Kushungurudzika kwevanhu mune zvepaguru kusagadzikana hakusiyana nekunyadzisa kunotarisana nedzimwe dambudziko rehutano hwepfungwa. Kunyange zvazvo kushorwa kunogona kutora maitiro akasiyana pane, kureva, kuti kupikisa schizophrenia kana borderline personality disorder (BPD) , mugumisiro wakafanana-vanhu vanoita kunyara pamusoro pechinetso pamusoro pevasina simba.
Muchiitiko chinosuruvarisa chekushungurudzika kwevanhu munzanga (SAD), chinhu chaicho icho vanhu vanotya kunyanya-kusarudzwa kwevamwe nevamwe-chinova chaicho.
Hazvina kukwana kuti pfungwa dzavo dzinokonzera kuti vazvidye mwoyo nekusingaperi pane izvo vamwe vanofunga, asi ikozvino vane chivimbo chokuti vanhu vane chokwadi vane maonero asina kunaka pamusoro pavo.
Kunyange zvazvo tichirarama muzera kana kune marapirwo anobudirira kwezvirwere zvepfungwa dzakawanda, kushungurudzika kwevanhu mune zvekugara, vanhu vanoramba vachifamba kwemwedzi, makore, makumi emakore, uye kunyange mararamiro vasina kumbogashira kurapwa. Ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka achazoshandurwa chete nekuunza hutano hwepfungwa mberi kwekurapa nekuona kwevanhu.
Chii Chinonyadzisira?
Ngatidzokerei zvishoma. Chii chaizvoizvo kushorwa? Nenzira yakareruka, kushorwa kunoreva kuderedza munhu zvichienderana nezvimwe zvinoratidza munhu iyeye. Isu tinowanzofunga nezvekushorwa kunoenderana nekuva rudzi rumwe rwemadzinza kana kubva kune imwe dzimba dzezvemari.
Mumamiriro ekurwara kwepfungwa, kushorwa kunogona kuvapo munharaunda yose asiwo pakati pevashandi vezvehutano.
Nenzira iyi, kana iwe uchifunga nezvomumwe munhu ane chirwere chekushungurudzika kwevanhu, vanogona kutarisana nekushorwa kubva kune shamwari neshamwari dzemhuri nekuda kwekusava nenzvimbo dzevanhu, uye vangatarisana nachiremba anoshaya zviratidzo kana kuvabvisa.
Stigma inogonawo kufungidzirwa seyakabatana nemunhu ane chirwere kana chiito chokutsvaga kurapwa.
Munhu ane SAD angashorwa nokuti ane zviratidzo zvekushungurudzika kwevanhu, asi anogonawo kuve nekushorwa kwekutsvaga rubatsiro kune chinetso icho vamwe vangafunga kuti "zvose zviri mumisoro yavo" kana kuti munhu wese anotarisana naye.
Kufunganya Kwemagariro Stigma
Takatobata pane izvi zvishoma, asi kushungurudzika kwevanhu munzanga kunokonzera kuve pakati nepakati pepfungwa yokuti kushungurudzika kwevanhu munharaunda ndeyekudzivirirwa uye kunodziviswa. Zvinonyara mushure mezvose, chaiko? Iwe unogona kutarisana nekutarisa maitiro kubva kune shamwari kana vemumhuri vasingatendi kuzvidya mwoyo dambudziko rechokwadi uye kuti iwe unogona kukwanisa "kutora" iwe pachako.
Pakati pevana nevechiri kuyaruka , pangangodaro kuve nekudheererwa kana utsinye sechikamu chekushorwa kunotarirwa kune avo vane hanya nevanhu. Panzvimbo pokunzwa kunzwira tsitsi, vamwe vangasarudza kuisa pasi vana kana vechidiki vavanoona sevasina simba kana mune zvemagariro.
Ndeipi Migumisiro yeStigma?
Zvinosuruvarisa, migumisiro yekushorwa kunoenderana nehutano hwehutano hwevanhu hunowanikwa. Pasi pane urongwa hwezvimwe zvinonyanya kukosha izvo kushorwa kunounza mberi.
Zvinetso nekuzviremekedza. Vanhu vanogara nekunyadziswa pamusoro pekushungurudzika kwevanhu kunowanzoita kuti vasazviremekedze, kuzviriritira, uye hurombo hwehupenyu hwehupenyu, maererano nekudzidza muna 2015 muAmerican Journal of Orthopsychiatry .
