Apo Doro, Zvinodhaka kana Mishonga Zvinokonzera Matambudziko Akaoma Nokushanda Kwebongo
Kucherechedza neurocognitive disorder nekuda kwezvinhu / kushandiswa kwemishonga uye kukanganiswa kwemaurocognitive nekuda kwezvinhu / kushandiswa kwemishonga inonzi mazita ekuongororwa newaini-kana kuti zvinodhaka zvinokonzerwa nehutano hwekusagadzikana- "chikuru" zviri pachena kuva chimiro chakanyanya.
Kusiyana nematambudziko ekushanda kwepfungwa anoitika panguva yekudhakwa kana neine hangover mangwanani mangwanani mushure mekushandisa doro-izvo zvinopfuura nekukurumidza-unyoro hwehutano hwepfungwa hunoramba huchikonzera kuoma nekushanda kwepfungwa nguva dzose.
Kune vamwe vanhu, inogona kukanganisa kushanda kwezuva nezuva kwekusingaperi.
Vanhu vazhinji vanovandudza chirwere chinonzi neurocognitive after mushure mekushandisa doro, zvinodhaka, kana mishonga, havazivi kuti vane matambudziko aya. Mhuri neshamwari vangave ndivo vokutanga kuona zvirwere nekuteerera, vachiyeuka zvinhu zvinokosha zvavanofanira kuita, uye kuronga zvakanaka kuchengetedza hupenyu hwavo. Kutaura zvazviri, matambudziko ayo vanhu vane chirwere chisina kuchena neurocognitive nemhaka yemishonga kana mishonga anoshandisa ruzivo inogona kungobatsirwa chete nemhuri kana shamwari dzinopa kana kuronga kuwedzera rubatsiro rwemunhu muupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva.
Ndezvipi Kukanganiswa Kwekufunga?
Kukanganisa kwepfungwa kune matambudziko nekushanda kwepfungwa. Kushanda kwepfungwa kunokonzerwa nekufungisisa kusvika pakuyeuka, kubva pakugadzirisa manzwiro pakugadzirira ramangwana, kana kunyangwe kurongedza zvokudya zvako nemabasa zvemazuva ano. Kushanda kwepfungwa kunodawo kudzora muviri wako kufamba, kuenzanisa, kurongeka, uye kutaura, kukurukurirana kwemarudzi ose, uye kunzwisisa nokunaka pamwe nevamwe vanhu.
Kunyangwe kuziva vanhu uye kuziva basa ravanoita muupenyu hwako kunodzorwa nekushanda kwepfungwa.
Saka kana zvikanganiso zvekufunga zvikaitika, munhu anogona kukurumidza kuwana hupenyu hwakaoma kurarama nawo, uye zvinetso zvinogona kukurumidza kukurumidza. Dambudziko guru kune vanhu vane nhoroondo yekunwa kana kushandisa zvinodhaka ndeyekuti vanogona kudzokera kune nzira idzi dzisina kunaka dzekugadzirisa zvinetso, vachiita kugadzirisa kushanda zvakanyanya.
Kukanganisa kwepfungwa kunogona kuitika sechikamu chehutano hweuropi, asi pavanenge vachida kushandisa chinhu kana kushandiswa kwemishonga, kune kuora kana kuwedzera kwehutano hwepfungwa dzaive pahupamhi hwekushanda. Pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvekunzwisisa zvinogona kuitika sechikamu chechiitiko ichi, kusanganisira:
- Dambudziko rekucherechedza kana kuisa pfungwa pane zvauri kuita kana zviri kuitika zvakapoteredza iwe
- Dambudziko ne "executive functioning"; unyanzvi hwakafanana nekuita zvirongwa zvemangwana, kudzora mafungiro kuita zvinhu zvisingave zvakanaka, kunyanya munguva yakareba, nekuita zvisarudzo pamusoro pezvinhu zvose kubva pane zvaunofanira kupfeka nezuva rinopisa kana kutonhorera kurongwa kwemari kwemakore gumi anotevera
- Kudzidza unyanzvi hutsva-izvi hazvirevi kungodzidza kuchikoro, kana unyanzvi hwokudzidza sekufambisa, asi kudzidza zvinhu zvezuva nezuva isu tose tinoda kuita, sekudzidza kushandisa rudzi idzva rwe teknolojia
- Zvinetso nekuyeuka ruzivo-kwete chete zvakaoma, zvinyorwa zvemashoko, asi mashoko ezuva nezuva, akadai sefoni yako nhamba, aderesi, uye kwaunofanira kuenda nhasi
- Matambudziko anekutaura uye kukurukura zvakajeka nevamwe vanhu
- Unyanzvi-ruzivo rwemotokari-kuti unodzora sei muviri wako nekufamba, kunyange chimwe chinhu chaunotora zvishoma, zvakadai sokufamba
- Kuziva zvevanhu uye kunzwisisa kwevamwe vanhu-kubva mukubata vanhu vane hanya uye vane ruremekedzo kuburikidza kuziva kana mumwe munhu achiedza kukubvisa
Icho Chimwe Chinhu Chinokonzerwa Here kana Kuti Chirwere Chiripo Chaipo?
