Nhoroondo yezita racho inoshanduka
Iwe unogona kunge wakanzwa mazwi ADD uye ADHD anoshandiswa zvakasiyana. Kucherechedza-kusagadzirisa chirwere (ADD) uye kucherechedza-kukanganisa / kusagadzikana kwehutano (ADHD) chaizvoizvo mamiriro akafanana, ndeyekuti ADHD yakave neine mazita akawanda anochinja mumakumi matatu emakore apfuura. Ichi ndechokuti sezvo kutsvakurudza kwakawanda kuchiitwa, kunzwisisa kunowedzera uye zita rakashandurwa kuratidza ruzivo irworwo.
ADHD ndiro Zita Rinotumidzwa
ADHD ikozvino zita rinoshandiswa rechirwere ichi. Zvisinei, vanhu vazhinji vachiri kushandisa izwi rokuti ADD, iro raiva zita rakarongeka kubva muna 1980 kusvika muna 1987.
Vamwe vanhu vanotsamwa kana kuvhiringidzika pavanonzwa kuti ADD uye ADHD yakafanana. Vanonzwa kuti "H," iyo inomiririra kusagadzikana, haina kunyatsotsanangura ivo kana mwana wavo. Kunzwisisa kushanduka kwekuchinja kwezita kunogona kubatsira.
Mhedziso Pfupi Yezita Rokushandura ADHD
Bhuku Rekuongorora uye Statistical of Mental Disorders (DSM) rakabudiswa neAmerican Psychiatric Association. Ndiyo nhungamiro yakazara iyo vanachiremba, vashandi vehutano hwepfungwa, uye makiriniki anoshandisa apo vari kuongorora uye kuongororwa ADHD nemamwe mamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa. Chimwe nechimwe chitsva chekuvandudzwa nekudzokorora kweDMM inotarisirwa nomwoyo wose, sezvo zvinogona kureva kuchinja kukuru kana kuduku mune izvo zvese zvinonzi chimiro, uye nenzira yekuzviongorora, kusanganisira ADHD.
1980
Shanduro yechitatu ye DSM (DSM-III) yakasunungurwa uye zita rechiremera chechiitiko chacho rakazocherechedza-kusagadzirisa dambudziko (ADD). Panguva ino, kushaya simba kwakange kusingaratidziki sechiratidzo chenguva dzose. Zvinyorwa zviviri zveADD zvakaonekwa:
- ADD ne hyperactivity
- ADD musina kushaya simba
1987
Shanduro yakadzokororwa yeDMSM-III yakabudiswa.
Zita rehutano rakagadziriswa-kusakanganiswa kwehutano hwehutano (ADHD). Izvi zvaireva kuti kushaya hutano kwakaratidzwa sechinhu chinokosha che ADHD.
1994
Iyo DSM-IV yakabudiswa, ine geramende shoma shanduko muzita racho. Zita rehurumende raive ikozvino-kutadza-kukanganisika / kusagadzikana kwehutano. Kuvhiringidzwa pakati pekucherechedza-kukanganisa uye kusagadzikana kwepfungwa kwakaratidza chimwe chinhu chinoreva. Iwe unogona kuva nemamwe kana maviri subtypes. Iwe hauna kufanira kuva usina kumira zvakanaka kuti uonekwe neAdHD. Aya matatu mazita akadanwa ainzi:
- Kucherechedza-kukanganisa / kushaya hutano, chirwere chakabatanidzwa
- Kucherechedza-kukanganisa / kusagadzikana kwehutano, rudzi rwakanyanya kunyanyisa
- Kuchengetedza-kukanganisa / kushaya hutachiona chirwere, chinonyanya kushandiswa-chinokanganisa
2013
Shanduro yechishanu yeDSM yakabudiswa (DSM-5). Aya mazana matatu eADHD anoramba ari akafanana, asi iye zvino anonzi mharidzo panzvimbo ye subtypes. Dzinosanganisira:
- Kucherechedza-kukanganisa / kusagadzikana kwehutano, kusanganiswa mharidzo
- Kucherechedza-kukanganisa / kusagadzikana kwehutano, mhedziso isingatarisiri
- Kucherechedza-kukanganisa / kushaya huwandu hwehutano hwakanyanya, husinganzwisisiki-kusagadzikana mharidzo.
DSM-5 inofunga kuti zviratidzo zvinowanikwa sei muvana nevakuru.
Iyi ndiyo nhau dzakanaka, sezvazvaifungidzirwa kuti ADHD yakakura yakanga isingarirwi muDMM yapfuura.
Kushandisa Term ADD
Iwe unogona kushandisa izwi rokuti ADD uye vanhu vachakurumidza kukunzwisisa. Vanachiremba vakawanda, vanachiremba, uye vanyori vanoshandisa ADD kuti vatire kusateerera uye kushandisa ADHD kurondedzera mumwe munhu ane utsinye. Vamwe vanhu vanoshandisa ADD uye ADHD zvakasiyana. Zvisinei, kana iwe uchikwanisa kugadzirisa pfungwa kubva kuAdd kusvika ADHD, inobatsira kudzivisa kukanganisa nekuchengetedza iwe-kusvika-nguva nemashoko anowanikwa.
The Hyperactivity Component
Vanhu vazhinji vane ADHD vasina hanya vanofunga kuti kushandisa kusasarura muzita remamiriro ezvinhu avo vakavhiringidza kusangana kwavo.
Kakawanda apo vanhu varipo vanonzwa ADHD, vanobva vafunga "kushaya simba" uye havanzwisisi hunyengeri hwemashoko akasiyana. Zvechokwadi, haufaniri kugoverana iwe unongororwa nomumwe munhu, asi kana ukasarudza, unogona kujekesa zvishomanana uye kutsanangura kuti haina kutora ADHD, iyo inobatsira kutsanangurira pakarepo.
Vakawanda vakura vane hutano husina kuchena-vasingagadziri ADHD havafungi kuti "H" inonyatsorondedzera ivo zvakare. Apo patinofunga nezvekushaya simba, mwana anonyanya kushanda uye asingakwanisi kugara akadzikira mukirasi anouya mupfungwa. Sezvo munhu mukuru, kushaya hanya kunogona kuzviratidza nenzira dzisinganyatsooneki. Semuenzaniso, unogona kunge uine workaholic tendencies, kutaura zvakawanda, fidget nguva dzose, kana kutyaira nekukurumidza. Izvo zvinogonawo kuti iwe hausi sehupenzi sezvakambove uri. Shanduro yechishanu ye DSM inoziva kuti mharidzo yeAdHD inogona kuchinja munguva yehupenyu hwake.
> Kwakabva:
> American Psychiatric Association. Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC; 2013.