Kunzwisisa Mafambiro Akashandiswa Kuedza Mafungiro
Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutsvakurudza , imwe neimwe ine zvinyorwa zvayo uye zvisingabatsiri. Iyo iyo musayendisiti anosarudza inowanzoenderana nechinangwa chekudzidza uye chimiro chechiitiko ichi chiri kudzidza.
Kutsvakurudza kwekugadzira kunopa hutano hwakarongeka hunoshandiswa kuti uongorore pfungwa uye kuongorora kana chikonzero chechokwadi chakanga chiri chakarurama, chisina kururama, kana chisingaenzaniswi.
Kunyange kana iyo pfungwa isinganyengeri, tsvakurudzo inogona kuwanzopa mazano anogona kuratidza kukosha kana kufambisa tsvakurudzo mumutungamiri mutsva.
Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokuita tsvakurudzo. Pano ndiyo yakawanda zvikuru.
Cross-Sectional Research
Kutsvakurudza kwepamuchinjikwa kunosanganisira kutarisa kumapoka akasiyana evanhu vane maitiro chaiwo. Somuenzaniso, muongorori anogona kuongorora boka revakuru vechidiki uye oenzanisa nedhecheche inowanikwa kubva kune boka revanhu vakuru.
Kubatsirwa kworudzi urwu kutsvakurudza ndechokuti kunogona kuitwa nekukurumidza; inotsvakurudza deta yakaungana panguva imwe chete munguva. Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvokuti kutsvakurudza kunopindira kuita sangano rakananga pakati pechikonzero uye chinogadzirisa. Izvi hazvisi nyore nguva dzose. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, pangava nezvinhu zvinokanganisa zvinoita kuti zviitike.
Kusvika pakuguma, chidzidzo chemuchinjikwa chinogona kuratidza kukanganisa kwechiitiko chinowanikwa zvose maererano nematambudziko akakwana (izvo zvinokonzerwa nechimwe chinhu chinoitika kwenguva yakareba) uye nengozi yakakwana (zvinokonzerwa nechimwe chinhu chinoitika mune rimwe boka kana chienzaniswa kune umwe).
Longitudinal Research
Kutsvakurudza kwenguva refu kunosanganisira kudzidza boka rimwechete revanhu pane nguva yakareba. Dhiyabhorosi inounganidzwa pakutanga kwekudzidza uye kuungana kakawanda kuburikidza nekudzidza. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvidzidzo zvemazuva akawanda zvinogona kupera kwemakumi emakumi emakore kana kusununguka.
Chimwe chimiro chakadai ndiyo Terman Study yeThe Gifted yakatanga muma1920 uye ichienderera kusvikira nhasi.
Kubatsira kwekutsvakurudza kwenguva refu ndeyokuti inobvumira vatsvakurudzi kutarisa kuchinja kwemazuva. Kusiyana neizvi, chimwe chezvikanganiso zvakajeka zvinodhura. Nemhaka yekudhura kwekudzidza kwenguva refu, vanowanzovharirwa kune rimwe boka duku rehurukuro kana nzvimbo yakaoma yekucherechedza.
Paunenge uchizarura, zvidzidzo zvezuva refu zvakaoma kushandisa kune vanhu vakawanda. Imwe dambudziko nderokuti vatori vechikamu vanogona kuregerera kubva pakati pekudzidza, kuderedza kuenzanisa ukuru uye zviyamuro zvamaonero. Uyezve, kana mamwe masimba kunze akashanduka panguva yekudzidza (kusanganisira mari, zvematongerwo enyika, uye sayenzi), vanogona kukurudzira zvigaro nenzira inonyanya kukanganisa migumisiro.
Takazviona izvi nekudzidza kweToman umo kuwirirana pakati peIQ nekubudirira kwakasvibiswa nemasimba akadaro anokonzera sokudengenyeka kukuru kweHurumende uye Hondo Yenyika II (izvo zvishoma zvidzidzo zvidzidzo) uye zvematongerwe enyika zvema1940 nema1950 (izvo zvisingakwanisi kutarisira mukadzi) .
Correlational Research
Correlational tsvakurudzo inofanirwa kuziva kana shanduko imwe ine sangano rinoyera nerimwe.
Mune rudzi urwu rwusingaedzi kuongorora, vatsvakurudzi vanotarisa ukama huri pakati pemhando mbiri asi usatauri mhando dzakasiyana ivo pachavo. Pane kudaro, vanounganidza uye vanoongorora dhiyabhorosi iripo uye kupa nhamba yekupedzisira.
Somuenzaniso, vatsvakurudzi vanogona kutarisa kana kubudirira kuchikoro kuchikoro chepuraimari kunotungamirira kumabasa ekubhadhara zviri nani mune ramangwana. Nepo vatsvakurudzi vanogona kuunganidza uye kuongorora iyo data, havaiti chero chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mubvunzo.
Chirongwa chekubatana chinobatsira kana iwe usingagoni kugadzirisa shanduko nokuti zvichida hazvibviri, hazvibatsiri, kana kuti hazvina maturo.
Nepo iwe unogona kuzviisa, somuenzaniso, kuti kugara munzvimbo inofadza kunokuita kuti usanyanya kushanda kubasa rekushanda, hazvingabatsiri uye hazvina musoro kuti ujove iyo yakasiyana-siyana inogadzirwa.
Correlational tsvakurudzo zvakajeka ine zvisingakwanisi. Kunyange zvazvo inogona kushandiswa kuzivisa kushamwaridzana, haisi kureva chikonzero chechiitiko. Nokuti kungofanana kwakasiyana-siyana kune ukama hakurevi kuti kuchinja mune imwe kuchachinja kuchinja mune imwe.
Kuongorora
Kusiyana nekorrelational tsvakurudzo, kuedza kunosanganisira zvose kushandiswa uye kuenzanisa kwezvimwe zvinoshandiswa . Iyi muenzaniso wekutsvakurudza ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa nesayenzi uye inowanzoshandiswa mukurapa, makemikari, psychology, biology, uye zvematongerwe enyika.
Ongororo yekuongorora inoshandisa kushandiswa kunzwisisa chikonzero nemigumisiro mune zvidzidzo zvezvidzidzo. Muenzaniso wacho unoumbwa nemapoka maviri: boka rekuedza iro zvinoshandiswa (zvakadai semishonga kana kurapwa) zvinotanga uye boka rinodzora iro risina kuiswa. Kusarudza mapoka ekuenzanisa kunogona kuitwa nenzira dzinoverengeka:
- Nhamba yevanhu vemuenzaniso iyo iyo nyaya dzinomiririra huwandu hwevanhu
- Randomization mune zvidzidzo zvinosarudzwa kamwe chete kuti zvione kana migumisiro yechitsinhanho inowanikwa nguva dzose
Kunyange zvazvo kuverenga kwekukosha kwekuongorora kwekuedza kwakasimba, ndiko kukanganisa kukuru kunogona kuva kusagutsikana kwekusimbisa . Iyi ndiyo apo mufuridzi wechinangwa chokubudisa kana kugona chigumisiro chisingaenzaniswi chinogona kukanganisa kududzirwa, zvichiita kuti pave nemhedzisiro yechokwadi.
Imwe nzira yekudzivisa izvi ndeyekuita zvidzidzo zviviri zvakapofumara umo vasati vatendi kana vatsvakurudzi vanoziva kuti ndiboka ripi rinotungamirira. Chirwere chepamusoro-chema-randomized controlled (RCT) chinonzi inofanirwa yegoridhe yekutsvakurudza.