Sei Herodi Ichikurumidza Kukurira Kuchengetedzwa Kwevanhu Munjodzi?
Kunyange zvazvo heroin kushandiswa kwechisimba kwave ichienda kuderera kwemakore anoverengeka, yakatanga kuve yakakurumbira mushure mekuparadzwa kwehurumende pamishonga yekushandisa zvinodhaka zvinodhaka.
Apo hurumende yakatanga kupedza pasi "mapiritsi emapiritsi" muFlorida nedzimwe nzvimbo uye nekugadzirira mapurogiramu ezvinyorwa-kuravera kudzivirira varwere kubva ku "chiremba kutenga" kuti vawane zvinodarika imwe chirevo chepiritsi yepumusoro, yakagadzirisa kuvhara kwepineti uye kuendesa mberi mutengo pamusika mutema.
Nokudaro, heroin yakanyanya kuwanika kune dzimwe nzvimbo pane OxyContin uye yakanga isingadhuri, rudzi rwakatanga kuona kuwedzera kukuru kweheroin kudarika kufa kwevanhu. Kuwedzera kwehutsvene hweheroin inowanika pamusika uye kuderera kwekutengesa kwakakonzera kunetseka kwekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu.
Heino mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa pamusoro paHerodhi, yakanyorwa neNational Institute on Drug Abuse:
Heroin chii?
Heroin inodhaka zvikuru yemishonga iyo inoshandiswa kubva morphine yakabviswa kubva kumbeu yemiti yemapoppy. Kumabvazuva kweUnited States, vazhinji ve heroin vanotengeswa mumugwagwa mhepo yakachena poda heroin yakachena, inoitwa kuSouth America uye Southeast Asia. KuAmerica kumahombekombe egungwa, heroin guru inotengeswa ibasa rakasviba "tema tema" heroin inobudiswa muMexico.
Chii Chinonzi Kuwanda kweHerinisi Kushandiswa muUnited States?
Mushure memakore ekuderera kushandiswa muUnited States, muna 2006 heroin shandisi yakatanga kuwedzerwa kusingagumi kwekushandiswa kune dzimwe tsika nemagariro munyika yose.
Kuwedzera kwacho kunowanikwa nehupfumi hwepasi pose pamishonga yekushandisa zvinodhaka zvekushandisa zvinodhaka. Vamwe vanocherechedza vanofunga kuti kupera kuri kuwedzera kwekugovera uye kuwedzera kwemitengo yemarwadzo emapirisa evashandisi vevashandi kuti vashandise kune yakawanikwa uye ine heroin inodhura.
Heroin Inoshandiswa Sei?
Iyo heroin yakachena inotengeswa kunyanya kumaodzanyemba kweU.U.America inowanzova poda yakachena inogona kujowa, inoputika, inoputirwa kana kusvuta.
Ikoti ganda hero inowanikwa munzvimbo yekumadokero yenyika inowanzoputswa uye inoderedzwa ikakonzerwa nemushandisi. Vakawanda vevashandisi vatsva ve heroin vari kusvuta iyo, pasi pekusaziva kuti haisi kudhakwa kana kusvuta.
Chii Chine Nguva Yfupi (Yenguva Pfupi) Migumisiro Yekushandisa kwaHerinini?
Pasinei nokuti heroin inorohwa, inoputika kana inopfungirwa, mushumiri anowana "kukurumidza" kunotevera nekutevedzwa kwomufaro sezvo inoshandurwa kudzokera ku morphine muuropi. Misiyano bedzi ndiyo inosangana nemushandi inokurumidza kukurumidza kana heroin ichijowa kana inoputirwa kupfuura iyo inoita kana mushonga wacho uchisvuta. Iyo yakakwirira haisi kungokurumidzira chete, inowedzera.
Ndeipi Migumisiro Yenguva Yakarefu yekushandiswa kwaHerinini?
Vashandi vaHerinoni vanokurumidza kusimbisa kushivirira kumushonga uyu, zvinoreva kuti vanoda zvakawanda kana kuti vanozvida kakawanda kuti vawane zvakafanana zvavakaona pavakatanga kuzvishandisa. Nokudaro, pamwe nekuwedzerwa kwekushandiswa, vanogona kuwedzererwa nekukurumidza zvikuru. Heroin inogonawo kukonzera kuchinja kwepanyama uye kwepanyama uye kusaenzana muuropi iyo yakaoma zvikuru kuchinja, kunyange kana mushumiri akachenesa uye asinganzwisisi.
