Ko hurumende yakakurumbira yaMaslow ichiri kukosha here?
Chero ani zvake akambotora psychology zvichida ane ruzivo rwakakosha rwaAbraham Maslow wehurumende yezvinodiwa . Maslow akaratidza kuti zvinodiwa panheyo ye piramidi, iyo inosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai sekudya, mvura, uye kurara, inofanira kusangana pamberi pevanhu vasati vaenderera mberi kunoda zvakasimudzwa pahurumende.
Mushure mekuzadzikisa zvido izvi zvinokosha, vanhu vanopfuurira kune zvinodikanwa zvekuchengeteka nekuchengeteka, zvino kuva vorudo uye rudo uye zvino kukoshesa.
Pakupedzisira, kana izvi zvese zviduku zvakaderera zvakasangana, Maslow akarayira kuti vanhu vafambe pane zvinodiwa pamusoro wepiramidhi, iyo inozivikanwa seyokuzvigadzirisa.
Pepanhau re1976 raWahba naBridwell vakaratidza kuti kubvumirwa kusingabvumirwi kwehurumende yeMaslow kunoda kutariswa nekutsvakurudza kwakawedzerwa. Kuongorora kwavo kwekutsvakurudza kunowanika panguva iyo yakawanikwa zvishoma kubatsirana kwehutano hwehurumende.
Zvimwe zvitsvakurudzo zvenguva ichangobva kupa humwe hutsigiro hwehutungamiri hweMaslow hwepakutanga, asi vazhinji vanoratidza kuti dzidziso yacho inogona kunge ichitsvagadzirwa kuratidza zviri nani zvido zvehupenyu hwemazuva ano.
Maslow's Hierarchy Anomira?
Maslow's leadership of needs continues to be popularly popular and mostly accepted, but the evidence available does not support the Maslow's theory.
"Maslow's need hierarchy theory inoudza mudzidzi wekushanda kwebasa nechiitiko chinonakidza," Wahba naBridwell vakanyora. "Dzidziso yacho inogamuchirwa, asi pane uchapupu hushoma hwokutsigira."
- Mukuongorora kwavo kwekutsvakurudza kuripo, Wahba naBridwell vakawana kuti pakanga pasina rubatsiro rukuru rwekusimbisa kuratidza kuti zvinoda zviripo mune hurumende .
- Vamwe vatsoropodzi vakatsanangurawo kuti hurumende yepakutanga haigoni kubvunza kuti izvo zvinodiwa zvinowanzochinja maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu .
- Maslow'sory also does not account for the difference between the individualist and colletivist cultures .
Maslow's Hierarchy Anoda Kuvandudzwa Here?
Muna 2010, boka revapfungwa dzepfungwa rakaedza kuongorora masimba ekutonga kwaMaslow. Shanduro yavo yakagadziridzwa yeklasi inoda piramidi yakabudiswa munyaya yePfungwa pane Psychological Sciences . Kunyange zvazvo hutungamiri hwepakutanga hwakanga huine mazinga mashanu, iyi shanduro yakavandudzwa yaisanganisira manomwe.
Izvo zvikamu zvina zvakaderera zvemavara matsva aya akafanana zvakafanana naMaslow's, asi kuchinja kukuru kunogona kuonekwa pamatunhu makuru ehurukuro itsva. Zvose zvinoshamisa kuti zvichida ndezvokuti zvakabvisa zvikamu zvakakwirira kupfuura zvepakutanga-zvekuzvipira.
Sei uchibvisa kuzvitonga? Vanyori venyaya yacho vakaratidza kuti nepo kuzvitsvaga kwekugadzirisa zvinhu kuchiri kukosha uye kunonakidza, asi haisi yekushanduka kwezvinodiwa.
Pane kudaro, vanyori vakaratidza, zvizhinji zvezviitiko uye zvinodiwa izvo Maslow pakutanga akazviona seanozvigadzirisa zvinomiririra zvidzidzo zvehupenyu, sekukwevera mumwe wako uye kuva nevana.
Saka chii chinoshandiswa pakuzvitsvaga pachedu pamusoro pehutungamiri huripo hwakarongwa?
