Sangano reAmerican Academy of Pediatrics rakatanga kusunungura mazano ezve "Kuziva uye Kuongorora kwevana neAdHD" uye "Kuchengetedzwa kweChikoro-Mwana Akwegura ane ADHD" mugore ra2000 ne1991. Vose, vakapa madhipatimendi mazano ehupupuriro kuti vaongorore uye kurapa varwere vavo ne ADHD .
Vakagadziriswa mugore ra2011 pamwe neshoko remitemo, "ADHD: Guideline Practice Guideline yeKutsvaga, Kuongororwa, uye Kuchengetedzwa kweKucherechedza-Kukanganiswa / Kushaya Matambudziko muvana nevana vaduku."
Aya mazano eAdHD anowedzera mazano ekuongorora nekubata vana pakati pezera remakore mana nemakore gumi nemasere, huwandu hunowedzera kupfuura humwe hutete hwakanyanya hwemitemo yekare isingasanganisi vana vaduku kana vechidiki.
Kuongorora vana ne ADHD
Vabereki dzimwe nguva vanoshamisika kuti vana vanoona vana vane ADHD dzimwe nguva vanoita zvishoma pane zvavanofunga. Mushure mezvose, hakusi kujekesa ropa kana x-ray iwe unogona kuita izvo zvinogona kuti mwana wako ADD kana ADHD .
Pane kudaro, vanachiremba vanoshandisa mibvunzo yekuongorora kuti vaone uye kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti mwana anosangana nemirairo ye "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ye Mental Disorders, Ichina Edition."
Ndivanaani vanofanira kuongorora?
Chero mwana chero upi zvake ane "zvinetso zvedzidzo kana zvekuzvibata uye zviratidzo zvekusaziva, kusagadzikana, kana kusagutsikana."
Mukuwedzera pakusangana nemirairo yeAdHD, kuti iongorwe neAADH, zviratidzo zvavo zvinofanira kunge zvichikonzera kuora mwoyo uye hazvifaniri kuve zvichikonzerwa nedzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu, zvakadai sokuzvidya mwoyo , kurara kwepabonde, kana chirwere chekudzidza, nezvimwewo.
Ichitsvaga ADHD Kuchengetedza Mitemo
Pakati pemagumisiro uye mazano anotaurwa mumutauriri wepurogiramu iyi ndeyekuti kukanganisika kwehutano hwehutano kunofanira kuonekwa sechirwere chisingaperi uye kuti chirongwa chemwana chaiye, chirongwa chega chega chinogadziriswa kune vana vane chinangwa chekuita kuti basa rivandudzire hukama uye kushanda kuchikoro, kuderedza kusvibisa maitiro, kukurudzira kuchengeteka, kuwedzera kuzvimirira nekuvandudza kuzviremekedza.
Zvimwe zvinokurudzira zvinosanganisira kuti mishonga inokurudzira uye / kana maitiro ekurapa ndiwo akakodzera uye kurapwa kwakachengeteka kweHDH uye kuti vana vanofanira kunge vachigara vachigadzirisa zvinangwa uye zvingave nemigumisiro. Chimwe chese chakasimba, uye ndinofunga kuti chinonyanya kubatsira, mazano mumutemo wemitemo ndeyekuita nevana vasingateereri kurapwa kwakakwana. Kazhinji, kana mwana asingatauri kune mishonga kana kuti anoenderera mberi ane zvinetso, kurapwa kwakamira uye anosara kuti arambe achiita zvisina kunaka kuchikoro, ane matambudziko ehutano uye hukama husina kunaka nevamwe. Pane kudaro, AAP inokurudzira kuti 'apo hutungamiri hwakasarudzwa kumwana ane ADHD husati hwasangana nemigumisiro yezvinangwa, vanachiremba vanofanirwa kuongororodza chepakutanga kuongororwa, kushandiswa kwemishonga yose yakakodzera, kuratidzira zvirongwa zvekurapa, uye kuvapo kwehukama huripo.'
