Ndezvipi zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakakosha nzvimbo dzepfungwa? Psychology inoparadzaniswa zvakasiyana-siyana nehuwandu hwakakura hwezvinhu zvakasiyana siyana. Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzinowanzosarudza kuisa munyanzvi yakaoma iyo inotarisa pane imwe nyaya munyaya dzepfungwa. Zvizhinji zvezvinhu izvi zvinokosha mune zvepfungwa zvinoda kupedza kudzidza mune imwe nzvimbo inofarira. Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pezvimwe zvemashure makuru maitiro ayo masayendisiti epfungwa anoshanda.
Ngatinyatsoongororei mashoma mashoma anokosha mune zvepfungwa.
Clinical Psychology
Vanachiremba vezvepfungwa vanoita seni rimwe chete rinokosha mune zvepfungwa. Vanachiremba vane masayendisiti ekuongorora, kuongorora nekurapa zvirwere zvepfungwa. Vanowanzoshanda munzvimbo dzoutano hwepfungwa, maitiro ega ega kana eboka kana zvipatara.
Munharaunda yekliniki yepfungwa, kunewo dzimwe nhamba dzezvikamu zviduku. Dzimwe nyanzvi ndezvomutungamiri uye dzinoshanda nevatengi vakasiyana-siyana apo vamwe vanogadzirisa mukurapa mamwe marudzi ehutano hwepfungwa kana imwe boka rezera.
Semuenzaniso, vamwe vanachiremba vezvepfungwa vanogona kushanda munzvimbo yezvipatara kune avo vanorwara nekukuvara kwepfungwa kana maitiro ehutano. Zvimwe zvipatara zvepfungwa dzepfungwa dzinogona kushanda mune imwe nzvimbo yehutano hwepfungwa yekupa mazano kune vamwe vanhu kana mhuri dzinotarisana nekuzvidya mwoyo, chirwere chepfungwa, kushandisa zvinodhaka kana zvinetso zvemunhu.
Vanachipangamazano vezvepfungwa vanowanzoita mabasa akawanda zuva rega rega sekubvunzurudza varwere, kuongorora, kupa zvirwere zvekuongorora, kuita psychotherapy nekugadzirisa zvirongwa. Zvigadziriro zvebasa zvinogona kusiyanisa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwevanhu iyo chiremba ari kushanda nayo.
Zviratidzo zvekuita mabasa zvinosanganisira zvipatara, zvikoro, zvunivhesiti, makorori, makiriniki ehutano hwepfungwa uye maitiro evanhu.
Kunewo mazita akasiyana-siyana akasiyana-siyana nzvimbo mukati mekliniki yepfungwa, kusanganisira utano hwepfungwa , neuropsychology, uye geropsychology.
Maererano neWesupational Outlook Handbook , masayendisiti ezvehupfungwa anonyanya kufunga nezvekusimudzira unhu hwakanaka. Neuropsychologists inonyanya kutsvaga kuongorora hukama huri pakati pehupi nehutsika. Nyanzvi dzeGeropsychologist dzinoshandisa mukurapa zvinokonzerwa nevakwegura.
Kupa mazano Psychology
Kurairirwa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa kunoumba imwe nzvimbo yakakura inzvimbo mune zvepfungwa. Aya maitiro anoita mabasa akawanda akafanana nekliniki yepfungwa dzepfungwa dzinoita, asi kupa mazano kuvanai vezvepfungwa vanowanzoshanda nevatengi vanotambura nemhando shoma dzehutano hwepfungwa.
Kupa mazano panyaya dzepfungwa kunotarisa pakupa kurapwa kwakanaka kune vatengi vanoona zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana. Sosaiti yekupa mazano yepfungwa inorondedzera munda iwoyo "unyanzvi hwepfungwa [hunoita] hunoita kuti hupenyu hwevanhu hune humwe hune hupenyu hunofambisa hupenyu hwose hunoisa pfungwa pamanzwiro, hutano, ruzivo, ruzivo, hutano, hunobudirira uye hurumende."
Ongororo yeMapfungwa
Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzinoongorora (kana kutsvakurudza masayendisiti) dzinoita tsvakurudzo pamusoro pemafambiro evanhu nemhuka. Vanowanzoshanda kumayunivhesiti, masangano ekutsvakurudza ari oga, masangano ehurumende uye masangano asingabatsiri. Dzimwe nzvimbo huru dzekutsvakurudza dzinosanganisira kushandisa zvinodhaka, genetics, neuroscience, zvinokurudzirwa uye kugadzirisa nzira.
