A Pfupiso Pfupfupi yeMunda Wakasiyana-siyana
Kutaura zvakanyanya, magwepistori vanoongorora pfungwa nemafambiro, asi nokuti pfungwa dzepfungwa dzakasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana, basa iro mumwe munhu wepfungwa anokwanisa kuita rinogona kusiyanisa. Vanowanzotarisa munharaunda chaiyo, somuenzaniso, uye kune zvakawanda zvepfungwa dzepfungwa. Heino muongorori wezvenzira iyo chiremba wepfungwa anogona kuwedzera ruzivo rwake mune basa.
Mhando mbiri dzeMagariro ePychology
Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzinogona kushanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira zvikoro, zvunivhesiti, zvipatara, makiriniki ega, mahofisi ehurumende, makambani, uye mabhizimisi maduku. Masayendisiti anonyanya kushanda mune imwe yezvikamu zviviri zvakakura: tsvakurudzo yepfungwa kana kushandisa psychology. Kutsvakurudza pfungwa dzepfungwa dzinoongorora hupenyu, hwemagariro, hwemagariro evanhu, hwekunzwisisa, uye zvezvakaberekwa zvepfungwa dzevanhu uye maitiro. Vanowanzoita zvidzidzo uye vanogona kushanda pajijiji kana yunivhesiti, kana kushandiswa nebhizinesi kana hurumende yehurumende.
Kushandiswa kwevashandi vepfungwa vanoshandisa ruzivo rwavo rwehutano hwevanhu kuti vagadzirise matambudziko chaiwo enyika kana kubatsira vanhu kukunda kushungurudzika mupfungwa. Kushandiswa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa kunogona kushanda zvakananga nevarwere munzvimbo yekuchengetwa kwehutano, zvakadai sechipatara, kliniki yehutano hwepfungwa, chikoro, kana tsika yega. Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa dzinogona kushanda muhurumende, zvemabhizimusi, mabhizinesi, kana kuti zvisingabatsiri.
Mukuwedzera pakushandisa ruzivo rwavo rwepfungwa zvakananga, vashandi vanogonawo kuita tsvakurudzo, kupa mazano, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kugadzira mapurogiramu, kana kupa mazano ekufunga.
Zuva Muhupenyu hweMapfungwa
Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzakashandiswa mukutsvaga tsvakurudzo dzinowanzopedza nguva yakawanda dzichirikuza maonero uye kuunganidza deta.
Nzira chaiyo yekutsvakurudza nzira dzavanoshandisa inowanzoenderana nehurukuro yavari kudzidza. Semuenzaniso, vamwe vepfungwa dzepfungwa vanogona kuita tsvakurudzo vachishandisa maitiro ekuongorora, asi vamwe vangashandisa maitiro ekucherechedza. Dzimwe nzira dzinowanzoshandiswa dzinosanganisira kuisa mibvunzo, zvidzidzo zvechiremba, kuongororwa, uye kubvunzurudzwa.
Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzinoshandiswa muzvirongwa zvehutano huzhinji dzinopedza nguva yakawanda yekushanda zvakananga nevatengi. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuongorora kuongororwa nevarwere vatsva, kuongororwa kwepfungwa, nekuita psychotherapy . Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzinowanzotaurirana nevamwe vadzidzisi vehutano, kusanganisira vanachiremba, vanachiremba nevamwe vanyengeri.
Specialty Areas in Psychology
Heano mimwe mimwe mienzaniso yezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoumba musimboti wepfungwa:
Vanachiremba vezvepfungwa vanoita seni rimwe chete rinokosha mune zvepfungwa. Vanachiremba vane masayendisiti anoongorora, kuongorora, uye kubata zvirwere zvepfungwa. Vanowanzoshanda munzvimbo dzehutano hwepfungwa, maitiro ega ega kana eboka, kana zvipatara.
Munharaunda yekliniki yepfungwa, kunewo dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Dzimwe nyanzvi ndezvomutungamiri uye dzinoshanda nevatengi vakasiyana-siyana apo vamwe vanogadzirisa mukurapa mamwe marudzi ehutano hwepfungwa kana imwe boka rezera.