Kune vana vane ADHD vanoramba vachiine matambudziko nemararamiro epakati, kusanganisira kutadza, kushaya simba, uye kusagadzikana, kana mishonga yakanga isiri chikamu cherongwa hwekutanga rwekurapa, zvino mishonga inokurudzira inofanira kuonekwa uye kurapwa kwemaitiro kunofanira kusimbiswa. Vana vakatova pamishonga inokurudzira uye vari kuita zvisina kunaka kana kuva nemigumisiro , vanogona kuchinjwa kuva mishonga yakasiyana-siyana inokurudzira.
Zvakawanda zvekutaura uye zvipupuriro zvemasitatimende emutemo uyu zvinofanira kuva zvakasimbisa kuvabereki, kusanganisira izvozvo:
- Kudzokorora uye kuongororwa kwezvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaratidza kuti mishonga inokurudzira inoshandisa zviratidzo zvemukati yeAdHD uye mumatambudziko mazhinji 'inovandudza kukwanisa kwomwana kutevera mitemo nekuderedza kusagadzikana kwepfungwa, zvichiita kuti zvive nehukama hwakanaka nevezera nevabereki.'
- Migumisiro yemishonga inokurudzira inowanzotadza uye inononoka, uye kune vabereki vanozvidya mwoyo pamusoro pemigumisiro yemishonga inokurudzira mukukura kwevana vavo, kuti hakuna 'kuora kwekukosha kwekukwirira kwakawanikwa' muupenyu hwevanhu vakuru.
ADHD Mishonga
Mutemo weAAP wezvematongerwo enyika unosanganisira kuongorora kwenguva pfupi yemishonga inoshandiswa mukurapa Kuchenjerera Kunetseka Kwekushaya Matambudziko, kusanganisira kukurudzira uye kusingafadzi.
Zvinokurudzira zvinosanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana zvemethylphenidate:
- Muchidimbu-kuita, zvakadai saRitalin ne Focalin, nehurefu hwemaawa 3-5
- Mukati-maitiro, akaita saRitalin SR, Metadate ER, uye Methylin ER, nehuwandu hwemaawa matatu kusvika ku8
- Nguva refu-kuita, yakadai seConta, Daytrana, Metadate CD, Focalin XR, ine nguva ye8-12 maawa uye inogona kushandiswa kamwechete pazuva
Imwe mhando yekukurudzira inosanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana zveamphetamine:
- Kushanda-kuita, zvakadai seDextrine uye Dextrostat, nehuwandu hwemaawa mana kusvika maawa matanhatu pakati pekuita, zvakadai seAdderall uye Dexedrine Spansule, nehurefu hwemaawa 6-8
- Nguva refu-kuita, yakadai saAdderall XR naVavvanse
Vakawanda vasiri kukurudzira zvakare varipo zvino, kusanganisira Strattera, Intuniv , uye Kapvay. Nenzira yakawanda, AAP nhungamiro inotaura kuti hutano hwehupupuri "hunonyanya kusimba pamishonga inokurudzira uye yakakwana asi isina simba." Iko inowanzoendesa vana vakawanda vanachiremba nevabereki kuti vaedze kukurudzira senzira yekutanga kurapwa.
Kusarudza ADHD Mishonga
Nezvose zvemarudzi akasiyana emishonga yeDHD , uye mazhinji matsva, unosarudza sei kuti iwe ushandise mwana wako? Ndeipi iyo inoshanda zvakanaka? Muzhinji, hapana mumwe "mhando yakanakisisa" mishonga uye AAP inotaura kuti 'chimwe nechimwe chinogadzirisa zviratidzo zvepfungwa zvakakosha.'
