Utano hwepfungwa ndeyehutano hunonyanya kukoshesa kuti mabhizimisi, masayendisiti, mararamiro, uye hukama hwevanhu hunobatsira sei utano nehutano. Mamwe mazwi anosanganisira masayendisiti ekurapa uye mishonga yokuzvibata dzimwe nguva anoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana neshoko rehutano hwepfungwa.
Utano uye urwere zvinokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Kunyange zvazvo hutachiwana uye hutano hwechizvarwa huripo, pane zvakawanda zvekuita uye zvepfungwa zvinogona kukanganisa hupenyu hwakakwana uye zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.
Muchidimbu Chirongwa cheWeutano Psychology
- Munda wehutano hwepfungwa hunoisa mukusimudzira utano pamwe nekudzivirira uye kurapwa kwezvirwere uye chirwere.
- Utano hwepfungwa dzezvepfungwa dzinotarisawo kunzwisisa kunzwisiswa kwevanhu, kurarama nekudzoka kubva kurwere.
- Vamwe vezvehutano hwepfungwa vanoshanda kuvandudza hutano hwehutano uye nzira yehurumende yehutano hwekutarisira utano.
Chikamu 38 cheAmerica Psychological Association chinopihwa kuhutano hwepfungwa. Maererano nekupatsanurwa, chinangwa chavo ndechekunzwisisa hutano hutano nekurwara, kudzidza nezvepfungwa dzinoita kuti hutano huve nehutano nekupa hutano hwehutano uye hurongwa hwehutano.
Munda wehutano hwepfungwa huchiri muduku, huchiwedzera muma1970 kuti hugadzirise kushanduka kwenyika kushanduka kwehutano. Upenyu hwekutarisira hwakanga hwakaderera makore zana apfuura, uye zvinetso zvehutano zvinowanzotarisana nezvinhu zvakadai sehutano hwekutsvaga nekudzivirira zvirwere zvinotapukira.
Nhasi, tarisiro yehupenyu muUnited States inenge makore makumi mapfumbamwe nemasere, uye izvo zvinokonzera kukanganisa zvirwere zvisingaperi zvinowanzobatanidzwa nemararamiro akadai sehutano hwepfungwa uye chirwere.
Utano hwezvehutano hwakauya kubatsira kubatsira kukanganisa uku mune utano. Nokutsvaga maitiro emafambiro anoisa zvirwere uye rufu, hutano hwehutano hwepfungwa hunotarisira kubatsira vanhu kurarama zviri nani - uye hutano- hupenyu.
Utano Hwepfungwa Inoparadzaniswa Sei Nedzimwe Nzvimbo dzePsychology?
Saka chii chinoita kuti utano hwepfungwa huve hwakasiyana? Ndeipi nzira iyo inobatsira kunzwisisa kwedu kwehutano uye hukama? Nemhaka yehutano hwepfungwa hunosimbisa kuti mararamiro anokonzera utano sei, yakakosha zvakagadzirirwa kubatsira vanhu kuchinja maitiro anopa hutano nekugara zvakanaka. Semuenzaniso, vanachiremba vepfungwa vanoshanda mundima iyi vanogona kuongorora tsvakurudzo yakashandiswa pamusoro pekudzivirira maitiro asina kunaka sekusvuta uye kutsvaga nzira itsva yekukurudzira zviito zvakanaka sekuita.
Semuenzaniso, apo vanhu vazhinji vanoziva kuti kudya kudya zvakanyanya muhuga hazvina kunaka kune utano hwavo, vanhu vazhinji vanoramba vachiita zvinhu zvakadai pasinei nemigumisiro yenguva pfupi uye yenguva refu. Vane utano hwepfungwa vanoona nezvepfungwa vanotarisa zvinhu zvepfungwa zvinokonzera kusarudzwa kwehutano uhwu uye kutsvaga nzira dzekukurudzira vanhu kuita sarudzo dzehutano hwakanaka.