Semuenzaniso, vamwe vanachiremba vezvepfungwa vanogona kushanda munzvimbo yezvipatara kune avo vanorwara nekukuvara kwepfungwa kana maitiro ehutano. Zvimwe zvipatara zvepfungwa dzinogona kushanda munzvimbo dzehutano hwepfungwa kuti dzipe zano vanhu kana mhuri dzinobata kutsungirira, chirwere chepfungwa, kushandisa zvinodhaka, kana zvinetso zvemunhu.
Vanachipangamazano vezvepfungwa vanowanzoita mabasa akawanda zuva rega rega, sekutaurirana nevarwere, kuongorora, kupa zvirwere zvokuongorora, kuita psychotherapy , nekugadzirisa zvirongwa. Vanogona kushanda muchipatara, kuchikoro, yunivhesiti, mujeri, kliniki yehutano hwepfungwa, kana chiito chega.
Ikoko kunewo maitiro akasiyana-siyana akasiyana-siyana mukati memakiriniki epfungwa, kusanganisira utano hwepfungwa , neuropsychology, uye geropsychology.
Maererano neWesupational Outlook Handbook , masayendisiti ezvehupfungwa anonyanya kufunga nezvekusimudzira unhu hwakanaka. Neuropsychologists inonyanya kutsvaga kuongorora hukama huri pakati pehupi nehutsika. Nyanzvi dzeGeropsychologist dzinoshandisa mukurapa zvinokonzerwa nevakwegura.
Kurairirwa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa kunoumba imwe nzvimbo yakakura inzvimbo mune zvepfungwa. Aya maitiro anoita mabasa akawanda akafanana nekliniki yepfungwa dzepfungwa dzinoita, asi kupa mazano kuvanai vezvepfungwa vanowanzoshanda nevatengi vanotambura nemhando shoma dzehutano hwepfungwa.
Kupa mazano panyaya dzepfungwa kunotarisa pakupa kurapwa kwakanaka kune vatengi vanoona zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana. Sosaiti yekupa mazano yepfungwa inorondedzera munda iwoyo "unyanzvi hwepfungwa [hunoita] hunoita kuti hupenyu hwevanhu hune hupenyu hune hupenyu hwose huve nehutano hwehupenyu, hwemagariro evanhu, hwemhizha, hwekudzidzisa, hutano, hunobudirira, uye hurumende."
Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzinoongorora (kana kutsvakurudza masayendisiti) dzinoita tsvakurudzo pamusoro pemafambiro evanhu nemhuka. Vanowanzoshanda kumayunivhesiti, masangano ekutsvakurudza ari oga, masangano ehurumende, uye masangano asingabatsiri. Dzimwe nzvimbo huru dzekutsvaga dzinosanganisira kushandisa zvinodhaka, genetics, neuroscience, zvinokurudzira, uye kugona kwemagariro.
Forensic psychologists inoshanda mune imwe nzvimbo inokosha inobatanidza kukanganisa kwepfungwa uye mutemo. Forensic psychologists vanowanzobatanidzwa mumasangano ekuchengetedzwa, masangano eishuwarenzi, uye mhosva. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoshanda mumatare edzimhuri uye dzinopa maitiro ehutano hwehutano, kuita vana kuchengetedzwa kwevana, kutsvakurudza mishumo yekushungurudzwa kwevana uye kutarisa kutaridzirwa kwoutsva.
Avo vanoshanda mumatare edzimhosva vanowanzoongorora kuyanana, kupa pfungwa dzechipiri, uye kupa psychotherapy kune avo vanotambudzwa. Vashandi vanoshanda mumatare edzimhosva vanoita kuongororwa kwehutano hwepfungwa, kushanda pamwe nehuchapupu hwevana, uye kuongororwa kwevechidiki nevakuru vatadzi.
Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu dzinotarisa pakunzwisisa kuti kushamwaridzana nevamwe vanhu kunobata sei maitiro evanhu neboka. Aya maitiro anowanzoshanda munzvimbo dzakadai sekutsvakurudza kwemashamba, masangano ekugadzirisa, maitiro ekugadzira, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzakashandiswa. Nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzekudzidza dzinosanganisira maitiro eboka, hutungamiri, mafungiro , nekuona.
Kunobva:
Bureau of Labor Statistics, US Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, Dec 17, 2015.