Kuzvifunga ndiko mufananidzo watinayo isu pachedu. Icho chimiro chekuzvifananidzira ichi uye chinoshandiswa sei pane nguva? Ichi chifananidzo chinokura nenzira dzakasiyana asi chinonyanya kukanganiswa nekubatana kwedu nevanhu vakakosha muupenyu hwedu.
Kuzvidzivirira Kwazvo Kunotsanangurwa
Kuzvifunga kunowanzofungidzirwa semanzwiro edu pachedu emafambiro edu, mano edu, uye maitiro akasiyana.
Icho chinonyanya kukosha mupfungwa yekuti iwe uri ani semunhu. Somuenzaniso, zvitendero zvakadai sekuti "Ndiri shamwari yakanaka" kana kuti "Ndiri munhu ane mutsa" inhengo yezvakanakira.
Kuzvifunga kunowedzera kuve kusinganzwisisiki apo vanhu vari vaduku uye vachiri kuburikidza nekugadzirisa-kuzvitsvaga nekuzivikanwa maitiro . Sezvo vanhu vachikwegura, kuzvifunga kunowedzera zvakajeka uye kwakarongeka sezvo vanhu vachigadzira pfungwa iri nani yekuti ndivanaani uye chii chinokosha kwavari.
"Munhu pachake ane maitiro uye unhu hunotiparadzanisa nevamwe vanhu (somuenzaniso, 'introverted')," tsanangura "Essential Social Psychology" vanyori Richard Crisp naRhiannon Turner. " Kuzvidzana kunorondedzerwa nehukama hwedu nevamwe vanokosha (somuenzaniso, 'hanzvadzi'). Pakupedzisira, kuzvibatanidza kunoratidza hutano hwedu mumapoka evanhu (somuenzaniso, 'British')."
Zvikamu zve Self-Concept
Kufanana nemisoro yakawanda mukati mehupfungwa, vazhinji veeorist vakagadzirira nzira dzakasiyana dzekufunga pamusoro pechikonzero-chega.
Maererano nenyanzvi inozivikanwa sehutano hunozivikanwa , pfungwa-yega inoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri zvakakosha: unhu hwemunhu uye hutano hwevanhu. Kuzivikanwa kwedu pachake kunosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai semunhu unhu uye dzimwe humwe hunoita kuti munhu mumwe nomumwe ave akaenzana. Utano hwemagariro hunosanganisira maboka atinosanganisira kusanganisira mharaunda yedu, chitendero, kojiji, uye mamwe mapoka.
Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Dr. Bruce A. Bracken akaratidza muna 1992 kuti kune nhanhatu nheyo dzakasiyana dzakabatana nehana-pfungwa:
- Zvemagariro: kukwanisa kuyanana nevamwe
- Unyanzvi: kukwanisa kugutsa zvido zvekuda
- Ikoshesa: kuziva kwemazwi anotaura
- Simba: manzwiro pamusoro pemaonero, utano, hutano, uye kuratidzika
- Dzidzo: kubudirira kana kukundikana kuchikoro
- Mhuri: manzwiro anoita sei mukati memhuri
Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa dzevanhu, Carl Rogers vaida kuti pane zvikamu zvitatu zvakasiyana zvezvizvi:
- Kuzviona , kana kuti unozviona iwe pachako. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kuzvidzora hazvibvumirane nechechokwadi. Vanhu vangave vaine mafungiro ekuzvidzivirira uye vanofunga kuti vari nani kune zvinhu kupfuura zvavari chaizvo. Kusiyana naizvozvo, vanhu vanowanzova nemafungiro akaipa uye vanoona kana kuwedzeredza zvikanganiso kana utera.
Semuenzaniso, mukomana wechidiki angatenda kuti ane chisingadi uye asingashamisi mune zvevanhu kana ari kunyatsonakidza uye achida. Musikana wechidiki angatenda kuti anonyanya kuwandisa kana ari kunyanya kuonda.
Kuzvimiririra kweumwe neumwe kunenge kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kusanganisira mararamiro edu, unhu hwedu, uye mabasa evanhu.
- Kuzviremekedza , kana kuti unozvikoshesa zvakadini. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kuzviremekedza, kusanganisira kuti tinozvienzanisa sei nevamwe uye kuti vamwe vanoita sei kwatiri. Apo vanhu vanopindura zvakanaka kuzviito zvedu, isu tinowanzoita kuti tive nekuzviremekedza kwakanaka. Apo patinozvifananidza isu nevamwe uye tinozviwana tisina kukwana, zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa pakuzviremekedza kwedu.
- Zvakanaka iwe pachako, kana kuti iwe unofunga kuti iwe unogona kuva sei. Muzviitiko zvizhinji, nzira yatinozviona nayo uye kuti tingada kuzviona sei haisi kufanana.
Kuungana uye Kusagadzikana
Sezvambotaurwa kare, manzwiro edu haasi nguva dzose akaenzana zvakakwana nezvakanaka.
Vamwe vadzidzi vangave vatenda kuti vakanaka pane zvidzidzo, asi zvinyorwa zvavo zvekuchikoro zvingareva nyaya yakasiyana.
Maererano naKarl Rogers, chiyero icho munhu-pfungwa yake inofanirana nechechokwadi chinozivikanwa se congruence uye incongruence. Nepo isu tose tinowanzokanganisa chokwadi kune imwe nzvimbo, congruence inowanikwa apo maonero ezvakanaka anowirirana zvakajeka nezvakanaka. Incongruence inoitika kana chokwadi chisingafanani nehana yedu-pfungwa.
Rogers aidavira kuti kusagadzikana kunotangira mumwana. Apo vabereki vanoisa mamiriro ekudanana kwavo kuvana vavo (kungovaratidza rudo kana vana "vachiwana" kuburikidza nezvimwe zviito uye vachirarama maererano nezvinodiwa nevabereki), vana vanotanga kukanganisa pfungwa dzezviitiko zvinovasiya vachinzwa vasina kukodzera vabereki vavo ' rudo.
Rudo rusina maturo, kune rumwe rutivi, runobatsira kukurudzira congruence. Vana vane ruzivo rwakadaro vanofunga kuti hapana chikonzero chekuramba vachikanganisa zvarangariro zvavo kuitira kuti vatende kuti vamwe vanhu vachavada uye vanovabvuma sezvavari.
> Sources:
> Bracken BA. Bhuku reMuongorori weMarudzi akawanda ekuzviremekedza. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed; 1992.
> Crisp RJ, Turner RN. Essential Social Psychology. London: Sage Publications; 2010.
> Pastorino EE, Doyle-Portillo SM. Chii Chinonzi Psychology ?: Zvinyorwa. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; 2013.
> Rogers CA. Dzidziso yeTherapy, Unhu neHurumende hwehukama hwakasimudzirwa muChirongwa cheCenter-centered Framework. Mu: S Koch, ed. Psychology: A Kudzidza Sayenzi. Vol. 3: Kuumbwa kweMunhu uye Social Social Context. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1959.
> Weiten W, Dunn DS, Hammer EY. Psychology Inoshandiswa Kuupenyu Hwemazuva Ano: Kugadziriswa muzana remakore rechi21. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; 2014.