Kushandisa zvinodhaka zvinogona kungorondedzerwa semuenzaniso wekushandisa zvinokuvadza chero ipi zvayo yezvinhu zvinoshandura mafungiro. "Zvinhu" zvinogona kusanganisira doro uye mamwe madhiragi (asingabvumirwi nemutemo kana kwete) pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvisiri mishonga zvachose.
"Kushungurudza" kunogona kuguma nokuti uri kushandisa chinhu nenzira isingaiti kana kuti yakakurudzirwa, kana kuti nokuti uri kushandisa zvinopfuura zvinorehwa.
Kuti zvive zvakajeka, mumwe munhu anogona kushandisa zvinhu uye asingambopindwa muropa kana kuti ane dambudziko rekushandisa, sezvinotsanangurwa muDaagnostic uye Statistical Manual 5 (DSM 5).
Kushandisa Kwakakosha Chii?
Utano hwehutano hunofunga kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakadai sekuyambuka mutsara mukushandisa zvinodhaka kana kushandiswa kudzokorora kunokonzera kusakosha kukuru, kwakadai se:
- Nhau dzehutano
- Kuremara
- Kusakwanisa kusangana nemabasa
- Dambudziko rekutadza
- Inoshandisa njodzi
- Matambudziko evanhu
Mune mamwe mazwi, kana iwe unwa zvakakwana kuwana hangovers; shandisa madhiragi akakwana iwe unosuwa basa kana chikoro; tsvina zvakakwana marijuja yawakarasa shamwari; kana kunwa kana kushandisa zvinopfuura zvaunenge uchida kushandisa, kushandisa kwako zvinhu zvinogona kunge zviri pakushungurudza.
Zvisinei, huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa zvinodhaka munharaunda yanhasi hazvisi nyore.
Dambudziko reMishonga Inodhaka
Kazhinji, apo vanhu vazhinji vachitaura nezvekushandisa zvinodhaka, vari kureva kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvisina kukodzera. Vazhinji vadzidzisi mumunda wekushandisa zvinodhaka kushandiswa kwekushandisa zvinopesana kuti chero kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvisina kukodzera ndekutsanangura kushatiswa .
Zvinodhaka zvisina kukodzera zvinodhaka zvinopfuura kungoshandura mafungiro ako. Vanogona kupedza kutonga kwako, kukanganisa mafungiro ako, uye kuchinja maitiro ako nguva, zvose zvingakuisa pangozi yepakuvadza nekukuvara. Iyi mishonga yakave isina kubvumirwa pamutemo pakutanga nokuti inogona kukanganisa kana inogona kukonzera kusanyanya kunaka kwehutano .
Chero kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisiri pamutemo kunonzi kunotyisa uye, naizvozvo, kushungurudza.
Kushandiswa Kwekuvaraidza: Ndikushandisa Kushandisa Dambudziko Here?
Vamwe vanopikisa kuti kushamwaridzana, kushandiswa kwekunakidzwa kwemimwe mishonga hakukuvadzi uye kunongoshandisa, kusashandisa zvisina kunaka. Kunyanya kunzwika kwevatsigiri veshanduro yekushandisa zvinodhaka ndevaya vanosvuta mbanje. Vanopikisa kuti mbanje haisi kudhakwa uye ine unhu huzhinji hunobatsira, kusiyana ne "zvinonetsa" zvinodhaka.
Asi kutsvakurudza kwemazuva ano kwakaratidza kuti kunyange mbanje inogona kuva nezvimwe zvinokuvadza mumuviri, mupfungwa, uye mupfungwa zvepfungwa pane kutanga kutenda. Gore roga roga, zvidzidzo zvesayenzi zvitsva zvinowana nzira dzakawanda dzinoshandiswa kwenguva refu neshuga inokuvadza hutano hwako.
