MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) isiri pamutemo, inoshandiswa, inokonzerwa nemishonga inokonzerwa nehupenzi iyo inoita sezvose zvinokurudzira uye hallucinogen-inosimudzira mushumiri ichi ichibudisa kusiyanisa munguva nekufunga.
Ive yakatsanangurwa sekusanganiswa kweamfetamine inosimudzira uye hallucinogen mescaline.
Kunyange zvazvo MDMA ichizivikanwa zvikuru seEcstasy, uye kupfuura ichangobva kuzivikanwa seMolly, tsvakurudzo yakaratidza kuti dzakawanda dzemapiritsi anotengeswa mumakilasi uye mumugwagwa seEcstasy hadzisi MDMA chete asi zvimwe zvinodhaka zvinodhaka kana zvinodhaka zvinogona kuva zvinokuvadza.
Saka, mamwe emigumisiro inoshandiswa nevashandi panguva yekutora Ecstasy inogona kunge yakakonzerwa nemishonga inowanikwa ku MDMA panguva yekugadzirwa kwepiritsi kana capsules.
1 - Chii Chinonzi Kuwanda kweMDCMA kushandiswa muUnited States?
Zvakaoma kuziva kuti zvakadini kushandiswa kweMDC nekuti inowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu, uye hazvioneki mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzedzinza rekushandisa, zvakadai sematambudziko ekugamuchirwa kwehutano. MDMA haina, zvisinei, inoonekwa sechirwere chakawedzera pakuzivikanwa uye chichiwedzera kupararira, kunyanya pakati pevanhu vasati vava nemakore 25.
Muna 2004, vanopfuura mamiriyoni 11 vanhu vane makore gumi nemaviri kana kupfuura vakapindura vachishandisa Ecstasy kamwe chete munguva yavo yeupenyu, maererano neNational Survey on Drug Use and Health.
Nhamba yevashandisi vemazuva ano muna 2002 yakafungidzirwa kuva 676 000. Makore maviri gare gare, nhamba yezvino (kushandiswa mumwedzi wapfuura) vashandi muna 2004 yakafungidzirwa kuva 450 000. Kutanga kweEcstasy kushandiswa muU.S. kwave kuri kuwedzera kubva muna 1992, pamwe nevashandisi vamiriyoni 1.8 mutsva muna 2001.
Kushandiswa Kwemishonga Dzakashatisa Kurwisana Network, yakachengetedzwa neHuman abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, yakataura kuti kutaura kweMDC mune zviitiko zvinoshandiswa pakushandisa zvinodhaka mumatare epamupatara zvinoshamwaridzana zvaive 2 221 kune yechitatu nechina yevatatu ve2003. Vazhinji vevarwere vakauya Dhipatimendi rekukurumidzira rinotaura MDMA sechikonzero chekugamuchira kwavo panguva iyoyo vaiva nemakore 18-20.
Kuongorora kweMangwana (MTF), kuongorora kwegore negore kunoshandiswa kuongororwa kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka pakati pevechiri kuyaruka pakati nepakati pezvikoro munyika yose, yakataura kuti pakati pe2001 na2005, kushandiswa kwemagetsi kwegore negore kwakaderera ne 52 muzana mu 8th-graders, 58 muzana mu10th-graders, uye 67 muzana mu 12-graders. Nhamba yeupenyu hweMDCMA inoshandiswa kuderera zvikuru kubva muna 2004 kusvika muna 2005 pakati pe12th graders.
Muna 2005, 8th-graders yakashuma kuderera kukuru pakuonekwa kwakashata pakushandisa MDMA pane imwe nguva. Izwi reMTF rinoratidza zvakare kuti kushandiswa kweMDC kunowedzera kune vakawanda vanoverengeka. Pakati pe12th-graders muna 2005, somuenzaniso, 3.9 muzana yeW Whites, 3.0 muzana yevadzidzi veSpanishi, uye 1.4 muzana yeAfrica -America vakataura vachishandisa MDMA mugore risati rapera.
Kunyange zvazvo mitero yeMDC inoshandiswa inogona kunge ichiderera kuchikoro chesekondari, chirwere ichi chiri nyore kuwana, uye kushandiswa kwayo kunoramba kuripo. Izwi reMTF rinoratidza zvakare kuti kushandiswa kweMDC kunowedzera kune vakawanda vanoverengeka.
2 - Ndiani ari kushandisa MDMA?
Apo MDMA yakatanga kugunzva chiitiko yaive yakakurumbira zvikuru nevechiri kuyaruka uye vechidiki vechidiki vanobatanidzwa mumararamiro eusikubhu kana masvondo-masikati emitambo yemitambo inozivikanwa semhara. Asi, kwemakore, sezvo chirwere ichi chakazozivikanwa seEcstasy, kuparidzirwa kwayo kwakatanga kupararira kune zvimwe zvikamu zvehuwandu mumaguta, mumuguta nemumaruwa.