Apo vanachiremba kana vanachiremba vepfungwa vanopa kuongororwa kwehutano hwehutachiwana hunokonzerwa nehutachiwana / kushandiswa kwemishonga, vanocherechedza kuti vaone kuti kupererwa kwekufungisisa kwakanga kusiripo munhu asati ashandisa doro, zvinodhaka, kana mishonga inofungidzirwa kuti inotungamirira zvinetso.
Izvi ndezvokuti kune marudzi akasiyana ehutachiona hwehutano, uye kana zviratidzo izvi zvaivapo isati yashandiswa kushandisa, munhu wacho angangodaro asingatambudziki nemutambo / mishonga-inokonzerwa neurocognitive disorder, asi panzvimbo pacho, imwe mhando yehutachiona hwehutano.
Kune vanhu vane nhoroondo yakareba yekushandisa zvinhu, zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kuziva kuti chii chakauya pakutanga-icho chinoshandiswa kushandisa kana chirwere chekuziva-asi izvi zvinowanzogadziriswa nekutora nhoroondo yakanyatsogadziriswa yezvinhu zvinoshandiswa nekushandisa kugona, pamwe chete kunyatsochenjerera kudhekisi nechinguva refu chokurega zvose zvinodhaka, zvinodhaka, uye mishonga ingangodaro yakaita kuti chirwere chacho chiwedzere.
Nenguva Pfupi Kubata Kushandisa Zvinodhaka Zvinetso Zvisingagadziriswe Neurocognitive Zvingaitwa?
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinetso zveutachiona zvinogona kuitika nokukurumidza pashure pokunge watora mishonga kana mishonga. Sezvo uropi husingawanzoshanda zvakanakisisa panguva yekudhakwa kwezvinodhaka uye kuregera , zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kuvanachiremba kuziva kana zvinetso zvepfungwa izvo munhu ari kutarisana zvinokonzerwa nekuderera kunonoka kwehutano hwehuropi hunoita mushure mekushandisa doro kana kushandisa zvinodhaka kwenguva refu.
Kazhinji, unyanzvi hwepfungwa huchavandudza zvakawanda mukati memazuva mashomanana ekurega kunwa kana kushandisa zvinodhaka, uye ramba uchivandudza apo munhu wacho anofamba nenzira yekudzidzira kwemavhiki mashomanana anotevera. Dzimwe nguva, zvinogona kutora mwedzi kana kunyange makore ekushanda kudzokera kune zvakasikwa. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kunyange kana munhu wacho achivandudza, zvinetso zvinogona kuramba zvichiramba, uye zvinowanzoshanda zvinogona kunge zvisingadzokeri zvakakwana.
Pakupedzisira, kuti kuongororwa kwezvinyoro (panzvimbo pekuru) chirwere chepfungwa neurocognitive nemhaka yemishonga / kushandiswa kwemishonga kunopiwa, munhu wacho acharamba achizvimiririra mumabasa ezuva nezuva, sekubhadhara zvikwereti kana kuchengetedza mishonga, asi izvi zvinogona kutora zvakaoma kana nzira dzokubhadhara, kana munhu angada rubatsiro rwakawedzerwa kuti aite.
Ndezvipi Zvinodhaka Chikonzero Chinhu-Chinonzi Neurocognitive Disorder?
Zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvepfungwa zvinokonzera kukanganisa kunetseka kwehana neurocognitive disorder nekuda kwezvinhu / kushandisa mishonga, kusanganisira zvinotevera:
Doro
Tinoziva zvakawanda pamusoro pehutano hwehutano hwehutano muvashandisi vezvinodhaka kupfuura kune vamwe vashandisi vezvinodhaka, nokuti tsvakurudzo dzakawanda dzave dzichiitwa kune vanonwa kudarika kune vanoshandisa zvinodhaka, uye kunwa kwedoro pahutano hwehuropi hunonyatsozivikanwa.
Vanenge makumi matatu kusvika ku40 muzana yevanwiwa zvinodhaka vane imwe yoro doro-inokonzera unyoro neurocognitive disorder, mumwedzi wokutanga kana maviri mushure mokunge varega kunwa. Zvinetso izvi zvinowanzopfuurira kwenguva refu kune vanhu vane makore makumi mashanu kana kupfuura vasati varega kunwa. Kunyange zvazvo kuongororwa kwepfungwa kunoratidza kuti uropi hwavo huri kushanda zvakajairika, vanhu vane chirwere ichi vangave vasingazivi kuti havakwanisi, saka mhuri neshamwari vangave ndivo vanoona kuti munhu ane dambudziko.
Inhalants
Vanhu vanogona dzimwe nguva vanotambura nehutano hwehutachiona hwehutano hwakangodaro mushure mekunge wadhakwa nemishonga isingabatsiri , uye kune vamwe vanhu-kunyange mushure mokunge varega kubatika-zvinetso izvi zvinogona kupfuurira. Chidzidzo chevashandisi vasingashandisi chinoratidza kuti vazhinji vakange vachinjeka zvikuru mushure memakore maviri ekurega kushandiswa kwekushandisa, uye vazhinji vakange vadzokera kumagariro ekugadzirisa kwemaitiro mushure memakore gumi nemashanu ekurega.
Izvo zvaiva boka revanhu vasina kushandisa avo vakanga vatanga 'lead encephalopathy' kubva kutungamirira petroleum (petrooline) inhalation. Vanhu ava vakaramba vaine hutachiona hwehutano hwehutano hwemhepo kunyange makore gumi nemashanu mushure mekurega kunwisa petero. Mune zviitiko izvi, chirwere chacho chinogona kunge chisina kunyoro asi chinogona kuva chakanyanya, zvinoreva kuti kukwanisa kweunhu kushanda zvakasununguka kunokanganiswa zvikuru.
Cocaine
Inenge chikamu chetatu chevanhu vanoshandisa cocaine ruzivo rwakaoma rwehana neurocognitive disorder mushure mokunge varega cocaine , nevamwe vanhu vachiramba vachiine matambudziko aya kwenguva refu mushure mokunge varega. Chimwe chidzidzo chakaratidza kuti vanhu vari kushandiswa kwevashandi vekocaine vanoita zvakanyanyisa mukuedza kwakasiyana-siyana kwehutano hwehutano kupfuura vanhu vezera rimwe chete vasingashandisi cocaine, pasinei nezera ravo. Zvisinei, chidzidzo ichocho chakaratidza kuti vashandi vekare ve cocaine vanoita zvakanyanya kuipa pakuongororwa kwemashoko akangwara ekugadzirisa zvakadai sepfungwa dzenguva yekukurumidza, kutarisa, uye kurangarira kwenguva pfupi kupfuura vashandisi vaduku veka cocaine.
Kunyange zvazvo zvisizvo uye zvechisikirwo kuti vanhu vane ruzivo rwehutano hwekushaya ruzivo rwokuderera nezera, izvi zvinowanzoitika kudarika zvinowanzozivikanwa kune vashandi vekare vekucocaine. Nokudaro, vashandi vekare vekucocaine vari kunyanya kunetseka kune zvinetso zvinouya nezera, sekukwanisa kudzora kufamba kwavo, kuisa pfungwa dzavo pane zvavanoita uye zviri kuitika kune avo, nekuyeuka zvinhu zvose kubva pane zvavanoda kuita nhasi , kune vanhu vanokosha uye zviitiko muupenyu hwavo.
Methamphetamine
Sezvakaita cocaine, inenge chikamu chetatu chevanhu vanoshandisa methamphetamine vanotambura nechirwere chisingaoneki neurocognitive, pamwe nezvinetso zvinoramba zviripo kune vamwe vashandisi mushure mekudzivisa. Matambudziko eurourogognitive anogonawo kubva pane chirwere chinonzi cerebrovascular chinokonzera kukanganisa kana kukanganisa kuora kweuropi. Vakuru vanoshandisa methamphetamine vashandi vari kunyanya kuipa kune vanhu vakashandisawo chironga ketamine.