- Kubereka kunotora nzvimbo yakakwirira, inotevera
- Kuchengetedzwa kweMate ,
- Mate acquisition , uye
- Mamiriro / maonero .
- Kutevera zvidikanwi izvi kuwirirana nekuzvidzivirira .
- Zvichida zvinodiwa zvepanyama zvinoumba chikamu chepiramidi.
"Pakati pezvinangwa zvevanhu zvinonyanya kukosha ndezvokuti izvo zvinogadzirisa kubereka kwemajeni edu muvana vedu vevana," akatsanangura munyori wechirwere akadzidza Douglas Kenrick weArizona State University muhurukuro yekubudisa mashoko. "Nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho, kuvabereki ndiko kunokosha."
Izvozvo zvakarongedzwa kuMaslow's hurumarchy yekutanga hazvina kuuya pasina kupokana, zvakadaro.
Nyaya yemagazini yakange iine hutungamiri hwakarongeka yakaisawo zvinyorwa zvitsanangudzo zvakasiyana siyana zvakapa maonero pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvekare uye zvakavandudzwa zvehurumende.
Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vachibvumirana nemashoko ekutanga ehurumende yakadzokororwa, kunyanya kushanduka kwezvakaitika zvekudzokorora, vazhinji vakagumburwa nekubviswa kwekuzvitsvaga kwekuita sechinhu chinonyanya kukosha.
Vanhu Vari Mumarudzi Akasiyana Vanogona Kuve Nezvavanoda
Pasinei nekududzirwa kwetsika yacho, pane zvichitsvaga zvitsva zvinotsvakiridza kutsigira kwakarurama kwehurumende. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Ed Diener weYunivhesiti yeItaly akatungamirira chidzidzo chakaisa hurumende yakakurumbira yezvinodiwa kuedza munyika dzakasiyana-siyana munyika yose.
Vatsvakurudzi vakaita maongororo pamusoro pezvokudya, pokugara, kuchengeteka, mari, rubatsiro rwemagariro evanhu, kuremekedzwa, uye manzwiro munyika 155 dzakasiyana pakati pa2005 na2012. Kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zvikamu zvezvavakawana zvichienderana nemasikirwo aMaslow, panewo zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvido zvinorondedzerwa munyanzvi inoonekwa sezvose. Zvisinei, urongwa apo izvo zvido izvi zvinosangana hazvina kuita kuti vanhu vagutsikane noupenyu.
"Zvatinowana zvinoratidza kuti Maslow'sory inonyanya kururamisa. Munharaunda pasi rese kuzadzikiswa kwezvido zvake zvinoratidzirwa zvinopindirana nemufaro," Diener akatsanangura mukubudiswa kwemashoko. "Zvisinei, kuenda kwakakosha kubva muMaslow'sory ndechokuti takaona kuti munhu anokwanisa kurondedzera kuva nehukama hwakanaka hwehukama uye kuzvigadzirisa pachedu kunyange kana zvidikanwi zvavo zvekuda uye kuchengetedza zvisingaiti zvakakwana."
Kunyange zvazvo tsvakurudzo ichangobva kuonekwa inofanirwa kutsigira pfungwa yezvisikwa zvevanhu vose, kutsigirwa kwaMaslow kunotsvaga hutungamiri huri kuramba huripo.
References:
Kendrick, DT, Vladas, G., Neuberg, SL, & Schaller, M. (2010). Kuvandudza piramidi yezvinodiwa: Zvinyorwa zvezuva ranhasi zvakavakirwa pane nheyo dzekare. Pfungwa muScience Psychology, 5 (3), 292-314. doi: 10.1177 / 1745691610369469.
Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2011). Zvinoda uye kuzviisa pasi kune hupenyu munyika yose. Zvinyorwa zveMunhu uye Social Psychology, 101 (2), 354-365. DOI: 10.1037 / a0023779.
Wahba, MA, & Bridwell, LG (1976). Maslowlow akaongororwa: Kuongororwa kwekutsvakurudza pamusoro pekudiwa kwehutungamiri hwemashoko. Kurongeka kweHurumende uye Human Performance, 15, 212-240.