Iye zvino akazivikanwa zvikuru seMolly, mishonga iyi yakave yakakurumbira pakati pevadzidzi vekoroji. Chinhu chimwe chakajeka, munzvimbo dzose dzenyika, MDMA inowanikwa nyore nyore.
3 - Ndeipi Migumisiro yeMDC?
Ecstasy yakave yakakurumbira nekuda kwemigumisiro inonakidza inobereka mukati meawa yekutanga mushure memishonga inotorwa. Asi, iyo manzwiro akanaka anogona kuuya nemutengo. MDMA inogona kukonzera mhando dzakawanda dzehutano husina kunaka hwehutano uye zvisingafadzi zvikamu zvemigumisiro.
Zvinokwanisika kudarika MDMA. Unoziva here kuti zviratidzo zveEcstasy overdose zvakafanana sei? Zvinogona kuva dzakanyanya uye dzimwe nguva kunyange upenyu hunotyisidzira.
4 - MDMA Inoitei kuBongo?
Ecstasy, inozivikanwawo seMolly, inowedzera nekuwedzera basa revatatu vemakemikari vatumwa vemasero europi-serotonin, dopamine, uye norepinephrine systems. Nokuti MDMA inobata basa reuroverransmitter muuropi, rinogona kuvhiringidza mutemo wemafungiro, kurara, marwadzo, manzwiro, chido, uye mamwe maitiro.
Nokuti Molly inokonzera kusunungurwa kwezvakawandisa zvezvipatara zvemaurotransmitter, dzinogona kuve dzakapera uye dzinopa maitiro asina kunaka maitiro avashandi vanowanzotarisana kwemazuva mashoma mushure mekutora MDMA, vanotsvakurudza vanodaro.
5 - Ecstasy / MDMA Addictive?
Nokuti Ecstasy inokanganisa mamwe maitiro eurotransmmitter mamwechete muuropi ayo anokanganiswa nemimwe mishonga inodhaka, vamwe vanhu vanoshandisa MDMA vanogona kuve vakapindwa muropa nemishonga. Imwe tsvakurudzo yevechidiki uye vechidiki vanoshandisa vashandi veMolly vakawana kuti 43% vakawana nzira yekuongororwa yemakemikari kuzvidzora pamushonga.
6 - Chii Chatinoziva Nekudzivirira MDMA Kushatiswa?
Nokuti hutano hwemagariro uye hutano hunoita sechinhu chinokosha chekushandiswa kweMDC, kushandiswa kwehutungamiri hwevatungamiri vezera uye mapurogiramu ekudzivirira zvinodhaka kungava nzira inokurudzira yekuderedza kushandiswa kweMDC pakati pevechidiki nevechidiki.
Zvikoro zvepamusoro uye makoroji zvinogona kushanda senzvimbo dzinokosha dzekutumira mashoko pamusoro pemigumisiro yekushandiswa kweMDC. Kupa ruzivo rwakarurama rwezvesayenzi pamusoro pemigumisiro yeEcstasy inokosha kana sangano rinotarisira kuderedza zvinokuvadza zvechirwere ichi.
Dzidzo ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru zvekushandisa mukudzivirira MDMA kushandiswa.
7 - Pane Kurapa Kunobatsira kweMDCMA Kushatiswa?
Hapana hutano hwakananga hwekushungurudzwa kweMDC. Kurapa kwakanakisisa kunoshandiswa kwezvinodhaka nekudhakwa ndezvekufunga kwehutano hwehutano hwakagadzirirwa kubatsira kugadzirisa mafungiro evarwere, tarisiro, uye mafambiro, uye kuwedzera unyanzvi mukubata nezvinetso zvehupenyu.
Kushandisa zvinodhaka kutsvaga mapoka ekutsigira mapoka anogona kunge akabudirira mukubatana nemaitiro ekuzvibata kutsigira kwenguva refu, kusina zvinodhaka kusununguka. Ikozvino hapana maitiro ekurapa kwemishonga ekuchengetedza MDMA.
Kurapa zvinodhaka zvinogona kubatsira mukurwisa zviratidzo zvinodzvinyirira zvinowanzowanikwa muvashandi veMDC vachangobva kuzvidzivirira.
Sources:
National Institute on Drug Abuse. "MDMA (Ecstasy) Kushatiswa." Research Report Series Yakapedzwa muna March 2006
National Institute on Drug Abuse. "MDMA (Ecstasy / Molly)." Zvinodhaka zvekushungurudzwa . Yakapedzwa munaSeptember 2013.