Kwete-uchapupu-yakagadziriswa mishonga. Kana chirwere chisingawaniki kana kuti hachizivikanwi, izvi zvinogona kutungamirira munhu kutsvaga kurapwa kwakasiyana-siyana kunogona kunge kusina svindi kutsigira.
Kukundikana kutsvaga kurapwa. Vanhu vazhinji vane hutano hwepabonde hwehutano vanotya kubvuma kuti vane dambudziko, uye kushorwa kunoita kuti izvi zviwedzere. Iwe unogona kutya zvinetso pamabasa ako uye ukama semugumisiro wekubvuma kuti une dambudziko.
Misdiagnosis . Stigma inogona kutungamirira vanachiremba kuti vasaziva SAD , kunyanya kana vakundikana kutora zviratidzo zvechirwere zvakanyanyisa, kana kukundikana kubvunza pamusoro pavo zvachose (shure kwezvose, ndeupi murwere ane hanya nemagariro evanhu angaita kuti awedzere dambudziko racho pachavo)?
Vose vari vevanhu uye vashandi vehutano vangave vakakundikana kuona kushungurudzika kwevanhu sehutano kana kuti vanodavira kuti zvinongova kunyara.
Kusasarudzwa . Stigma inogona kuita kuti chiremba arege kunyatsoongorora zviratidzo kana kutungamirira kukunzwisisa kusina kunaka kwerapa yakakodzera.
Inoita zvipingamupinyi zvekutarisira. Kunyara kwekunze kunogona kushandiswa mukati mevanhu vane kushungurudzika kwevanhu, zvichiita kuti vasanyanya kunyanya kutsvaga kurapwa. Kana iwe uchitanga kunzwa wakashata pamusoro penzira yaunonzwa, hauzove wakakwanisa kubvuma iwe une dambudziko uye edza kuwana rubatsiro.
Inoita zvinhu zvisingabatsiri. Matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa anonyatsotarisirwa mukati mekubatsira. Stigma inogadzira nzvimbo isina kuchengetwa, zvakadai kuti zvakaoma kuedza kubatsirwa. Kana iwe uine hutano hwepfungwa, rubatsiro runokosha, kunyanya mumatanho ekutanga. Fungidzira, semunhu ane SAD, achidana chiremba wako uye achitaurirwa nenzira inokosha kuburikidza newaigamuchirwa?
Kuda kuzviuraya. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa, munhu angave akanzwa asingakwanisi kuwana rubatsiro nekuda kwekushorwa uye ane pfungwa dzekuzviuraya, kunyanya kana SAD yakabatanidzwa nehumwe hutano hwehutano hwakadai sekuora mwoyo kana bipolar disorder.
Chitubu cheStigma
Tinokwanisa kutanga kunzwisisa zviri nani nzira yekudzivisa kushorwa nekudzidza zvinokonzera. Nenzira yakawanda, chinonyanya kukonzera kushorwa ndiko kusanzwisisa. Uku kusanzwisisa kunogona kunge kuripo nokuti munhu haana kumbobvira aine chirwere chepfungwa pachavo kana nokuti haazive nezvemhando dzehutano hwepfungwa dzinenge dziripo (kana kuti kushungurudzika kwevanhu munzanga kune imwe).
Nzira Yokuderedza Stigma
Iye zvino, tinosvika kumashoko anonyanya kukosha-tingaita sei kuderedza kusarura kunobatana nehutano hwehutano hwevanhu? Hazvisi kuzogadzirisa zviri nyore, zvinosuruvarisa, uye zvinoda kuchinja maitiro kuburikidza nedzidzo. Pasi pane matanho anokwanisa kutorwa newe, hurumende, uye maitiro ehutano hwepfungwa kuti ashande pakuderedza kukanganisa kwekushorwa:
Public service messages. Hongu, ndizvo chaizvo-maitiro enyu ekare emabasa ehurumende. Funga nezveizvi sekutengeserana kwekunaka kwakanaka. Kana vakabuda kunze uye vanonzwika zvakakwana nguva, shoko rinotanga kuyambuka. Kunyange munguva yakapfuura idzi idzi dzave dzichinyanya kuterevhizheni kana redhiyo, mhizha itsva nemagariro ehupfumi zvakapa migwagwa yakawanda kuti uwane mharidzo. Ndeipi nguva yekupedzisira iwe wagoverana noutano hwepfungwa mupfungwa pa Facebook, Twitter, kana Instagram account?