Mukuwedzera, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) inoshuma kuti vashandi vebambanje vanogona kunge vakazvidzivirira mupfungwa, saka vanodhakwa. NIDA inofungidzira kuti mumwe wevanomwe vanoshandisa mbanje anovimbiswa.
MuUnited States, zvinodhaka zvinowanzoshungurudzwa zvepamutemo, mukuronga, ndezvi:
- Marijuana
- Methamphetamine
- Cocaine
- Hallucinogens
- Ecstasy kana Molly
- Heroin
Izvi zvinopa ruzivo rwezvezhinji-kazhinji-zvinodhaka zvinodhaka, maitiro avakashandiswa, mazita avo emugwagwa, uye zvinodhaka zvehutano nehutano :
Zvimwe Zvimwe Zvinoshungurudzwa: Vamwe Havasi Zvinodhaka Kwavose
Doro, mishonga yepamusoro, uye kupfuura-the-counter mishonga, inhalants uye solvents, uye kunyange ikhofi nemidzanga zvinogona kushandiswa pakuwedzera kuderedza.
Muzvokwadi, vana vazhinji vanotanga kusangana nekushandisa zvinodhaka nekushandisa zvinodhaka, nekuda kwekuti zvinowanika mune zvakawanda zvinowanikwa mumhuri uye, saka, zvinowanika nyore.
Mune tsika yanhasi, isu iye zvino tine " mapiritsi emishonga " uye zvinogadzirwa nemishonga, zvakadai sefake cocaine ( bath salt ) uye inogadzirwa mbanje , iyo inogona kunge isati yave isina mvumo, asi inogona kushandiswa zvisina kunaka uye inogona kuva yakanyanya kuipa.
Kunewo zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa zvisina hutsika-kuchinja kana kudhakwa, zvakadai sevanabolic steroids . Kushandiswa kwevanabolic steroids kuwedzera kushanda kana kukudziridza musimba uye simba rinoshungurudza nekuda kwemigumisiro yakaipa yekushandiswa kwavo, iyo inogona kubva pane zvinongotyisa kune kutyisidzira upenyu kune dzimwe nguva.
Kana iyo inogona kukonzera kukuvadza, kunyange munguva refu, iri kushandisa zvinodhaka.
Nhoroondo, inenge chero ipi zvayo inogona kushandiswa zvisina kunaka.
Hongu, Doro Ndirapa
Doro ndechekuti, kune mutemo kune vanhu vakuru vanopfuura makore makumi maviri nemaviri muUnited States, uye hapana "chakashata" nekunwa zvidhakwa neshamwari kana kuti kusunungura pane imwe nguva. Asi, hazvirevi doro rakawanda kuti uwane dambudziko rinodhaka rekunwa , uye iyo ndiyo apo kushandiswa kwedoro kunogona kushandiswa kudhakwa doro.
Kunwa zvishanu kana kupfuura zvevarume (zvina kuvakadzi) mune imwe yega zvakagara zvakatarwa kunwa doro, izvo zvingava zvinokuvadza kuhutano hwako hwepanyama nemagariro nenzira dzakasiyana siyana. Kana iwe pane dzimwe nguva uchiita kunwa doro, doro rako rinoshandiswa rinoreva tsvina yekudhakwa.
Nicotine Ndiyo Inoshandiswa Zvakanyanya Kupindwa Muropa neMishonga
Nicotine ndiyo inonyanya kunetswa pfuma munyika. Kunyange zvazvo kusvuta kwakaderera mumakore achangobva kupfuura, inofungidzirwa kuti mamiriyoni makumi mana evaAmerica vachiri kukanganisa nicotine pasinei nehuwandu hwakasvibiswa hunovhiringidza.
Zvakare, nekuda kwekuti zviri pamutemo, hazvirevi kuti haigoni kushandiswa zvisina kunaka. Kutaura kuti kuipa kwehutano hwekicinine kunotora nguva yakareba kuratidzira kunogona kunge kunobatanidzwa mukudzvinyirira kwakawandisa kwefodya.
