Kunwa doro kunoguma mumabhiriyoni eDhora muDzimba dzeSosaiti
Kunwa doro zvisina kufanira uye kudhakwa kunokonzerwa nematambudziko makuru, kwete kuvanhu chete nemhuri dzavo asi kumarudzi ose . Inofungidzirwa kuti mari yegore negore yekushandisa doro zvisina kufanira muUnited States inopinda mumazana emabhiriyoni emadhora.
Kune munhu mumwe, kunwa doro kunokonzerwa hakugoni kungoita kuti uwedzere kudhakwa asi kunogona kuita kuti zvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda uye zvirwere zvepfungwa uye zvetsika zviitwe.
Inogona kukonzera kukuvadzwa, kushungurudzika kwevanhu, kushungurudzika kwemhuri, kushaya basa, zvinetso zvepamutemo uye zvemari.
Kunwa doro zvisina kunaka kunotungamirira kune hutano hwepamusoro uye mari yakafanana kune mumwe nomumwe uye kumarudzi . Inoguma mukurasikirwa kwehupfumi uye yakarasikirwa nemakore ehupenyu, uye nezvimwe zvakawanda zvakabatana zvinodhura.
Nzira yakanakisisa yekugadzirisa nayo zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa nedoro kunharaunda ndeyokudzivirira vanhu kubva pakuvhiringidza kunwa maitiro. Izvi zvinogona kuoma nokuti vanhu vanotanga kunwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana uye pasi pemamiriro akawanda akasiyana.
Zvinonzwisisika, zvakawanda zvekudzivirira zviri munzvimbo ino nhasi zvinangwa kune vechidiki, nokuti ndiyo iyo vanhu vakawanda vanotanga kunwa mumitemo yedu, uye kana vakatanga kutanga kunwa, vanowanzova nezvinetso zvakanyanya zvekushandisa zvinodhaka mushure mokunge upenyu.
Kusarudza Mafungiro Okumusoro-Achinetseka
Imwe yenzira huru yekudzivirira, inotarisirwa kumarudzi ese, yakatangwa mumakore achangopfuura yakanga iri kukurudzirwa neNational Institute pamusoro pekudhakwa kwezvinwiwa uye kudhakwa (NIAAA) yemitemo yakananga yekudhakwa kwakanyanya .
Izvo zvinorayira zvinoshevedza zvinopfuura 14 zvinwiwa zvakakwana pavhiki uye zvisingasviki mana pazuva nokuda kwevarume; kwete kupfuura vanomwe pavhiki uye vatatu pazuva nokuda kwevakadzi.
NIAAA-tsvakurudzo yakabhadharwa yakapa uchapupu hwokuti chero doro rinoshandiswa kudarika izvo zvinotungamirira rinokonzera njodzi yakakonzerwa newaini nezvimwe zvinetso.
Mukusunungura mazano aya, NIAAA yaitarisira kuti kungoziva kuti mukana wekunwa wakanga uri mungozi ungabatsira sei vanwiwa vanoderedza marwadzo avo asina kunaka .
Kudzivirira Zvirongwa Zvevechidiki
Doro ichiri kure nemishonga inosarudzwa yevechiri kuyaruka muUnited States. Kuvhara kunwa doro kunotoda kuedza kukuru kuedza kuchinja mhuri yavo uye / kana hutano hwemagariro kudzivirira, kana kuderedza kunonoka, kushandisa kwavo doro.
Ikozvino kuedza kwekudzivirira kunosanganisira avo vanocherechedza mabasa avo uye kuderedza kusvika kwavo kunwa doro. Mamwe emabasa aya anosanganisira kushandiswa kwemitemo yemakore ekunwa kwepamutemo , mishandirapamwe yevhidhiyo inotarisa vechidiki, kuwedzera mitero kune doro, kuderedza vechidiki kuratidzira kudhakwa kwekudhakwa nekuvandudzirwa kwehuwandu hwemagariro evanhu.
Chikoro-Chakatsigira
Zvinonzwisisika, chikamu chinokosha chezvirongwa zvekuchengetedza vanhu vechidiki zvinosanganisira mapurogiramu ekupindira muchikoro. Kutsvakurudza kwakawana kuti kunyanya kushanda kwezvirongwa izvi zvine zvinotevera:
- Ruramisa nhema yokuti "munhu wese" ari kunwa.
- Dzidzisai vaduku nzira dzokuti kwete doro.
- Shandisa nzira dzokudzidzisa dzakabatana.
- Itai vabereki nevamwe zvikamu zvemunharaunda.
- Dzokororai nyaya yacho pamusoro pemakore kuti musimbise mharidzo.
- Kupa ruzivo uye rubatsiro rwevadzidzisi nevadzidzi.
- Ive tsika uye kubudirira pane chinangwa.
Comprehensive Community Programs
Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti kupindira kwechikoro kunoshanda zvakanaka kana kune ruzivo rwakakwana rwekudzivirira humo munzvimbo. Kubudirira kwemagariro emunharaunda kunosanganisira kukanganisa kudhakwa kwekutengesa kune vana vaduku, kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemitemo yekunwa doro , uye kuchinja mitemo yezvinodhakwa mumagariro evanhu, pamwe nekuwedzera kwevanhu kuziva nezvezvinetso zvinosanganiswa nekunwa kwemuviri.
Kurongeka Kwemhuri-Kurongeka Kwevaduku
Ongororo dzakawanda dzakawana kuti vana vane hukama hwakaoma hwemhuri uye vane vabereki vanobatanidzwa muhupenyu hwavo havakwanisi kutanga kunwa doro.