Taura nezvekutambudzika kwako. Yikes! Inonzwa inotyisa zvichida, asi fungidzira kana munhu wose ane SAD akaudza mumwe munhu nezvechinhu chavakapfuura. Njovu iri muimba inozopedzisira iine "chifukidzo," uye chirwere chinogara mumumvuri chinogona kuona chiedza. Ndeipi nguva yekupedzisira iwe uchitaura nyaya pamusoro pekutambudzika kwako kwepabonde? Unogona kushamisika uyo anokwanisa kutaura kana kuti ndiani angave nenyaya zvakare.
Kurudzira vanhu kuverenga mabhuku. Hungu, inogona kunge iri nyore. Kurudzira shamwari dzako, mhuri, vashandi pamwe navo, vavakidzani kuti vaverenge nyaya dzechokwadi nezvehutano hwepfungwa. Aya mabhuku anogona kuva zviitiko zvinozarura maziso, kunyanya kune avo vasati vamboona zvinhu zvakadaro pakutanga-ruoko. Kana iwe uri nhengo yemhuri yemumwe munhu ane chirwere chepfungwa, verenga mabhuku aya iwe pachako.
Shandisai chiitiko chako semunhu akakurumbira. Ndinokutendai Donny Osmond, Barbra Streisand, Zack Greinke, Jonathan Knight nevamwe nekuda kwekugoverana kwako kwekutambudzika kwako. Kana iwe uri munhu akakurumbira ane hanya nevanhu, taurira nyaya kana kunyora bhuku pamusoro pezvawakave uchiita. Vanhu vanotarisa kune iwe uye iwe une mukana wekubatsira kuderedza kusagadzikana kwakapoteredza chirwere ichi.
Vhura. Izvi zvinoshanda kumunhu wese, asi ngatitungamirirei kuvanhu uye vashandi vehutano hwepfungwa. Kune vanhu-ivai vakasununguka kune zvingaitika kuti havasi vose vanoona hupenyu nenzira yaunoita. Iva akasununguka kuti udzidze pamusoro uye unzwisise matambudziko evanorwara mupfungwa. Kune vadzidzisi vehutano hwepfungwa-ivai vakasununguka kune mukana wekuti munhu agere muhofisi yako angave nechinetso chavasina kugoverana, pasinei nokuti "zvakaenzana" vanoita sei. Bvunza mibvunzo pamusoro pemagariro evanhu mumagariro uye tora mhinduro dzacho zvakakomba.
Bvisa kunyarara. Munyika yose, ngatishandei kuti tisave nekunyarara kwehutano hwepfungwa hwehutano hwehutano hwevanhu pamwe nehutano hwepfungwa. Ngatitevere mumakwara enyika dzakadai seAustralia neUnited States vari kushanda kunobatanidza kutarisira kwehutano hwepfungwa nekurapa sechikamu chekuchengeta nguva dzose.
> Sources:
> Anderson KN, Jeon AB, Blenner JA, Wiener RL, Hope DA. Nzira iyo vanhu vanoongorora vamwe nehutano hwehutano hwevanhu: Kufananidza nekuora mwoyo uye chirwere chepfungwa chinonyadzisa. Am J Orthopsychiatry . 2015; 85 (2): 131-138. doi: 10.1037 / ort0000046.
> Kuchengetedza Pfungwa Dzako. Kunzwisisa Zvipingamupinyi Zvikuru zvevanhu vane Hanya Nehurombo Kunetseka.
> Davies MR. Kuvhiringidzika kwezvinetso zvekuzvidya mwoyo. Int J Clin Pract . 2000; 54 (1): 44-47.
> Dinos S, Stevens S, Serfaty M, Weich S, King M. Stigma: manzwiro uye zvakaitika zvevanhu 46 vane chirwere chepfungwa. Kudzidza kwakakodzera. Br J Psychiatry . 2004; 184: 176-181.
> Rüsch N, Hölzer A, Hermann C, et al. Kuzvidzivirira mukati mevakadzi vane borderline person disorder uye vakadzi vane hukama hwevanhu. J Nerv Ment Dis . 2006; 194 (10): 766-773. doi: 10.1097 / 01.nmd.0000239898.48701.dc.