Wana chokwadi pamusoro peLSD
Chii chaicho chiri asidi? Acid, kana lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), isiri mishonga isingabvumirwi mishonga inobva kune fungus yakaoma inokura pa rye, inozivikanwa se ergot. Acid ndiyo inonyanyozivikaniswa hallucinogenic drug, uye nemhaka yemigumisiro yakawedzerwa yemishonga, ruzivo rwekutora kana "kudonha" asidi inozivikanwa se "rwendo" kana "asidi rwendo."
Nhoroondo yeLSD
I- psychoactive yeaidhi yakawanikwa zvakangoerekana yaitika naDkt. Albert Hofmann, nyanzvi yemitsvakurudzo inoshandira Sandoz Company, muna 1943.
Dr. Hofmann akanga achigadzira LSD-25, uye mamwe makristasi echinhu chacho akanga atanga kusangana neminwe yake uye akabatanidzwa kuburikidza neganda rake. Pakati pemasikati, paanenge achishanda, Hofmann akatanga kunzwa achinetseka uye asingagari. Akaenda kumba, uye akaziva "chinhu chisingafadzi- chinodhakwa -chakafanana, chinoratidzwa nemafungiro anokurudzira zvikuru."
Hofmann akasarudza kuzviedza pachake, ndokutora chiduku chechirwere. Mushure memaminitsi makumi mana, akatanga kutanga kusviba, kushungurudzika, kucherechedza maonero ekuona, zviratidzo zvekuora mitezo uye chido chokuseka. Hora gare gare, akaenda kumba nebhasikoro, iyo yakanga yakaoma, yakapiwa migumisiro yeLSD. Akakumbira mukaka kubva kune mumwe muvakidzani, uyo akaonekwa se "muroyi ane utsinye, asinganyengeri ane mask." Akavawo nemanzwiro asina kunaka pamusoro pake.
Kutenda kuti lysergic acid yakanga inogona kushandiswa muuropiology neyepfungwa, akaenderera mberi nemhuka yekuedza uye nekuwedzera zvidzidzo zvevanhu.
Izvo zvakawanikwa kuti pamwe nevanhu uye mhuka, zvakaonekwa seine simba rekuputsa hupenyu, uye zvakaratidzika kuratidza kukwanisa kwevanhu "avo vakagadziriswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma [ivo] vanogona kudaro kubatsirwa kuti vasunungure ivo pachavo kubva pakugadzirisa kwavo uye vari voga. " LSD yakabudisa zviyeuchidzo zvenguva refu zvakakanganwa uye matambudziko mumusana, izvo zvingagona kushandiswa kuburikidza nerapeutically.
Kushandisa nekushandisa zvisina kunaka LSD
LSD yakashandiswa mumakiriniki eEuropean Psychotherapy mune imwe nzira inonzi psycholytic therapy - zvinoreva "kukanganiswa kwemakakatanwa kana kukakavhiringidzika mupfungwa dzevanhu - umo varwere vanozviratidza ivo pachavo kuburikidza nekukora uye kupora pavanenge vari pasi pemafungiro ekuenzanisa kwakasimba kweLSD, pamusoro pezvikamu Zvimwe nzira, inozivikanwa se- psychedelic therapy - zvinoreva "pfungwa-kuratidzira" kana "kukura pfungwa" -kubatanidza varwere vanotora imwe nhamba yakakwirira yeLSD, mushure mekunyora kwekugadzirira kwepfungwa, kuedza kugadzirisa uye kuporesa murwere Zvinetso zvehumunhu. LSD yakaonekwa zvakare semuenzaniso wepfungwa , uye sekurapa kwekutambudzika kukuru kunosangana nekenza.
LSD yakatanga kushandiswa kuzvidzora, uye yakanga yakakurumbira zvikuru muma1960, apo yakanga ichiri yemutemo. Yakakurudzirwa naDr. Timothy Leary naRichard Alpert paHarvard University. Vanhu vazhinji vane chinangwa chakanaka vakakurudzira kushandiswa kweLSD, vachifunga kuti yakaparadzira rudo nerunyararo uye vakaputsa masangano evanhu vakadzvinyirira uye vanodzvinyirira. Asi izvi hazvina kuratidza kuti ndizvo, uye pakuguma kwema1960, rutivi rune ngozi rweLSD rwakaratidzwa. Mishumo yezviitiko, kuputsika kwepfungwa, kuparwa kwemhosva, kuponda nekuzviuraya zvakataurwa, pamwe nekugadzikana kwepfungwa kune mishonga, zvichikonzera kusagadzikana kwevanhu munharaunda pamusoro peLSD.
Achiziva ngozi dzechirwere ichi, Sandoz akarega kubudiswa kweLSD uye kuparadzirwa muna 1965, uye vanachipfungwa vepfungwa vakasiya kushandisa kwayo mukurapa.
Kunyange zvazvo LSD yakatsvaga uye yakasununguka pakuzivikanwa, yakaramba iine chirafu pane zvisiri pamutemo zvinodhaka. Yakadzokorora mukurumbira munguva yeAcid House movement yema1980, asi izvi zvakanyanyiswa zvikuru nekusimudzirwa kwekutanga ecstasy , zvakare crystal meth .
Sources
Collin, M. naMwarifrey, J. Akachinja State: Nhau yeEcstasy Culture uye Acid House. London: Mutsara weNyoka. 1997.
Hofmann, A. LSD My Problem Child. New York: St Martin's Press. 1983.
Stevens, J. Storming Denga: LSD uye American Dream. London: Paladin. 1989.