Nokudaro, mapurogiramu ekudzivirira anotarisana nemitambo yekuberekera vana, kutaurirana kwevana-mubereki nekubatana, uye kutungamirira kwemhuri kunobudirira kwakaratidzwa kuti inoshanda kwazvo mukudzivirira vechidiki kunwa.
College Drinking uye Kudzivirira
Kana mwana nhasi achikwanisa kuzviita kuburikidza nechikoro chesekondari asina kunwa, pane matambudziko makuru mberi kana achienda kukireji. Chikoro chokudhakwa chinoramba chichinyanya kukoshesa zvikoro nevabereki.
Ongororo yepakutanga yakaratidza kuti mazano makuru ekudzivirira ekunwa kunwa akabatanidzwa:
- Brief motivation intervention intervention
- Kuziva-maitiro ekuzvibata
- Kushandura vadzidzi 'zvinotarisirwa pamusoro pewaini
Zvakare, achidzinga nhema yokuti "munhu wese" ari kunwa doro, akawanikwa akabudirira mukuderedza koroji yekudhakwa kunwa. Asi, kutsvakurudza kwemazuva ano kwakapokana nekubudirira kwezvimwe zvekuedza kwekudzivirira, kusanganisira kupindira kwenguva pfupi, kunyanya kana zviyero izvi zvichitengeswa paIndaneti.
Zvinyorwa muBasa Rokushanda
Basa rekushanda mukana wekutaura nevanonwisa dambudziko nemapurogiramu ekudzivirira vangave vasati vamboiswa pachena munzanga. Vashandi vanogona kuderedza kurasikirwa kwehupfumi uye kuwedzera mari yekurapa nekutanga mapurogiramu anobatsira vashandi.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinobudirira zvezvirongwa izvi, maererano neNIAAA, inosanganisira mapurogiramu emararamiro emararamiro anokurudzira vashandi kudzikisa kushungurudzika, kuvandudza kudya kunovaka muviri uye kudzidzira, uye kuderedza tsika dzakashata dzakadai sekunwa, kusvuta, nekushandisa zvinodhaka.
Kudzivirira muMasoja
Mune zveuto, pangozi yakawanda, nguva yakareba uye yakawanda inoshandiswa yakawanikwa kuwedzera zvipingamupinyi zvekuwedzera doro rinoshandiswa. Kutaura zvazviri, mitengo yekudhakwa kwakanyanya mumauto anosvika makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi matatu kusvika makumi matatu makumi mashanu ndeyepamusoro makumi matanhatu kubva kuzana kubva kune vanhu vakawanda muzera iroro.
Kuedza kudzivirira zvehondo kunosanganisira kuderedza kuwanikwa kwewaini kunopoteredza zvigaro zvehondo. Izvi zvinosanganisira: kutarisa chiziviso, kuve nechokwadi chekuti vatengesi vezvinodhaka havashandi vana, vachiwedzera kuvhara kwekutengesa kunodhakwa, kuwedzera huwandu hwevanhu vanoziva, uye kukurudzira mabasa akasiyana-siyana asingasanganisi doro.
Hurongwa hwehurumende nemitemo yeAdha
Kune imwe nzvimbo, hurongwa hwehurumende hunogona kudzivirira kunwa doro zvisina kufanira kupfuura mamwe maitiro, nokuti inobata huwandu hwevanhu vakawanda. Nzira nemitemo zvinogona kukanganisa kuwanikwa kwewaini uye migumisiro yakaipa yekushandiswa kwayo.
Mimwe yemitemo nemitemo yakave yakakosha zvikuru inosanganisira kuderedza mutemo wekutengesa kunodhakwa kusvika ku 0.08, kuregererwa kwemafambisi ekufambisa kwepamusoro yeBAC rekodhi, kusimudza nguva shomanana yekunwa, nekugadza mitemo yekushushikana kwevatyairi vaduku.
Migumisiro yeDoro Mitengo
Imwe nzvimbo iyo hurumende inogona kuita nayo kunwa doro kushandiswa kudhakwa iri mukusimudza mitero painwa. Kutsvakurudza kwakaratidza kuti kuwedzera kwemitengo yezvinwiwa zvinokonzerwa nekuderedza kushandiswa.
Kuwedzerwa kwemitoro inodhaka kunoderedza kunwa kwete kwete chete muhuwandu hwevanhu asi mumapoka akaipisisa sevanonwa doro, vechidiki, uye vechidiki.
Kunyanya Doro Kudzivirira Mitemo
Hurumende dzemunharaunda dzine zvimwe zvishandiso zvavanogona kushandisa kuti kuderedze kuwanikwa uye migumisiro yakaipa yekushandisa doro, izvo zvakaratidzwa zvakaoma:
- Kumanikidzika mudiki wekunwa kwezera
- Kuongororwa kwewaini yakasvibiswa
- Zviyero pamaawa uye mazuva ekudhakwa kwewaini
Kuderedza Kudiwa KweSosaiti
Kushandisa nzira idzi dzehupupuriro hwekudzivirira kunogona kuderedza mari yakawanda yekudhakwa kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka kuvanhu uye kuvanhu. Mharaunda, zvikoro uye nzvimbo dzebasa zvinokwanisa kusvika kune vanonwa dambudziko vane mharidzo uye mazano.
Zvichakadaro, iyo NIAAA iri kuramba ichitsvakurudza ruzivo mukugadzirwa kwenzira itsva dzekupa maitiro anobatsira ekudzivirira.
Sources:
Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control uye Kudzivirira. "Chokwadi Mapheti - Kunyorera Kunwa." Doro Nehutano Hwevanhu Vose November 2015
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. "Kudzivisa Kunwa Doro Kudhakwa Nekudhakwa - Chimwe Chinoitika." Alcohol Alert Akawana muna February 2016