Panguva ipi muhupenyu hwako hunosiyana nemagariro epfungwa? Zvimwe zvekuongorora kwepakutanga zvekuchenjera zvinongorongedza vanhu vose vanopfuura makore gumi nemaviri se "vakuru." Nhasi, vatsvakurudzi vanoziva kuti uropi huri kuramba huchikura uye huchichinja mukukura kwevanhu vakuru uye kuti pane kuchinja kukuru kwokuti uropi hunoshanda sei vanhu vachikwegura.
Kunyange zvakadaro, isu tinowanzotanga kufunga nezvehutano hwechirwere sechinhu chisina kusimba uye chisina kuchinja, zvichiratidza kuti mano akasiyana-siyana epfungwa anongoerekana akanganisa, kana kunyange kuderera, muhukuru hwevanhu vakuru.
Pfungwa dzinowanikwa pamagungano pamusoro pehuchenjeri dzinowanzotaurira kuti vanhu vanorova pfungwa dzavo mukutanga kwehupenyu, uye votevera kutevera kwenguva refu, kunonoka kusvika pakukwegura.
Panewo chiito chekutenda kuti humwe hutano hwepfungwa, hwakadai sehupenzi hwekuchenjera , kazhinji kechimwe chepakutanga pakukura. Crystallized intelligence , kune rumwe rutivi, inowanzotaurwa kuti inokurudzira munguva yekukura.
Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, iyi yakareba kwenguva refu yakasarudzwa ingave yakanyanyisa. Vatsvakurudzi Joshua Hartshorne naLaura Germine vakashandisa dziva guru revatambi veInternet kuti vaunganidze ruzivo pamusoro pemakore api mamwe maitiro efungwa ndiwo akasimba. Zvavakawana ndezvokuti pane kushamisika kusinganzwisisiki apo humwe hutano hunowanzokwira.
Mamwe Mafungiro Epfungwa Maonero Akawanda Muhupenyu Hwapfuura
Maererano nekudzidza kwakabudiswa mumagazini inonzi Psychological Science , zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutano hunotyisa hukuru mumazera akasiyana, neine humwe hutano hwekurova hupenyu hwavo kusvika makore makumi mana.
"Pasinei nezera ripi zvaro, uri kuwedzera pane zvimwe zvinhu, uri kutowedzera pane zvimwe zvinhu, uye uri pane imwe nzvimbo pane zvimwe zvinhu. Pamwe hausi imwe yezera paunonyanya kukwirira pazvinhu zvakawanda, kunyanya ose, "akatsanangura mutsvakurudzi Joshua Hartshorne weMIT uye mumwe wevanyori vekudzidza.
Hartshorne akanga aona kare kuti kuratidzwa kwenguva pfupi kwekurangarira kunowedzera pakati pe30s isati yatanga kuenda. Mune chidzidzo che2011, Germine yakawana kuti kukwanisa kuona zviso zvinowedzerawo kusvikira vanhu vari mumakore ekutanga makumi matatu uye zvinozotanga kupera zvishoma nezvishoma.
Kuchera zvakadzika, vaviri vacho vakatanga kutarisa dhaka yezvinyorwa kubva kuongororo dzekare dzekuchenjera. Zvavakawana ndezvokuti pane kuonekwa kusina pfungwa imwe chete. Pane kudaro, maitiro akasiyana akaita kunge akakwirira panguva dzakasiyana uye dzimwe nguva dzinoshamisa. Iyi mhinduro yakabatsira kukurudzira kupfuurira kwavo mberi kwekuti maitiro ekufunga anochinja sei nemakore.
Dzakakurumbira paIndaneti Zvikamu Zvakatarisa Kuona Kunoshamisa Maitiro Edzidziso
Chidzidzo chekupedzisira chakakwanisa kutora pane shanduro huru yevashanduri vakashandisa mawebsite gameswithwords.org uye testmybrain.org. Kushandisa nzira iyi, vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kuunganidza dunhu kubva kune vanhu vanenge 50 000 kumativi ose emakore akawanda. Mhando dzakasiyana siyana dzemagariro ekushandiswa zvakashandiswa pamwe chete nebasa rimwe raiona kukwanisa kuona mazwi ekunzwa kwevamwe vanhu. Hartshorne uye kuGermine kwakatsvakurudza kwakaratidza kuti mabasa aya akayera mano efungwa anoshanduka sezvo vanhu vachikura.
Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza izvo vatsvakurudzi vakadana "hutano hutano hwakakosha mune apo pfungwa dzekufungisisa dzichikwira."
Ndeipi Iyo Musoro Unopa Simba Peak?
Pakati pezvitsva zvinowanikwa kubva pakudzidza kwekupedzisira uye kutsvakurudza kwakapfuura:
- 18-19: Nyaya yekufambisa mashoko inokurumidza kukurumidza, saka inotanga kuderera.
- 25: Kuyeuka kwenguva pfupi kunowedzera zviri nani kusvikira kune makore makumi maviri nemashanu. Rinoramba rakanyatsogadzikana kusvikira rinotanga kuderera kusvika makore makumi matatu.
- 30: Kuyeuka zviso zvishoma uye zvinobva zvatanga kupera zvishoma nezvishoma.
- 35: Kurangarira kwako kwenguva pfupi kunotanga kuderera uye kuderera.
- 40s-50s: Kunzwisisa mupfungwa kunowedzera pakati nepashure pakukura.
- 60s: Mazwi emakadzi anoramba achiwedzera.
- 60s uye 70s: Crystallized intelligence, kana zivo yakawedzerwa uye chokwadi pamusoro penyika, inonyanya kurarama muupenyu.
Kunyange zvazvo migumisiro yakaita kuti huchenjeri iwedzere mberi mune hupenyu inopindirana nezvakawanikwa kare, chidzidzo ichi chinoreva kuti chikwata ichi chinowanikwa kakawanda muupenyu huri nani pane zvaimbova nokutenda. Ndezvipi zvinogona kutsanangura izvi zvakapera kukunda mupfungwa? Muongorori anoratidza kuti zvingaguma zvingangodaro nemhaka yekuti vanhu nhasi vane ruzivo rwakanyanya, ruzivo rwakawanda rwehuwandu, uye mamwe mabasa anonyanya kufunga mupfungwa kupfuura mamwe mazera ekare evanhu vakuru.
Zvigumisiro zvinoratidza kuti kunyange uropi hwekare hunogona kunge huchireruka, vanogona kunge vachiri vakarurama, vane ruzivo, uye vanokwanisa kuongorora mafungiro nemamwe mafungiro emamwe evamwe.
Vatsvakurudzi vari kuenderera mberi nekutsvakurudza kwavo paIndaneti kuburikidza nekuita mamwe maitiro ekufungisisa pamwe nekuedzwa kunogadziridzwa kuongorora mano emutauro, hutungamiri hwehutano, uye hutano hwehutano uye hwepfungwa. Vanobvumiranawo kuti kuongorora kwakawedzerwa kunodiwa kuti tinyatsoziva kuti nei masimba epfungwa achikwira pamakore akasiyana.
"Takatora zvidzidzo zviripo izvo zvaiva kunze uko uye zvakaratidza kuti vose vakanganisa. Mubvunzo iye zvino ndewekuti: Ndeipi iyo yakanaka? Kuti tibvunze mhinduro iyoyo, tichatoda kuti tidzidze zvimwe zvakawanda zvidzidzo uye tunganidze zvimwe zvakawanda, "akadaro Hartshorne.
References:
Hartshorne, JK, & Germine, LT (2015). Ndeipi ruchenjeri kushanda kwepamusoro? Kuwedzera kwechisimba uye kuputsika kwehutano hwakasiyana-siyana mukati mehupenyu hwose. Psychological Science, nei: 10.1177 / 0956797614567339.
Trafton, A. (2015, March 6). Kuwedzera nekuwa kwehutano hwekuziva: Neurosayenzi vanoona kuti zvikamu zvakasiyana zveuropi zvinoshanda zvakanaka uye zvakasiyana nemazera. MIT News. Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://newsoffice.mit.edu/2015/brain-peaks-at-differentages-306