Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakawanda vachiti huchenjeri hwavo hunoratidzika sehuchiri kupera sezvavanokura, tsvakurudzo inoratidza kuti apo huwandu hweuchenjeri hunotanga kuderera mushure mekuyaruka, ruzivo rwakakosha runoramba huchiwedzera mukukura kwevanhu vakuru.
Ndezvipi zvinonzwisisika uye zvakanyatsogadziriswa? Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Raymond Cattell akatanga kuronga pfungwa dzehutachiona uye dzakagadziriswa huchenjeri uye akawedzerazve dzidziso naJohn Horn.
Iyo Cattell-Horn nyanzvi yekunyorovesa uye yakagadziriswa inyanzvi inoratidza kuti huchenjeri hunoumbwa nehutano hwakasiyana hunobatanidza uye hushanda pamwe chete kuti hugadzire huwandu humwe huchenjeri.
Chii chinonzi Fluid Intelligence?
Cattell akarondedzera kuchenjera kwemhepo se "... kukwanisa kuona hukama hwakasununguka nemitambo yakagara yapfuura kana murayiridzo pamusoro pehukama hwakadaro."
Uchenjeri hunosvibisa hunosanganisira kukwanisa kufunga nekufungisisa zviri pachena uye kugadzirisa zvinetso. Iko kukwanisa kunofungidzirwa kusingagumi kwekudzidza, ruzivo, uye dzidzo. Mienzaniso yekushandiswa kwemhepo inonzwisisa inosanganisira kugadzirisa puzzles uye kuuya nemigadzirisa kugadzirisa matambudziko .
Uchenjeri hunotyisa hunoita kuti uwedzere pakupera kwekukura.
Chii Chinonzi Crystallized Intelligence?
Crystallized intelligence inosanganisira ruzivo runobva pakudzidza kwekare uye zvakaitika kare. Mamiriro ezvinhu anoda kubhadhara huchenjeri hunosanganisira kuverenga kunzwisisa uye mazwi ekuraira.
Rudzi urwu rweuchenjeri hunobva pazvokwadi uye rwakadzika muzviitiko. Apo patinenge tichikura uye tichiunganidza hutsva hutsva nekunzwisisa, huchenjeri hunogadziriswa hunowedzera.
Sezvaunogona kutarisira, rudzi urwu rweuchenjeri runowedzera kuwedzera nezera.
Fluid vs. Crystallized Intelligence
Maererano naKnox (1977), "... ivo vanoumba hutano hwepasi pose hwekudzidza, kufunga nekugadzirisa zvinetso izvo vanhu vakawanda vanotaura sehuchenjeri.
Fluid uye kristallized intelligence inobatanidza mune kuti mamwe mabasa okudzidza anogona kunyatsogona kuburikidza nekushandisa mvura yakasvibira kana yakanyatsogadziriswa. "
Mhando mbiri dzehuchenjeri dzakakosha zvakaenzana muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Somuenzaniso, paunotora kuongorora kwepfungwa, iwe unogona kuvimba neuchenjeri hwemhepo kuti uuye nesarudzo yekugadzirisa dambudziko revanhu, asi iwe unofanirawo kushandisa shanduro yakagadziriswa kuti uyeuke mazwi chaiwo aunoda kushandisa.
Uchenjeri hwemhepo pamwe chete neshamwari yake, crystallized intelligence, zvose zviri zviviri izvo Cattell airehwa semukuru wechenjeri. Kunyange zvazvo kusvibiswa kweuchenjeri kunosanganisira kukwanisa kwedu kwekufunga uye kubata nemashoko akaoma akaipoteredza, huchenjeri hunogadziriswa hunosanganisira kudzidza, ruzivo uye unyanzvi hunowanikwa muupenyu hwose.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti pasinei nezita racho, krisheni yakagadziriswa haisi yehutachiona hwekudzivirira huve huri 'kumira.' Pane kudaro, zvinhu zviviri zveuchenjeri huzhinji zvinofungidzirwa zvakasiyana uye zvakasiyana.
Fluid uye Crystallized Intelligence Muhupenyu Hwose
Utsi hwemhepo inoyevedza uye hwakakonzerwa hunochinja kuhupenyu hwose, nehumwe hutano hwepfungwa huchiona pane dzimwe nzvimbo .
Uchenjeri hwemhepo hwakave hwakatendwa huchitenda kuti hunotanga kusvika kare muupenyu, asi kumwe kutsvakurudza kutsva kunoratidza kuti zvimwe zvikamu zveuchenjeri hwekudzivirira zvinogona kukurumidza kusvika makore makumi masere. Crystallized intelligence inowanzove yakakwirira mberi kwehupenyu, ichirova yakapoteredza makore 60 kana 70 .
Zvimwe zvinhu zvekuyeuka pamusoro pemvura yakasvibiswa uye yakagadziriswa:
- Zvose zviviri zvehuchenjeri zvinowedzera muhuduku nekuyaruka.
- Uchenjeri hwemhepo hunobuda mumakore ekuyaruka uye hunotanga kuramba uchitanga zvishoma nezvishoma kutanga makore anenge 30 kana makumi mana.
- Crystallized intelligence inoramba ichikura mukukura kwevanhu vakuru.
Ongororo ichangobva kuitika inoratidzawo kuti kudzidziswa kwehuropi kunogona kuita basa mukuvandudza zvimwe zvikamu zvehutano hwemhepo.
Sources:
Hurley, D. (2012, April 18). Iwe unogona kuzviita wakachenjera here? The New York Times Magazine. Kudzorerwa kubva ku www.nytimes.com/2012/04/22/magazine/can-you-make-yourself-smarter.html
Horn, JL, & Cattell, RB (1967). Zera kusiyana pakati pemhepo yakadzika uye yakagadziriswa. Acta Psychologica , 26, 107-129.
Knox, AB (1977). Kukura kwevanhu vakuru uye kudzidza. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.