Tsanangudzo dzezvechiremba yehuwandu hwekudhakwa nedoro nekudhakwa
Ikoko hapana chaicho chinozivikanwa chepamutemo chechidhakwa . Mamiriro evanhu ayo ave achinzi nguva refu kudhakwa kunonzi "doro rinodhaka kushandiswa kwechirwere," seyaMay 2013 rakabudiswa ye 5th edition ye "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ye Mental Disorders" (DSM-5) neAmerican Psychiatric Association. Ne-DSM-5, kana munhu akaratidza zviratidzo zviviri kana kupfuura kubva pane urongwa hwezvinokwana gumi nemasere, vanoonekwa kuti vane doro rekushandisa doro, nekugadziriswa kwezvinyoro, kuenzanisa, uye kwakanyanya.
Iyo DSM-IV (yakabudiswa muna 1994) yakange isisina "doro" kuongororwa asi panzvimbo pacho yakatsanangura zvinetso zviviri zvakasiyana- kudhakwa nekudhakwa-nedoro rinokonzerwa nehutachiwana hwega. I-DSM-5 inobatanidza matambudziko maviri mune rimwe doro rekushandisa chirwere ne-sub-classifications yekuoma.
Unyoro, Hwakanaka uye Wakanyanyisa Doro Shandisa Dambudziko
Kuoma kwehutano hwekushandisa doro kunotsanangurwa se:
- Unyoro : Kuvapo kwezviratidzo zviviri kana zvitatu
- Muenzaniso: Kuvapo kwezviratidzo zvina kusvika ku5
- Zvakanyanya : Kuvapo kwezviratidzo zvitanhatu kana kupfuura
Kunyange zvazvo pane zvakawanda zvakapindirana pakati pezvinotarisirwa (urongwa hwezviratidzo) hunoshandiswa neDMM-IV uye DSM-5, pane zvinhu zviviri zvinokosha. I-DSM-5 inopedza matambudziko epamutemo semugumisiro wokunwa sechirwere chekuongororwa asi inowedzera chido chodhawa sechirevo.
11 Zviratidzo zvakanyorwa mu DSM-5
Izvi zvinotevera zviratidzo 11 zvakabudiswa mu DSM-5 iyo inoshandiswa kugadzirisa kana mumwe munhu ane doro rekushandisa dambudziko:
- Doro rinowanzotorwa mukuwanda kukuru kana kupfuura kwenguva yakareba kupfuura yakarongwa.
- Pane chido chinoramba chiripo kana kuti kubudirira kwekuedza kuderedza kana kutarisira doro kushandiswa.
- Nguva yakawanda inopedzerwa mumabasa anodiwa kuwana doro, kushandisa doro, kana kudzoka kubva pamigumisiro yaro.
- Kuda , kana chido chakasimba kana kukurudzira kushandisa doro.
- Kudzokorora kushandiswa kwewaini kunokonzera kukundikana kuzadzisa mabasa makuru ekushanda kuchikoro, kuchikoro, kana kumusha.
- Kuenderera mberi kwekushandisa doro pasinei nekuve nezvinetso zvinoramba zvichiramba kana zvevanhu kana kuti zvinoshandiswa zvinokonzerwa kana kuwedzererwa nemigumisiro yekudhakwa.
- Zvinhu zvakakosha zvemagariro evanhu, zvebasa, kana zvekuzorodzwa zvinorambidzwa kana kuderedzwa nekuda kwedoro rekushandisa.
- Doro rinodzokorora rinoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu ayo ari pangozi mumuviri .
- Doro rinoshandiswa rinopfuurira pasinei neruzivo rwekuve nechinetso chinoramba chiripo kana kuti chepfungwa chinogona kunge chakakonzerwa kana chakawedzerwa nedoro.
- Kushivirira , sezvinotsanangurwa nezvimwe zvinotevera: a) Chido chekuwedzera zvakanyanya doro kuti uwane kudhakwa kana kuti zvaunoda, kana b) Chiitiko chakakanganiswa zvakanyanya nekupfuurira kushandiswa kwehuwandu hwewaini.
- Kurega , sezvinoratidzwa nechimwe chezviitiko zvinotevera: a) Chimiro chekuregera chirwere chewaini b) Doro (kana chinhu chakabatana zvakadai, se benzodiazepine) chinotorwa kuti isunungure kana kuti kudzivisa zviratidzo zvekudzorera.
DSM-5 Inotsvaga Zvimwe Kurwiswa
Nzira yekutsvaga doro kushandiswa kwechirwere yakauya pane zvimwe kutsoropodzwa nokuti, pasi pe DSM-5, chero mudzidzi wekoroji uyo aimboita zvekudhakwa uye achibvuma kuti achinwa doro rinotonhorera kamwechete kwenguva pfupi aigona kuongororwa ane chirwere uye akadanwa doro.
Saizvozvowo, kana kushivirira uye kuzvidzora zviratidzo ndezviviri chete zvinodiwa zvinodiwa kuti mumwe munhu aongororwe, zvino "ani nani anonwa mabirasi maviri ewaini nechinguva manheru manheru oga oga achange achienzanidza uye anocherechedza anozvibata uye kuregera. huwandu hunokonzera kukanganisa kwakanyanya, asi huchava pachena pakubvunzurudzwa, "maererano naDkt Gitlow, purezidhendi weAmerican Society of Addiction Medicine. "Munhu iyeye iye zvino ane doro rinodhaka kushandisa chirwere."
> Sources:
> Doro Rekushandisa Matambudziko. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcool-consumption/alcohol-use-disorders.
> Doro Rekushandisa Matambudziko: Kuenzanisa Pakati pe DSM-IV uye DSM-5 NIH Publication No. 13-7999. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. November 2013. https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/dsmfactsheet/dsmfact.pdf.
> Gitlow S. Commentary: DSM-5: New Addiction Terminology, Same Disease. Ushamwari hweMishonga Inodhaka-Vasina. June 2013. https://drugfree.org/learn/drug-and-alcohol-news/commentary-dsm-5-new-addiction-terminology-same-disease/.