A Tarisa Mishonga, Mazano uye Maitiro Ekurapa
Kutenda kwemakore ekutsvakurudza, vanachiremba uye vashandi vehutano iye zvino vane mishonga yakazara yezvasarudzo kuti vabate zvinetso zvekushandisa doro. Kuvaka pamusoro pekufambira mberi uku, masayendisiti anoramba achishanda pamishonga mitsva uye anoona nzira itsva dzekuvandudza kubudirira, kuwanika, hutano, uye kugadzirisa-kubudirira kwehutano kune vanhu vane dambudziko rekushandisa doro.
Kuramira paVafudzi veChidzidzo Chikuru
Chidzidzo chikuru chakabudiswa muna 2006 chakatevera vanopfuura 1 300 vadzidza kudzidza munzvimbo 11 dzinodzidza pamusoro pemakore matatu kuti vaone kuti kusanganiswa kwekurapa, mishonga, nekupa mazano kwakakosha sei mukurapa dambudziko rekushandisa doro zvisina kunaka.
Kubatanidza Mishonga uye Kupindira Kwekuita Kunwa Doro Kubvuma (COMBINE) kuongorora kwakabudisa mimwe migumisiro inoshamisa apo yakaratidza kuti imwe yemishonga mitsva inoshandiswa mukurapa kudhakwa yakakundikana kugadzirisa zvido zvekurapa pachayo.
Sezvinoratidzwa muZVIMBINE, hapana mushonga mumwe chete kana urongwa hwekurapa hunobudirira munyaya dzose kana mumunhu wese.
Anti-Dorowa Zvinodhaka Revia, Vivitrol uye Campral
Chidzidzo chacho chakawana kuti kana chikabatanidzwa nehurongwa hwekurapa kurapwa kwehutano hwepanyama huine zvikamu zvipfumbamwe zvidimbu zvinotungamirirwa nehutano hwehutano kuti mishonga yemishonga inodhakwa Revia neVivitrol (naltrexone) uye kusvika kumakumi maviri ezvidzidzo zvekudhakwa kwewaini zvakakosha zvakaenzana kurapwa kwechidhakwa .
"Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kana naltrexone kana kunyanya kunwa doro rinodhaka- nehutano hwakarongeka hwehutano-inzira inobatsira yekurapa doro rekudhakwa," akadaro Mark L. Willenbring, MD, mutungamiri, kupatsanurwa kwehutano uye kutsvakurudza kutsvaga, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Kunwa doro. "Kunyange zvazvo kurapwa kwechiremba kwakaoma zvikuru kudarika kupindira kwewaini kunowanikwa mune dzakawanda zvehutano hwemazuva ano, hazvisiyana nezvimwe zvirwere zvekutarisira zvakadai sokutanga insulin therapy kune varwere vane chirwere cheshuga mellitus."
Chidzidzo chacho chakawana kuti kuunganidza imwe doro-zvinodzivisa zvinodhaka Campral ( acamprosate ) nehurongwa hwehutano hwekurapa hauna kugadzirisa zvibereko. Campral haina kuita zvakanakisisa kupfuura placebo kana dummy pill. Izvi zvakagadziriswa nevatsvakurudzi kubva pane zvidzidzo zvekare zvakamboitwa muEurope vachishandisa Campral vakanga vapa zvibereko zvakanaka zvekurapa.
DZIDZISA Chidzidzo Pfungwa
Mushure memavhiki gumi nemana, chidzidzo che COMBINE chakaratidzira zvakakosha zvinogadziriswa zvevadzidzi vanenge vachidzidza.
| DZIDZISA Zvidzidzo Zvidzidzo |
|---|
| Mapoka ose akadzidza zvakanyanya kuderedza kunwa panguva yekurapa. Zvose zvikamu zvemazuva mashoma makumi matatu, zvichibva pa25 kusvika ku7 muzana, uye doro rinoshandiswa nevhiki rimwe nerimwe rakaderera kubva pakisva 66 kusvika ku13, kunodarika 80 muzana. |
| Varwere vakagamuchira kurapwa kwechiremba pamwe chete kana Revia kana Vivitrol ( naltrexone ) kana kuti kupa zano rakanaka kwakaratidza zvakafanana nemigumisiro yezvinodhaka zvekudhakwa (80 muzana) zvichienzaniswa nevarwere vakagamuchira kurapwa uye mapiritsi e placebo (75 muzana). |
| Varwere vakagamuchira Revia kana Vivitrol vakashuma vashuva kudha doro. |
| Kuwedzera Revia kana Vivitrol kana kunyanya kunyoresa doro kunotarisira kurapwa kwakapetwa kaviri mukana wekuita zvakanaka. |
Kubatanidzwa kweKupindira Kwekuita
Kubatana kwehutano hwehutano hwekuita (CBI) - iyo inosanganisira kupa mazano ekugadzirisa-kugadzirisa maitiro , maitiro ekukurudzira, uye nzira dzekusimudzira kubatana kweboka kubatanidzwa-zvakaratidza migumisiro inobatsira mune zvidzidzo.
