Kunyanya Kuswedera Pedyo neboka Remutambo May May Chikonzero Phobias
Gulutikiti chinhu chinoitika mupfungwa chinowanikwa apo boka rinoumba maonero anokurumidza anofanana neboka rechibvumirano, panzvimbo yekuongororongedza zvakadzama mashoko. Mass hysteria inogona kuonekwa semuenzaniso wakanyanya weboka.
Boka rakataridzika rinowanzoitika kakawanda apo mutungamiriri anoremekedzwa kana anokunyengetedza aripo, nhengo dzinokurudzira kubvumirana nemafungiro ake.
Boka rekundi pane dzimwe nguva rakanaka asi rinowanzoonekwa mune zvakaipa, kunyanya muU.S. uye kune dzimwe nyika dzinoshandisa maonero evanhu.
The History of Groupthink
Gulu rekinyanya inowanzobatanidzwa nebhizimisi, zvematongerwe enyika uye nekugadzirisa kwematongerwo enyika, asi inobatanidzawo nehutano hwemagariro evanhu pamwe chete.
Izwi rokuti "groupthink" rakagadzirwa kutanga kwema1970 nechepfungwa dzepfungwa Irving L. Janis. Muna 1972, Janis akabudisa bhuku rake Victims of Groupthink: A Psychological Study of Foreign-Decisions Decisions naFiascoes . Mairi, akarondedzera "groupthink" se "pfungwa yekufambisa kubvumirana chero zvakakosha zvinoderedza kusagadzikana uye kuongororwa kwezvimwe nzira mumakwikwi ekugadzirisa mazano."
Janis akacherechedza zviratidzo zvitanhatu zveboka, izvo zvaisanganisira kunyengedzwa kwekuvhiringidzika, kuzvidzora uye kunyatsomanikidza.
Janis akapomerwa mhosva yeboka rezvematongerwo enyika e "fiascos" sezvakaitwa neBay of Pigs, kukundikana kugadzirira kurwiswa kwePearl Harbor, kukura kweHondo yeVietnam uye kuvhara kweAggate.
Nyanzvi dzakapfuurira kupomera mhosva dzakadaro sekare sechisarudzo chekutanga nzvimbo yakaparadzwa yakavharirwa Challenger, Iran-Contra affair, uye Enron kunyadziswa pamusoro peboka.
Groupthink uye Mass Hysteria
Zvinotendwa kuti groupthink inowedzera sezvo boka rekubatana kwevanhu richiwedzera. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kutsanangura chiitiko chepfungwa chinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwemhepo.
Mass hysteria inozivikanwawo sehosha yehutachiona, hutachiona hwepfungwa, uye hutano hwemagariro evanhu. Maererano nekuongorora kwekutsvakurudza kwakaitwa muna 1997 naJohn Hopkins University School of Hygiene uye Hurongwa Hwehutano Hwevanhu, huwandu hwehutano "boka renyeredzi rezviratidzo zvinoratidzira kurwara kwehupenyu, asi pasina chikonzero chinozivikanwa, icho chinoitika pakati pevanhu vaviri kana kupfuura vanobatana nezvitendero zvakabatana zviratidzo izvozvo. " I "inoratidzika senharaunda yezvemagariro evanhu inosanganisira vamwe vanhu vane utano hwakanaka."
Dzimwe nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzinofunga kuwanda kwehutano inzira yeboka. Muzviitiko zvehutano huzhinji, nhengo dzeboka dzinokura kutya kumwecheteko kunowanzosvikirira kutyisa. Nhengo dzeboka dzinodyidzana pamagariro ehumwe, zvichiita kuti kutyisa kuwedzere.
Ive Salem uroyi miedzo uye kutyisa pamusoro peHondo yeHurumende yekushambapwa kweredhiyo inogona kuonekwa semuenzaniso wehuwandu hwehupenyu hwakabatana neboka.
Imwe nyaya yakawanda inoparidzirwa yepamusoro inokonzerwa nehuwandu hwemaitiro yakaitika muna 2011 nechekumusoro kweNew York apo vasikana vechidiki vachibva kuchikoro chesekondari vakatanga kutaridza chirwere chisina kutsanangurwa chinokanganisa.
Sources:
Classics of Organization Theory. Chitsauko 15, "Groupthink: The Desperate Drive ye Consensus Pasinei Nezvose," Irving L. Janis.
New York Times. "Chii Chakaitika Kuvasikana MuLe Roy?" Susan Dominus.
> Vakatambudzwa neboka: Kunodzidza kwepfungwa kune dzimwe nyika-sarudzo uye mafiascoes. Irving L. Janis.