Caffeine Ndiyo Inonyanya Kushandiswa Mishonga
Apo nicotine ndiyo mishonga inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, caffeine ndiyo inowanzoshandiswa mishonga inoshandura mafungiro munyika. Uye hongu, yakawanda yekaseine inogona kukuvadza hutano hwako. Yakabatanidzwa nehuwandu hwehutano hwekenza, chirwere chemwoyo, uye kubereka zvisiri izvo kusanganisira kunonoka kutora pamuviri uye kuchera kuberekwa.
Ongororo dzakawanawo kubatana pakati pekushandisa caffeine uye syndromes dzakawanda dzepfungwa, kusanganisira caffeine-induced sleep disorder uye caffeine-induced anxiety disorder. Varwere vanoongororwa vane generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, primary insomnia, uye gastroesophageal reflux vanowanzorairwa kuti kuderedze kana kubvisa kushandiswa kwekodhiine nguva dzose.
Izvozvo Zvinokuvadza Iwe Here?
Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvemutemo, mutsetse pakati pekushandisa uye kushungurudzwa hakusi pachena. Iko kune zvimwe zvimwi zuva nezuva mushure mekushanda kushandura kana kushandisa zvisina kunaka? Uri kunwa mapepa maviri ekofi mangwanani, kuti zuva rako ritange, kushandisa kana kushatisa? Ari kusvuta ipakiti yemidzanga pazuva rekushandisa zvinodhaka here?
Kazhinji, mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, munhu oga ndiye anogona kugona kushandiswa kwekushandisa uye kushungurudzwa kunotanga. Mubvunzo wokuzvibvunza ndewekuti, "Izvi zvinondikonzera kukuvadza here?"
Sangano Rinotarisa Mutengo Wekushandisa Dambudziko Rokushandisa
Kana zvasvika kune zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo, sangano rakatarisa kuti kushandiswa kwavo kunokuvadza uye kwakaisa marambidzwa emutemo pamashandisirwo avo. Izvi ndezvekudzivirira vanhu 'kurarama zvakanaka uye nhoo yevanhu kubva pamari inobatanidzwa nehutano hwehutano hwehutano hwakanaka, kurasikirwa kwehupfumi, kupararira kwezvirwere, kuparwa kwemhosva, uye kusava nemusha (kunyange kukanganisa kwekuita mhosva iyi kushandiswa kwakagadzirirwa kukakavadzana kukuru).
Shoko Rinobva
Iko kushandisa kwako zvinhu kunokuvadza here? Kana iwe uchifunga kuti izvi zvingava zvechokwadi kwauri, iwe hausi iwe woga. Maererano nekukakavara kwekupedzisira, inenge 27.1 mamiriyoni evaAmerica-anenge mumwe pavanhu gumi-vari kushaya zvinodhaka zvino.
Uri kukanganisa kutsvaga rubatsiro rwekushandisa kwezvinhu zvako here? Zvakare, iwe hausi woga. Muna 2015, vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 21,7 vaida kurapa kushandiswa kwemishonga, asi mamiriyoni matatu chete akawana chero kurapa kupi zvako.
Kana iwe wakaedza kurega kana kuzvidzora iwe pachako uye wakawana iwe usina kukwanisa kuita kudaro, unogona kuedza kuedza mamwe maitiro uye kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekurapwa kwekushandisa zvinodhaka .
Izvi zvinogona kubatsirawo kwauri: Iwe Wakapindwa Muropa Here?
Sources:
John Hopkins Mushonga Wekuita Ma Pharmacology Research Unit. "Caffeine Dependence." Chokwadi Chikwangwani 2016
Kudhakwa Kwemishonga uye Mental Health Services Administration. "Zvinhu Zvishandiso Zvinoshandisa Matambudziko." Kushungurudzika Kwepfungwa uye Zvimwe Zvinyorwa Muna October 2015
World Health Organization. "Kushandisa zvinodhaka." Health Topics 2016