun'una mararamiro avo mushure mokunge vanyorova.
- Kufa Kuuraya: Kudhakwa kubva mune inhalants kunogona kukonzera njodzi dzinouraya.
Yakawanda Inhalant Inotyisa
NIDA tsvakurudzo inoratidza kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa sezvinonzi inhalants zvakanyanya kutyisa uye kusununguka kwenguva refu kwavari zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kuuropi uye nervous system. Zvinhu zviviri zvakadai-toluene uye naphthalene-zvinogona kukonzera kukuvadza kwehutachiona hwehutano muuropi uye purogiramu yenheyo yenheyo yakafanana nekuparadzwa kunowanikwa ne multiple sclerosis.
Kuramba kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwenguva refu kunogona kukuvadza nzvimbo dzehuropi dzinodzora cognition, kufamba, kuona uye kunzwa. Vashandi venguva refu vanokwanisa kuona kusagadzikana kwepfungwa kunokonzerwa nokuora mwoyo kwakanyanya kusvika pakuora mwoyo kukuru, maererano neNIDA.
Uropi haisi yega yega inogona kukuvara. Inhalants yakawanikwa yakanyanyisa zvikuru kumwoyo, mapapu, chiropa neitsvo. Kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zvekuvhiringidza uku zvisinganyatsogadziriswa, kana vashandi vanorega kushandisa zvisina kufanira inhalants, zvimwe zviitiko hazvigoneki.
Kufungidzira Paunenge Uchine Mimba
NIDA tsvakurudzo inoratidza kuti kushandiswa zvisina kufanira panguva yekubata kunogona kukonzera kuderedzwa kwezvisikwa zvishoma, dzimwe nguva skeletal kusagadzikana, uye kunonoka kuve neurobehavioral kune zvimwe zviitiko.
Zvidzidzo zvekwakaitika zvakaratidza kuti vana vevakadzi vakashandisa zvisina kufanira muhutano panguva yekuzvitakura vakanga vasina kukura. Kutsvakurudza hakuna, zvisinei, kwakabatanidza chero zviratidzo zvekuberekwa kwakakwana kana matambudziko okukura.
8 - Ndeapi njodzi inokosha yevanoparadza vaNitrite?
Ngozi dzekushandisa zvisina kufanira nitrites, inozivikanwa se "poppers," inobva pakusununguka kune iyo pachake pachayo uye kubva kune maitiro anoshandiswa nekushandiswa kwemishonga.
Maziviro emigumisiro yemasikirwo asingashandisi ye nitrit inhalants anosanganisira ganda uye tracheobronchial irritation; acute toxicity yakagadziriswa nemamiriro ezvinhu anozivikanwa se hypokinetic anoxia uye methemoglobinemia; uye kusangana kwakasiyana-siyana kweropa uye nhengo dzekuita ropa.
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, nitrites inoshandiswa nevechiri kuyaruka uye vanhu vakuru mukuedza kusimbisa zvepabonde basa uye kufara. Nekudaro, kushandiswa kwemishonga iyi kunobatanidzwa kune unhu husina kunaka hwepabonde iyo inogona kuwedzera zvikuru njodzi yekugadzira uye kuparadzira zvirwere zvinotapukira, zvakadai seHIV / AIDS uye hepatitis.
Uyezve, zvidzidzo zvemhuka zvakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kwe nitrites kunovhiringidza masero mumagadzirirwo emusikirwo emushandisi uye kunokanganisa nzira dzomuviri dzekurwisa zvirwere zvinotapukira. Nokudaro, vatsvakurudzi vakagumisa kuti kushandiswa kweitrijini kunogona kubatanidzwa nekukudziridza nekufambira mberi kwezvirwere zvinotapukira uye mishonga.
Chimwe chidzidzo chezvipfuwo chakawana kuti kunyange nhamba shomanana yekudzivirirwa kune asiyl nitrite inokonzera kukura kunoshamisa mukukura kwechirwere nekukura.
9 - Chii Chinonzi Kuwanda Kwekusavhiringidza?
Kuenzaniswa nemishonga yakaremara yakawanda, inhalants inoshungurudzwa nechepakati pezana yevanhu, asi kushandiswa kwavo kunokosha pakati pevana vaduku.
Muna 2010, paive nekufungidzirwa 793 000 vashandisi vatsva vemazana emwedzi 12 yapfuura pakati pevanhu vanopfuura makore gumi nemaviri. Paya vashandisi venguva yekutanga, vanopfuura maviri-vatatu (68.4%) vaiva pasi pemakore 18, maererano neNational Kuongorora nezvekushandisa zvinodhaka uye utano (NSDUH).
Sangano reNational Institute on Drug Abuse's 2011 Kuongorora Kwemangwana Ongororo inopupurira kuti vana vaduku (8th graders) vanoshandisa inhalants kupfuura vana vakwegura (10 uye 12th graders), asi kunyanya kushandiswa kwemaitiro kwakaderera zvikuru kubva kuma 1990.
Uyezve, nhamba inobva ku National Capital Poison Center inoratidza kuti zvisingatauri zvichitaurirwa kuhutu hwekudzivirira nzvimbo muUnited States dziri pasi 33% kubva muna 1993 kusvika muna 2008. Hurongwa hwehutachiona huripo hunoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwechisimba kunowanzopararira pakati pemakore 12 kusvika ku17- vakwegura, vane nhepfenyuro yemakore 14.
Kuongorora Kwemangwana Dhepfenyuro inoratidza zvakare kuti nyika yePanisheji yechitanhatu neyegumi nematatu ine yepamusoro yehutachiona hwekushandisa zvisina kunaka, kana ichienzaniswa nechena uye nyeredzi 8th-graders.
Muchikamu chemakore gumi nemasere, 8,6% yevasikana vanoshuma vachishandisa majekiseni kana vachienzaniswa ne55% yevakomana, maererano neElling the Future research.
10 - Vasikana Vanobatanidzwa MuHuffing Inhalants?
Chaizvoizvo, chikamu chepamusoro chevasikana kupfuura vakomana vanoshandisa zvisina kufanira, uye vanozivikanwa sekunyepedzera, maererano nehuwandu hwehurumende huwandu. Inofungidzirwa kuti mamiriyoni 1,1 vana vari pakati pemakore gumi nemana nemakumi maviri nemashanu vanoshandisa mazamu ekukwirira uye nepamusoro yezana yevasikana kupfuura vakomana vari kutengesa zvinhu zveimba, uye vanotanga vaduku kudarika varume vavo. Muna 2005, inenge 5% yevasikana vakashandisa inhalants mugore rapfuura, asi 4.2% yevakomana vakarondedzera huffing.
> Sources:
> Kubatana kweVatengi Dzidzo. "." Inhalant Abuse Prevention
> Sangano reVashandi vekushandisa. Njodzi & Migumisiro Inhalant Abuse Prevention
> National Institute on Drug Abuse. "Inhalants." Research Report Series Nyaya yakapedzwa muna July 2012
> The Partnership paDrugFree.org. "Inhalants." Zvinodhaka Zvinodhaka .
> Consumer US Product Safety Commission. "Vabereki Vanotungamirira Mukudzivirira Kusina Kunyorerwa Kushandiswa" Kuchengetedzwa Kunotungamirira
> US National Library yemishonga. "Nezvinyorwa." Paediatrics & Child Health February 2002.
> Yunivhesiti yeMadley Center Centre yeDambudziko Rokutsvaga Tsvakurudzo. "Inhalants." Drug Information
> Wood, R. "The Acute Toxicity of Nitrite Inhalants" NIDA Research Monograph Series 1988.