Zvirwere Zvakabatana Nezvepfungwa uye Maitiro Anhu
Zvimwe zvirwere zvakabatana nemafungiro epfungwa kana maitiro zvinosanganisira:
- Stroke
- Chirwere chemoyo
- HIV / AIDS
- Cancer
- Kusakwana kwekuzvarwa uye kufa kwechecheche
- Zvirwere zvinotapukira
Maererano nedzimwe chidzidzo chinenge hafu yevose vakafa muUnited States inogona kubatanidzwa kune maitiro kana zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvinowanzodzivirirwa.
Utano hwepfungwa dzinoshanda nevanhu, mapoka, uye vagari vemunharaunda kuti vaderedze njodzi idzi, kuwedzera hutano hwakakwana, uye kuderedza chirwere.
Current Issues in Health Psychology
Kunyange zvazvo vanachiremba vezvehutano vanoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana, zvinotevera ndezvishoma zvedambudziko rezvino mune utano hwepfungwa:
- Kushungurudzika mupfungwa
- Weight management
- Kuputa kusvuta
- Kuvandudza kudya kwezuva nezuva
- Kuderedza kuipa kwepabonde
- Kuchengetwa kwekuchengetedza uye kushungurudzika kupa zano kune varwere vanopera
Kunzwisisa Biosocial Model muHealth Psychology
Nhasi, nzira huru iyo inoshandiswa mukati mehutano hwepfungwa inozivikanwa seye biosocial model.
Maererano nemaonero aya, kurwara uye hutano ndizvo zvakaguma nekubatanidzwa kwehupenyu, hwepfungwa, uye hwemagariro.
- Zvigadzirwa zvehupenyu zvinosanganisira zvizvarwa zvehupenyu uye mararamiro.
- Mafungiro epfungwa anosanganisira mararamiro, unhu hunhu, uye kushungurudzika.
- Nzvimbo dzehupfumi dzinosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai sehurongwa hwehutsigiro hwemagariro evanhu, hukama hwemhuri uye zvitendero.
Utano Hwepfungwa Inobatsira Sei?
Utano hwepfungwa huri kukura mundima nokukurumidza. Sezvo nhamba inowedzera yevanhu inotsvaka kutora hutano hwavo, vanhu vanowedzera vari kutsvaga ruzivo rwehutano hwakabatana uye zvigadzirwa. Utano hwepfungwa dzepfungwa dzinotarisa pakudzidzisa vanhu nezvehutano hwavo uye hupenyu hwavo, saka ivo vakakodzera zvakakwana kuzadza kudiwa uku kuwedzera.
Utano hwepfungwa hunokwanisa kubatsira vanhu nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Nyanzvi dzakawanda mumunda uno dzinoshanda zvakananga munzvimbo dzekudzivirira uye dzinofunga kubatsira vanhu kudzivirira matambudziko ehutano vasati vatanga. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kubatsira vanhu kuchengetedza uremu hwakanaka, kudzivisa maitiro ane ngozi kana asina kunaka uye kuchengetedza maonero akanaka anokwanisa kukurira kushungurudzika, kuora mwoyo, uye kuzvidya mwoyo.
Shoko Rinobva
Kana uri kutambura kuita shanduko dzakanaka muupenyu hwako, kutarisana nekutanga kwechirwere, kana kutarisana nedzimwe mhando yehutano hwehutano, kuona chiremba wepfungwa yehutano ndiyo imwe nzira yekukubatsira iwe kutanga patsika rakarurama. Nokubvunzurudza rimwe remabasa aya, unogona kuwana ruzivo rwekutsigirwa uye zvigadziro zvakagadzirirwa kukubatsira kurarama nechirwere chako uye kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvehutano hwako.
> Sources:
> Baum, A, Revenson, TA, & Singer, JE. Handbook of Health Psychology. New York: Psychology Press; 2012.
> Brannon, L, Updegraff, JA, & Feist, J. Health Psychology: An Kutangira Kuzvibata uye Utano. Boston, MA: Cengage Kudzidza; 2014.