Wundt's Experimental Technique
Kunyatsozivikanwa kunowanzoshandiswa mumutauro wezuva nezuva kuti utaure nezvekutarisa mukati, asi izwi rinoshandawo pane imwe nzira yakagadziridzwa iyo yakamboshandiswa semhando yekuedza. Kuedza kushandiswa kwekutsvaga kufanana kwakafanana nezvamungaita kana iwe uchiongorora mafungiro ako nemanzwiro asi nenzira yakajeka uye yakasimba.
Chii Chiri Kujekesa?
Izwi rokuti introspection rinogona kushandiswa kurondedzera zvose zvisiri pamutemo kufungisisa uye imwe nzira yakarongeka yekuedza iyo yakashandiswa kare kare mune zvepfungwa dzepfungwa.
Nzira yekutanga ndiyo iyo vanhu vazhinji vangave vanozivikanwa zvikuru, iyo inosanganisira kusinganzwisisiki maonero edu mukati nepfungwa. Apo patinofungisisa pamusoro pemafungiro edu, manzwiro , uye zviyeuchidzo uye tinoongorora zvavari kureva, isu tiri kuita muchirevo chekutanga.
Izwi rokuti introspection rinoshandiswawo kurondedzera nzira yekutsvakurudza iyo yakatanga kusimbiswa nenyengeri yepfungwa Wilhelm Wundt . Iyo inozivikanwawo seongororo yekuzviona, Wundt's technique yaisanganisira kudzidzisa vanhu kunyatsotarisana uye zvakanyatsonaka sezvinobvira kuongorora zvinhu zvavanenge vachifunga.
"Kutaura chokwadi kwakange kuri izwi rinowanzoshandiswa kutsanangura nzira yaWundt," anotsanangura kudaro munyori David Hothersall mubhuku rake rinonzi History of Psychology .
"Chisarudzo chinosuruvarisa, nokuti chinogona kutorwa kunoreva chimiro chechikwata chezvombo zvehondo, izvo chaizvoizvo hazvisi izvo Wundt yaireva ... Wundt's introspection yakanga iri yakanyatsogadziriswa, yakaoma nzira yekuedza."
Kuzivikanwa Kwakaita Sei Kuzivikanwa Kunoshandiswa Mukutsvakurudza Kwepfungwa dzeWundt?
Mubazi reWundt, vatariri vakakurudzirwa zvikuru vakapiwa zviitiko zvakanyatsogadziriswa zvinoitika.
Vanhu ava vakabva vabvunzwa kurondedzera zvakaitika kwavari mupfungwa dzezviitiko izvi. Wundt aidavira kuti avo vaiona vaifanira kunge vari munharaunda yekucherechedza zvakanyanya kukurudzira uye mukugadzirisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Iko kucherechedza kwakadzokidzwa zvakare kakawanda.
Chii chaiva chinangwa chekucherechedza uku? Wundt aidavira kuti pane zvikamu zviviri zvakakosha zvinoumba zviri mukati memafungiro evanhu: manzwiro nemanzwiro. Kuti anzwisise pfungwa, Wundt aidavira kuti vatsvakurudzi vaida kuita zvinopfuura kungoziva chete chimiro kana zvikamu zvepfungwa. Pane kudaro, zvakanga zvakakosha kutarisa matanho nemabasa anowanikwa apo vanhu vanoona nyika yakavapoteredza.
Wundt anotarisa pakuita kuti kufungidzira kwave kwakarongeka uye kwakanyatsonaka sezvazvinogona. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vapinduri vakabvunzwa kuti vangopindura ne "hongu" kana "kwete." Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vacherechedzi vakamanikidza chinhare cheteregraph kuitira kupa mhinduro dzavo. Chinangwa chekuita izvi ndechekuita kuti kufungidzira sekusayenzi sezvinobvira.
Edward Titchener , mudzidzi weWundt's, akashandisa nzira iyi kunyange akave achitopomerwa nekunyengera zvisakarurama zvepfungwa dzepakutanga dzeWundt. Kunyange zvazvo Wundt aifarira kutarisa ruzivo rwekuziva sehuse, Titchener panzvimbo pacho akaisa pfungwa pakuputsa matambudziko epfungwa mumunhu oga.
Mitsoropodzi yeChirangaridzo
Kunyange zvazvo maitiro eWundt aiedza kuita zvakanyanya kufambisa chikonzero chekuita mafirology mune imwe shanduro yekuraira, nzira yekufungidzira yaive nehuwandu hunokwanisika.
Kushandiswa kwekutsvaga kwekare semhando yekuedza kwaiwanzopomerwa, kunyanya kushandiswa kwaTitchener nzira. Zvikoro zvepfungwa kusanganisira basa uye unhu hunofunga kuti kushambadzira kwakange kusina kuvimbika kwezvesayenzi uye kuisa pfungwa.
Zvimwe zvinetso nekutangira kufungidzira zvakasanganisira:
- Vatariri vakasiyana-siyana vaigara vachipa mhinduro dzakasiyana zvakasiyana nezvakangoita zvakafanana
- Kunyange vateresi vakakurudzirwa zvikuru vakanga vasingagumi mumhinduro dzavo
- Iyo nzira haigone kushandiswa nevana kana mhuka
- Kujekesa kunopera mukushandiswa kwayo; nyaya dzakaoma zvakadai sokudzidza, unhu, kukanganisika kwepfungwa, uye kubudirira zvakaoma kana kunyange zvisingagoneki kudzidza nemhando iyi
Shoko Rinobva
Kushandiswa kwekutsvaga maitiro sechigadziro chekutarisa mukati ndihwo chikamu chinokosha chekuzviziva uye chinoshandiswa mupfungwa dzepfungwa sechimwe nzira yekubatsira vatengi kuti vanzwisise manzwiro avo nemaitiro avo. Kunyange zvazvo kuedza kweWundt kwakabatsira zvikuru mukufambira mberi uye kufambira mberi kwekuongorora kwepfungwa, vatsvakurudzi zvino vanoziva kuwanda kwezvipingamupinyi nematambudziko ekushandisa kusanganisa sechinhu chekuedza.
> Sources:
> Brock, AC. Nhoroondo yekutangira kufungidzirwa zvakare. Muna JW Clegg (Mupepeti), Kuzvitarisira muSocial Sciences. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers; 2013.
> Hergenhahn, BR. Kutanga kuNhoroondo yePsychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; 2009.