Ndezvipi Zvinetso Zvokurapa zveHurinomi Isingaperi?
Nokuti heroin iko inoshungurudza kupemha, vashandi vakawanda vanogadzira matambudziko emapapu , ayo pamwe chete nehutano husina hutano hwemushandisi hunogona kuguma nekutapuridza chirwere chetachiona uye mamwe marudzi echirwere.
Kune dzimwe dzakawanda zvinokonzerwa nehutano hwehutano nekuda kwekushandisa kwechirwere chacho pachavo uye vamwe vanobatana nekuti heroin inoshandiswa sei uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakasanganiswa nemishonga yekuwedzera mari yevatengesi.
Kushandiswa kweHerinomi Kunobatsira Sei Vakadzi Vakaberekwa?
Kana mukadzi achishandisa heroin paanenge ane pamuviri, mwana wake asati aberekwa anogona kuwedzera kuvimba nemishonga sezvinoita amai. Kana mwana akaberekwa uye asingachagoni kugamuchira heroin kuburikidza ne placenta, mwana anoenda mumamiriro ezvinhu anoziva seanaonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), inoda kurapwa kwakanyanya.
Sei Heroin Vashandi Vari Pangozi Inokosha Yokupindira HIV / AIDS uye Hepatitis B naC?
Kushandisa heroin pachako pachako hakuwedzeri ngozi yekugadzirisa HIV kana hepatitis.
Asi, mabasa uye maitiro anowanikwa ne heroin anoshandiswa anogona kuwedzera njodzi yekurwara nezvirwere uye utachiona hwezvirwere. Kuita zvepabonde kusina kudzivirirwa, kushandisa "tsvina" masero, kugovana masero uye kugovera zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi.
Ndezvipi Zviratidzo zveHerin Addict?
Kusiyana nedzimwe mishonga yakafanana nemethamphetamine, kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokurapa dzinowanikwa kune avo vane chido chekurega kushandisa heroin. Pane mishonga yakawanda inowanikwa iyo inobatsira nekurega heroin iyo tsvakurudzo yakawana kuti inoshanda kana yakabatanidzwa nemamwe maitiro ekurapa.
Chii Chinonzi Opioid Analogs uye Ngozi Dzadzo?
Makemikari makemikari ane zvimwe zvakafanana nemimwe mishonga kunyange zvazvo yakasiyana mumakemikari akaumbwa anonzi madhigirii emishonga. Mimwe yeiyi inofanirwa, inogadzirwa nevhizimisi vezvinodhaka kwekushandisa kurapwa.
Zvimwe zvirevo zvechirwere, zvisinei, zvinokonzerwa zvisiri pamutemo uye dzimwe nguva zvine ngozi uye zvine simba kupfuura mushonga wepakutanga. Aya mafananidzi dzimwe nguva anonzi chirongwa chemishonga.
Mamwe mazita anonyanyozivikanwa opioid anogs are fentanyl uye meperidine (inotengeswa pasi pezita rechizita rokuti Demerol ). Fentanyl yakagadzirwa muna 1968 seanorganic panguva yekuvhiyiwa nekuda kwezvishoma zvingaguma pamwoyo.
Fentanyl inonyanya kuipa nokuti inowanikwa ka50 pane yakanyanya kupfuura heroin uye inogona kukurumidza kumisa kufema kwomunhu. Mune chirongwa chokuvhiya, icho hachisi chinetso nokuti murwere ari pamushini kuti avabatsire kufema.
Asi kana uchishungurudzwa zvisina kukodzera, mumugwagwa, fentanyl inogona kuuraya.
Mukutanga kwegore ra2014, kupera kwechirwere chechirwere zvinodhekwa kwakagumuchirwa semugumisiro we heroin unotengeswa mumugwagwa wainge wavhenganiswa ne fentanyl.
Sources:
National Institute on Drug Abuse. "Heroin." Research Report Series Nyaya yaJanuary 2014
The Partnership at DrugFree. "Heroin." Zvinodhaka Zvinodhaka . Yakasvika muna March 2014.