(1886 - 1939)
Chinonyanya Kuzivikanwa:
- Tsvakurudzo pamusoro pevana vakasiyana
- The psychology of women
- Shanda mumakiriniki epfungwa
- Shanda mune zvepfungwa dzekudzidzisa
Kuberekwa uye Rufu:
May 25, 1886 - November 27, 1939
Upenyu Hwokutanga:
Leta Stetter yakaberekerwa muNebraska musi waMay 25, 1886. Upenyu hwehutongi hweHurumende hwakaratidzirwa nenjodzi apo amai vake vakafa vachibereka mwana wavo wechitatu. Baba vake vakasiya mhuri uye vakasiya vana kuti vakuridzwe nevabereki vamai vavo, chete kuti vadzoke makore gumi gare gare kuti vadzorere vana uye kuvamanikidza kuti vatame naye iye nemudzimai wake mutsva.
Stetter yakazotsanangura mhuri yacho sechisimba, inotambudzwa nekudhakwa uye kushungurudzika mupfungwa. Dzidzo yake yakava nzvimbo yekupotera, ichimubvumira kutsvaga matarenda ake semunyori. Paakanga ava nemakore gumi nemashanu, akabhadharwa kunyora mapurisa epepanhau reguta racho, uye akabva kumba kuti awane zvakanaka paakapedza chikoro chesekondari muna 1902.
Mutsara wakanyoresa pajijiji paYunivhesiti yeNebraska kuLincoln paaiva nemakore gumi nemana chete. Oregeri akazadza chiremba chake chechikoro uye chidzidzo chekudzidzisa muna 1906 ndokuroora Harry Hollingworth muna 1908.
Basa:
Tsitsi Hollingworth akatanga basa rake semudzidzisi uye mubatsiri wepamusoro muNebraska zvikoro zvepamusoro. Nenguva isipi akatamira kuNew York kuti ave nemurume wake sezvaaipedza zvidzidzo zvake zvechiremba. Kunyange zvazvo pakutanga aida kuramba achidzidzisa mudzidzisi, New York haana kubvumira vakadzi vakaroora kudzidzisa chikoro panguva iyoyo. Akaora mwoyo uye akaora mwoyo, akakurumidza kunyoresa Columbia University uye akaenderera mberi kuwana Master's in Education muna 1913.
Akatora nzvimbo paC Clearing House nekuda kweZvipikiso zvepfungwa paakagadzirisa uye akawana zvirongwa zveBinet intelligence. Akaenderera mberi achienderera mberi nekudzidza kwepfungwa dzake pasi pekutungamirirwa kwechiremba wepfungwa anonzi Edward L. Thorndike . Akapedzisa Ph.D. muna 1916 ndokutora basa paColumbia's Teachers College, kwaakaramba ari oga kwebasa rake rose.
Kutora kweHollingworth kwokutanga kutsvakurudza kwakakonzerwa nehupfungwa hwevakadzi. Chimwe chekuedza kwake kwepakutanga chakatsoropodza pfungwa yokuti varume vakanga vakangwara kupfuura vakadzi. Akatarira dhiyabhorosi varume vane chiuru uye vakadzi vane chiuru chimwe uye akawana kuti pakanga pasina kuenzana mune zvipo pakati pevarume nevakadzi vatori vechikamu.
Mukuwedzera kutsvakurudza pamusoro pehupfungwa hwevakadzi, Hollingworth akapikisa pfungwa panguva iyo vakadzi vakanga vachiita sevasina simba panguva yokuenda kumwedzi. Kutenda uku kwakave nechinonyanya kukonzera kodzero dzevakadzi, sezvo vashandi vakawanda vakaramba kubhadhara vakadzi nokuti vaitenda kuti havazokwanisa kuita mabasa avo kwevhiki rimwe chete mwedzi mumwe nomumwe. Kwenguva yemwedzi mitatu, akaedza vakadzi makumi maviri nemaviri nevarume vaviri pamabasa akasiyana-siyana akaedza kuongorora pfungwa uye magetsi. Akaona kuti kwakanga kusina kusiyaniswa kwebasa pane imwe nguva panguva yekuenda kumwedzi.
Hollingworth iriwo mukurumbira webasa rake nevana vane zvipo. Sechikamu chebasa rake kutungamirira kuongororwa kweunyanzvi , akava nehanya nehupfungwa yehupo. Akatenda kuti dzidzo dzekudzidzisa dzaiwanzoregeredza vadzidzi ava nokuti vadzidzisi nevabereki vaidavira kuti idzi zvipo zvaigona kungozvichengeta pachavo.
Pane kudaro, Hollingworth akaratidza kuti zvakanga zvakakosha kugadzira purogiramu yakagadzirirwa kuwedzera zvinodiwa zvevana vane zvipo. Hollingworth akanyorawo bhuku rokutanga rakazara pamusoro pevana vane zvipo uyewo akadzidzisa purogiramu yekutanga yekoroti ine zvipo.
Zvidzidzo zveHollingsworth zvevana vane zvipo zvakabatana naRead Terman mukudzidza kwakakurumbira kwevanhu vakachenjera kwazvo. Vafungidzi vaviri havasati vambosangana, asi vaifungidzira basa reumwe neumwe mukuremekedzwa. Chimwe chekusiyana kukuru pakati pezvavakaita ndechokuti apo Terman aidavira kuti huchenjeri hwaive hukuru hwemajini, Hollingworth ainetseka zvikuru nezvezvakatipoteredza uye zvidzidzo izvo zvakaita kuti huchenjeri huvepo.
Zvinyorwa Zvakasarudzwa:
Hollingworth, L. (1914). Kusiyana kwakafanana nehukama nekusiyana kwepabonde mukubudirira. American Journal of Sociology, 19, 510-530.
Hollingworth, L. (1916). Kuita zvepabonde kusiyana kwepfungwa. Psychological Bulletin, 13, 377-384.
Hollingworth, LS (1927). Mukadzi mutsva mukugadzira. Nhoroondo Yakare, 27, 15-20.
Hollingworth, LS (1928). The psychology of the teenager. New York: D. Appelton uye Company.
Contributions to Psychology:
Leta Stetter Hollingworth akapayona kudzidza kwepfungwa kwevakadzi uye basa rake rakabatsira kubvisa zvinyorwa zvenhema izvo zvaiwanzoshandiswa kurwisana nekodzero dzevakadzi. Somuprofesa wepfungwa, akadzidzisawo vadzidzi vanoverengeka avo vakazove vanokosha vepfungwa dzepfungwa, kusanganisira Florence Goodenough. Hollingworth akafa musi waNovember 27, 1939 wekenza yemimba.
Kunyange zvazvo hupenyu hwake hwepakutanga hwakaratidzirwa nehutambudziro uye pasinei nokuti wakafa wechidiki, akakwanisa kuva mumwe wevanofunga nezvekufunga nezvepfungwa uye akasiyira chikwangwani chisingaregi pamunda wepfungwa.
References:
Akabatwa, L. (2010). Leta Hollingworth. Psychology's Feminist Voices. Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://www.feministvoices.com/leta-hollingworth/
Hochman, SK (nd). Leta Stetter Hollingworth: Hupenyu hwake. Women's Intellectual Contributions kuChidzidzo cheMafungiro neSosaiti. Yakadzorerwa kubva http://www2.webster.edu/~woolflm/letahollingsworth.html
Hollingworth, HL (1943). Leta Stetter Hollingworth. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.