Opioids
Inenge 33 kusvika ku39 kubva muzana yevanhu vanoshandisa maopioid vane matambudziko ehutano, uye vamwe vanoramba vari nezvinetso kunyange mushure mokunge varega. Kutsvakurudza kwakaratidza kuti vanhu vakuru vanovimba neopioid vane mazinga akakwirira ekushaya hutano kwehutano, vane zvinetso zvakaoma mukudzidza nekuyeuka. Vanhu vakave vakapindwa muropa nedoro uye cocaine pane imwe nguva muupenyu hwavo, uyewo maopioid, vane hutachiona hwakanyanya hwehutano hwakanyanya, kunyanya mukushanda kukuru. Nokuti hutungamiri hwehutano hwakakosha pakuita zvisarudzo, uye nokuti kuva nezvinetso nekudzidza nekuyeuka zvinogona kukanganisa kutora zvakanaka mumashoko, vanhu vane hutachiona hweopioid vangadikanwazve rubatsiro rwekuita zvisarudzo zveutano kupfuura vanhu vazhinji.
Phencylidine
Inenge chikamu chetatu chevashandi ve phencyclidine vane zvinetso zvepakati nepakati mushure mekumira, uye zvinetso zvinoramba zviripo kune vamwe vashandisi mushure mekurega.
Sedative, Hypnotic, kana Anxiolytic Medications
Sezvo nemhando dzakawanda dzemishonga, pane zvinetso zvakatipoteredza kune anenge chetatu chevashandisi veedative, hypnotic, uye anxiolytic mishonga, uye zvinetso zvinoramba zvichiitika kune vamwe vashandisi mushure mekudzivisa. Ichokwadi chokuti vanhu vakawanda vanoshandisa zvinodhaka izvi vanorayirirwa kuti vape zvinetso zvakanyanya, kunyanya nezvimwe zvinhu zvakadai sokufambisa kuora mwoyo. Ongororo yeongororo yakaratidza kukanganisa kwakajeka mukufambisa mano kune vanhu vanoshandisa mishonga iyi. Benzodiazepines, chiratidzo chepakati yenheyo inoodza mwoyo, inobatanidzawo nehuwandu hwekukonzera njodzi.
Shoko Rinobva
Kukanganisa kwepfungwa kunokonzerwa newaini, kushandisa zvinodhaka, kana kushandiswa kwemishonga kunogona kuvhiringidza uye kugumbura uye kunogona kukonzera matambudziko kune munhu anenge akabatwa neavo vakavapoteredza. Mashoko akanaka ndeokuti kana ukarega kunwa kana kushandisa zvinodhaka kana mishonga pasi pekutarisirwa kwehutano, zvinetso zvakanaka kuti uwane kuzorora zvakakwana, kunyange kana izvi zvichitora nguva. Kana iwe kana mumwe munhu waunotarisira akabatwa, kuwana kuongororwa kunobatsira kuziva kuti rubatsiro runodiwa runoshanda zvakanaka muupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Kunobva:
> American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, edition yechishanu, DSM-5. American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
> Chen Y, Wang L, Lin S, Chen C. Neurocognitive profiles yevashandi ve methamphetamine: Kufananidza nevaya vane kana vasingashandisi ketamine kushandisa. Shandisa Kushandisa & Kusashandisa , 50 (14): 1778-1785. 2015.
> Cairney S, O 'Connor N, Currie B, et al. A tarisiro yekuongorora kuchinja kwemhepo makore makumi mana mushure mekunge kusina kushandiswa zvisina kunaka. Addiction , 108 (6): 1107-1114. 2013.
> Dombo B, Correa K, Berka C, et al. Maitiro uye neurophysiological zvinyorwa zvekutengesa kunokonzera kutengesa benzodiazepine. Mitsva In Psychology , 2015.
> Walvoort S, van der Heijden P, Wester A, Kessels R, Egger J. Kuzviziva kwekusagadzikana kwepfungwa: Kuzvidza kuzvidzora uye kugadziriswa kunoitwa nevarwere vane doro-vanoita kuti vanyoro kana kuti chirwere chikuru chinokonzerwa neurocognitive. Psychiatry Research , 245: 291-296. 2016.