Mishonga Inopa Mishonga Inobatsira
Maererano nekutsvakurudza, mishonga inoratidzika seyo chikamu chakanaka chekukunda kusanganiswa kwekushungurudza kwekushandisa doro. Uye, inoshandiswa kushandiswa senzira yekurapa doro.
"Kutsvaga kwakasimba kwazvo mukudzidza ndechokuti avo vanogamuchira mishonga chero ipi zvayo vakanakisisa kupfuura avo vasina kugamuchira mapiritsi zvachose," anodaro Purofesa Barbara Mason, Scripps Research Institute, uye munyori wekudzidza. "Izvozvi zvinofanira kunge zvakasimudzwa uye nevanodarika 1 kubva muzana yevaya vari kutsvaga rubatsiro rwekudhakwa kunwa doro, mishonga inoshandiswa. Mishonga yekudhakwa kunogona kupa varwere mukana wekugora kwavo, kunyanya munyika chaiyo. "
Nzira yeSinclair
Muna 2001, David Sinclair, Ph.D., mumwe muongorori muFinland akataura kuti 80 muzana mushonga wehutano hwekudhakwa newaini apo zvinodhakwa zvinodhaka Revia kana Vivitrol zvinorayirwa maererano neSinclair yake. Tsvakurudzo yaDkt. Sinclair yakabudiswa mumagazini anonyatsotariswa Doro uye Alcoholism uye Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. Nzira yeSinclair ndiyo inoshandiswa yehutano hwehutano hwekudhakwa muAlfonia muFinland, iyo nzira inoshandiswawo muUnited States, asi iyo nzira inofanirwa kubata muUnited States.
NeSinclair Method, vanhu vanongotora Revia kana Vivitrol vasati vanwa uye vasati vamboita. Revia uye Vivitrol hazvifanani nedzimwe mishonga inodhakwa zvinodhaka inokonzera zvirwere zvakanyanya uye hangover kunzwa apo inotorwa nedoro. Kuchinja kwehutano kunongowanikwa kupfuura kwenguva. NeSinclair Method, Revia kana Vivitrol inotora awa imwe musati wadhakwa doro. Pakupera kwemwedzi mina kusvika kwitanhatu yekurapa neSinclair Method, 80 kubva muzana yevanhu vakanga vanyanyisa kunwa doro vari kunwa zvine mwero kana kuti varege zvachose.
Nzira iyo inoshanda iyo apo vanhu vanowanzowanwa doro, endorphins dzinosunungurwa muuropi, uye izvi zvinomira maitiro ekunwa doro. Revia uye Vivitrol vanovhara ma-endorphins anonzwa-akanaka. Zvakafanana nepo imbwa dzaPavlov dzakapiwa nezvokudya apo bhero rakanga riri rungiri, imbwa idzi dzakagadziriswa kuti dzikwanise kurira painzwi rebhero chete. Zvisinei, apo imbwa idzi dzikaramba dzichiendeswa nebhengin'i yekunyorera uye pasina zvokudya, kumhanya kwakamira.
Zvinotendwa kuti chikonzero chikuru che Sinclair Method hachina kubatwa muUnited States mairi maviri. MuUnited States, mapurogiramu gumi nemaviri anotaridzika ari kutonga zvirongwa zvekurapa zvakatemwa navanachiremba, izvo, uye vanachiremba havanzwisisi kuti Sinclair Method inokurudzira vanhu vane dambudziko rekudhakwa doro kuti varambe vachimwa.
> Sources:
Anton, RF, et al. "Kubatanidza Pharmacotherapies uye Kupindira Kwemitemo yekudhakwa Kunwa Doro. Nyaya yeAmerican Medical Association. May 2006
> National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Kufambira Mberi Mukudhakwa Kwekudhakwa, Kunwa Doro Nehutano , Bhuku 33, Nhamba 4. 2011.
> Sinclair, JD Zvinodhaka Kurambidza Doro Kunwa. Annals of Medicine 22 : 357-362, 1990.
> Sinclair, JD. Uchapupu Pamusoro Pokushandiswa kweNaltrexone uye Nzira Dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushandisa muArape of Alcoholism. Doro uye Doro. 36 (1): 2-10. 2001.
> Heinälä P, Alho H, Kiianmaa K, Lönnqvist J, Kuoppasalmi K, Sinclair JD.Kutariswa Kushandiswa kweNaltrexone Pasati Yamboita Detoxification Mukurapa Kwezvinodhaka Doro: A Factorial Double-Blind, Placebo-Controled Trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001 Jun; 21 (3): 287-92.