Mimwe mubvunzo ndiyo inoshandiswa kushandisa. Kusiyana nemamwe mishonga yakawanda, zvinokurudzira hazvirevi 'kuyerwa,' saka munhu ane makore matanhatu uye ane makore gumi nemaviri angave akaenzana, kana mwana muduku angada kuwedzerwa kuyerwa. Nemhaka yokuti hapana mizinga yakaenzana inobva pauremu hwemwana, zvinokurudzira zvinowanzotanga pamutengo wepasi uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvakakura kuti zviwane chirongwa chakanakisisa chemwana, icho 'ndicho chinotungamirira kune zvakanakisisa zvinogadziriswa nezvisingabatsiri migumisiro.' Iyi migumisiro inogona kunosanganisira kuderera kwechido, misoro yepamusoro, masimba, kushungurudza kurara, jitteriness, uye kusununguka kwevanhu, uye inogona kutarisirwa nekugadzirisa kuyerwa kana mishonga inopiwa. Dzimwe mimwe migumisiro inogona kuitika kuvana vane mizinga yakareba kana yevaya vanonyanya kugadzikana nevanokurudzira uye vanogona kuita kuti 'vawedzere kushandiswa pamishonga kana kuti kuonekwa sechinyoro kana kuti zvisingacharegi.' Vamwe vabereki havagoni kushandisa shanduko nokuti havadi kuti mwana wavo ave 'zombie,' asi zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti izvi hazvina kudiwa nemigumisiro uye zvinowanzobatwa nekuderedza kuyerwa kwemishonga kana kuchinja kune mishonga yakasiyana.
Uye nokuti 'vanenge 80% yevana vachabvuma kune chimwe chezvinhu zvinokurudzira,' kana 1 kana 2 mishonga isingashande kana kuti isina zvido zvisina kufanira, ipapo chetatu inogona kuedzwa. Kana mwana achiramba achipindura zvisina kunaka kurapwa, saka kuongorora zvakare kunogona kudikanwa kusimbisa kuongororwa kweDHD kana kutarisa mamiriro ezvinhu aripo, zvakadai sokupikisa kusagadzikana kwehutano, hutano hwekuita, kushushikana, kuora mwoyo, nekuremara kwekudzidza.
Zvimwe ADHD Zvirwere
Mukuwedzera kune zvinokurudzira, mitemo yemitemo inokurudzira kushandiswa kwemaitiro ekurapa , izvo zvingasanganisira kudzidziswa kwevabereki uye '8-12 mavhiki masangano emapoka nemuongorori akadzidza' kuchinja maitiro kumba uye mukirasi yevana vane ADHD. Zvimwe zvekupindira kwepfungwa, kusanganisira play therapy, cognitive therapy kana cognitive-behavior therapy, hazvina kuratidzwa kushanda pamwe nekurapwa kweDHD.
Zvimwe zvinonakidza pamusoro peDHD zvinotaurwa mumutemo wematemo zvinosanganisira kuti:
- 60-80% yevana vane ADHD vanoramba vachiine zviratidzo mukuyaruka
- 4-12% yevana vezera rechikoro vanofungidzirwa kuti vane ADHD
- Zvinowanzoshandiswa zvinokurudzira hazvidi 'serologic, hematologic kana kuti electrocardiogram monitoring.' Kunyange zvazvo kutarisa kwechiropa basa chekuongorora kwaidiwa kune vana vachitora Cylert (iyo isingawanzoshandiswa zvakare), kushandiswa kwezvimwe zvinokurudzira hazvirevi kuongororwa kwepurogiramu yeropa.
- Zvinokuvadza zvinogona kukonzera kusagadziriswa kwemigumisiro yemotokari, iyo inowanzoitika mu15-30% yevana vanotora zvinokurudzira, asi kuvepo kwemaikoni kare kana panguva yekurapa kweAdHD hakusi kupesana zvachose kushandiswa kwemishonga inokurudzira.
IAAP "Mirayiridzo yeChipical Practice for Kuziva, Kuongororwa, uye Kuchengetedzwa kweKucherechedza-Kukanganisa / Kushaya Matambudziko muvana nevana vaduku" kunobatsira zvikuru kuvanachiremba vanotarisira vana vane dambudziko iri rinonetsa uye rinowanzokakavadzana. Inogonawo kubatsira kudzidzisa vabereki nezvezvinhu zvinosarudzwa nemishonga zvinowanika, uye pavanofanira kutsvaga rubatsiro rutsva.
> Sources:
> ADHD: Clinical Practice Guideline yeKutsvaga, Kuongorora, uye Kuchengetedzwa kweKucherechedza-Kukanganiswa / Kushaya Matambudziko muvana neAdolescents. Pediatrics Nov 2011, 128 (5) 1007-1022.