Forensic Psychology
Forensic psychologists inoshanda mune imwe nzvimbo inokosha inobatanidza kukanganisa kwepfungwa uye mutemo. Forensic psychologists inowanzobatanidzwa mumasangano ekuchengetedzwa, masangano einishuwarenzi nemhosva. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoshanda mumatare edzimhuri uye dzinopa maitiro ehutano hwehutano, kuita vana kuchengetedzwa kwevana, kutsvakurudza mishumo yekushungurudzwa kwevana uye kutarisa kutaridzirwa kwoutsva.
Vaya vanoshanda mumatare edzimhosva vanowanzotarisa unyanzvi, kupa pfungwa dzechipiri uye kupa psychotherapy kune avo vanotambudzwa. Vashandi vanoshanda mumatare edzimhosva vanoita kuongororwa kwehutano hwepfungwa, kushanda pamwe nehuchapupu hwevana uye kupa huongorori hwevana uye vatadzi vakuru.
Human Factors Psychology
Zvisikwa zvevanhu ndezvimwe zvepfungwa dzehupfungwa dzinotarisa pamhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira ergonomics, kuchengetedzwa kwebasa, kukanganisa kwevanhu, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, simba revanhu nekubatana kwemakombiyuta. Muzvokwadi, mazwi evanhu zvinhu uye ergonomics anowanzoshandiswa zvakafanana, nemunhu zvinhu zvinowanzoshandiswa muUnited States uye ergonomics muEurope.
Zvisizvo zvevanhu zvinosanganisira kushandisa mazano ekugadzirwa kwepfungwa pakugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa uye kugadzira nzvimbo dzebasa dzinosimudzira kubereka kana kuderedza nyaya dzekuchengetedza. Munda wevanhu wakaitwa nenzira yakatanga panguva yeHondo Yenyika II, apo nyanzvi dzakawanda dzakashanda pamwechete kuti dzivandudze kuchengeteka kwema ndege. Kubva panguva iyoyo, vanhu vanofunga nezvepfungwa yakaramba vachikura uye nhasi ine basa rinokosha mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda, kusanganisira kombiyuta, kugadzira, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, hunijini, mauto ehurumende uye hurumende.
Industrial-Organizational Psychology
Industrial-organizational psychology inotarisa pamabasa ekushanda uye ndeimwe yekukurumidzira kukura kunzvimbo munzvimbo dzepfungwa. Sosaiti yeVashandi neHurongwa hwePfungwa (Psychologists) (SIOP) inotsanangura iO psychology semunda "unoedza kunzwisisa uye kuyera mufambiro wevanhu kuvandudza vashandi kugutsikana mubasa ravo, kukwanisa kwevashandi kusarudza uye kukurudzira vanhu vakanakisisa, uye nekuita kuti kubasa zviri nani kune varume nevakadzi vanoshanda ikoko. "
Kuwedzera kwekuda kwevashandi vepfungwa dzepamusoro kwakakonzera kuwedzera kwenhamba yemapurogiramu emayunivhesiti anopa zviyero mune zvehupfumi-sangano rezvepfungwa. IO magwepistori vanoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kupa vashandi vashandi, kuitisa miedzo, kugadzira zvigadzirwa, kugadzira zvidzidzo uye kuita tsvakurudzo pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvebasa.
School Psychology
Chikoro chepfungwa dzepachikoro chikamu chechiitiko chinokosha chinosanganisira kushanda mukati mehutano hwekudzidzisa kubatsira vana vane manzwiro, zvemagariro evanhu uye zvekudzidza. Chinangwa chechikoro chepfungwa ndechekushandira pamwe nevabereki, vadzidzisi, uye vadzidzi kukurudzira nzvimbo yakadzidza yekudzidza inotarisa zvinodiwa zvevana. Chikoro chepfungwa chechikoro chinoshanda nevadzidzi vega uye mapoka evadzidzi kuti vatarisane nezvinetso zvounhu, matambudziko edzidzo, urema nekumwe nyaya. Vanoshandawo nevadzidzisi nevabereki kukudziridza nzira dzekutarisana nemitambo yeimba uye yekirasi. Imwe mabasa inosanganisira kudzidzisa vadzidzi, vabereki nevadzidzisi nezvekutarisana nematambudziko nemamiriro ekushandisa zvinodhaka.
Social Psychology
Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu dzinotarisa pakunzwisisa kuti kushamwaridzana nevamwe vanhu kunobata sei maitiro evanhu neboka. Aya maitiro anowanzoshanda munzvimbo dzakadai semakambani ekutsvakurudza, sangano rehurumende, maitiro ekugadzira uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzakashandiswa. Nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzekudzidza dzinosanganisira maitiro eboka, hutungamiri, mafungiro uye maonero.
Dheuteronomio:
Bureau of Labor Statistics, US Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2016-17 Edition, Psychologists, paIndaneti pa http://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/psychologists.htm