Maitiro Avakave Akagadzirirwa Kurapa Dambudziko rekushandisa Doro
Pari zvino, kune mishonga mitatu chete inogamuchirwa neU.S. Food and Drug Administration yekurapa kudhakwa nekudhakwa. Hapana imwe yemishonga iyi inorayirwa kuvanhu vanenge vachiri kunwa doro. Ivo chete kune avo vakatorega kunwa uye vari kuedza kuramba vachirega.
Hapana mishonga pamusika iyo inorayirwa kuvanhu vanenge vachiri kunwa doro izvo zvichaita kuti varege kunwa.
Antabuse (Disulfiram) seDrinkrent yekuNwa
Antabuse (disulfiram) ndiyo yekutanga mishonga inogamuchirwa mukurapa kudhakwa nekudhakwa. Inoshanda kuburikidza nekukonzera chirwere chakaipa kana mumwe munhu achitora mishonga inodha doro. Vanhu vakawanda vanotora iyo vacharutsa mushure mekudhakwa doro. Izvi, zvakare, zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvigadzire kudzivisa kunwa.
Disulfiram yakatanga kuumbwa mumakore ekuma1920 yekushandiswa mukugadzira michina. Doro-zvinokonzera matambudziko aAntabuse akatanga kunyorwa muma1930s. Vashandi vari mumhizha yeharura yakasvibiswa iyo yakaiswa kune tetraethylthiuram disulfide yakarwara mushure mekunwa doro.
Muna 1948, vatsvakurudzi vechiDanish vanoedza kutsvaga kurapwa kwepachirwere chepachirwere chepachiona vakawana doro-yakabatana nemigumisiro ye disulfiram apo ivo vakarwara mushure mekunwa doro. Vatsvakurudzi vakatanga hutsva hutsva hwezvidzidzo pakushandisa disulfiram kutarisa kudhakwa .
Nguva pfupi pashure pacho, US FDA yakabvumira disulfiram kuti igone kudhakwa. Yakatanga kuumbwa naWedeth-Ayerst Laboratories pasi pezita rokuti Antabuse.
Pakutanga, disulfiram yakapiwa muhomwe huru kuti ibudise chivhiringidzi kudhakwa nekuita kuti varwere varwere zvikuru kana vakanwa.
Gare gare, mushure mekunge vakawanda vaona kushushikana kwakaoma (kusanganisira zvimwe rufu), Antabuse yaibatanidzwa mumaduku maduku kuitira kutsigira kunwa doro .
Naltrexone Nekuda Doro
Naltrexone inotengeswa pasi pezita rezita revia Revia uye Depade. Nzira yakasunungurwa-yakasununguka, yemwedzi inogadziriswa ye naltrexone inotengeswa pasi pezita rekutengesa zita reVivitrol . Inoshanda nekuvhara muuropi "yakakwirira" iyo vanhu vanoona pavanonwa doro kana kutora opioid se heroin uye cocaine.
Naltrexone yakatanga kuumbwa muna 1963 kuti inopedzisira ichinetseka neapioid. Muna 1984, yakagamuchirwa neRDA yekurapa zvinodhaka zvakadai se heroin, morphine, uye oxycodone. Panguva iyoyo, yakatengeswa neDuPont pasi pezita rainzi Trexan.
Muma1980, zvidzidzo zvemhuka zvakawana kuti naltrexone zvakare yakaderedza doro. Zvirwere zvemakiriniki zvevanhu zvakatevera mumakore ekupedzisira makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe. Izvi zvakaratidza kuti kana zvichisanganiswa nehutano hwepfungwa, naltrexone inogona kuderedza doro zvekudhakwa uye kuderedza kuderedzwa kwehuwandu mune doro.
Iyo FDA yakabvumira kushandiswa kwe naltrexone kupedza zvinetso zvekushandisa doro munguva ya1994. DuPont ndokuzotumidza zvakare zita remishonga Revia.
Campral (Acamprosate) Yekutambudzika
Campral (acamprosate) , ndiyo yakanyanya kupiwa mishonga inogamuchirwa mukurapa kunwa doro kana kudhakwa muU.S. Rinoshanda kuburikidza nekuderedza kushungurudzika kwepanyama uye kushungurudzika mupfungwa vanhu vanowanzoona pavanorega kunwa.
Muna 1982, kambani yeFrance Laboratoires Meram yakagadzira acamprosate yekurapa kunwa doro. Yakaedzwa kuchengetedzwa nekubudirira kubva muna 1982 kusvika muna 1988 apo yakagamuchirwa kuti ishandiswe nehurumende yeFrance kuronga doro. Yakatanga kutengeswa pasi pezita rokuti Aotal.
Kwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri, acamprosate yakashandiswa zvikuru muEurope yese yekurapa doro. Yakanga isingagamuchirwi kushandiswa muU.S. na FDA kusvika munaJuly 2004. Yakatanga kutengeswa muUnited States munaJanuary 2005 pasi pezita reCampral.
Campral ikozvino inotengeswa muUnited States neS Forest Pharmaceuticals.
Sources:
Kudhakwa Kwemishonga uye Mental Health Services Administration. "Kuwedzera Doro Pharmacotherapies Kuchipinda Mushonga." Treatment Improvement Protocol Series. 2009.
> Kudhakwa Kwemishonga uye Mental Health Services Administration uye National Institute pamusoro Doro Doro Doro nekudhakwa. Mishonga yekurapa Doro Rekushandisa Dambudziko: Nhungamiro Pfupi . 2015.