Abraham Maslow akanga ari nyanzvi yepfungwa dzeAmerica zvichida anozivikanwa seimwe yevadzidzisi vezvepfungwa dzevanhu uye nekuda kwehurumende yake yakakurumbira yezvinodiwa. Maslow akafunga kuti Freud's psychoanalytic theory uye Skinner's behavioral theory yainyanya kufunga nezvekusaziva kana kuisa pfungwa dzehupenyu uye kukanganisa zvose zvinogona uye zvisikwa izvo vanhu vanezvo.
Maslow's leadership of needs suggested that people have a number of needs, and as these needs meet they can continue to pursue other needs. Zvinodiwa panheyo yehutungamiri hwake ndezvimwe zvakasikwa muzvisikwa, zvishoma nezvishoma zvinotama kusvika mune zvekugarana, zvepfungwa uye kuzvigadzirisa zvinodiwa sezvinosimudzira hurumende.
"Nyaya yerudzi rwevanhu inhau yevarume nevakadzi vanozvitengesa vashoma." - Abraham Maslow
Chinonyanya Kuzivikanwa
Maslow's Early Life
Abraham Maslow akaberekwa musi waApril 1, 1908, kuBrooklyn, New York, kwaakakurira iye wekutanga wevana vanomwe vakazvarwa nevabereki vake vechiJudha vakatama kubva kuRussia. Maslow akazotsanangura kubwinya kwake achiri muduku asisina mufaro uye akasurukirwa, uye akapedza nguva yakawanda munguva yake muraibhurari yakadhindwa mumabhuku.
Pakupedzisira, Maslow akapfuurira kundodzidza mutemo paGuta College reNew York (CCNY) ndokuroora munun'una wake wekutanga Bertha Goodman.
Akazoshandura kuYunivhesiti yeWisconsin kwaakagadzira chido mune zvepfungwa uye akawana mutungamiri mune zvezvepfungwa Harry Harlow uyo akashanda semudzidzisi wake wechiremba. Maslow akawana zvikamu zvitatu zvemadhigirii ake mumapfungwa kubva kuYunivhesiti yeWisconsin: chikoro chebhasikiti muna 1930, chiremba wechikoro muna 1931 uye doctorate muna 1934.
Basa uye Manyanisi Mafungiro
Abraham Maslow akatanga kudzidzisa kuBrooklyn College muna 1937 uye akaramba achishanda senhengo yechikoro chechikoro kusvikira muna 1951. Panguva ino, akanyanya kuchinjwa naGestalt wezvepfungwa mainzi Max Wertheimer uye anthropologist Ruth Benedict. Maslow aidavira kuti ivo vaiva vanhu vakasiyana-siyana zvokuti akatanga kuongorora uye kutora zvinyorwa pamaitiro avo. Kuongorora uku kwakashanda senheyo yemafungiro ake nekutsvakurudza pamusoro pevanhu.
Pakazosvika makore makumi mashanu, Maslow akava mumwe wevadzidzisi uye vanofambisa mushure mechikoro chekufunga chinonzi " psychology" . Zvinyorwa zvake zvinosanganisira hurumende yezvido, kuzviratidza uye kugona kwezvakaitika zvakaitika kuva nheyo dzinokosha mumusangano wevanhu.
Iyo nzira yekuzvigadzirisa pachake yakaita basa rinokosha mumasikirwo aMaslow. Akatsanangura tsika iyi se "kushandiswa kwakakwana uye kushandiswa kwematarenda, masimba, zvigaro, zvimwe" Mune mamwe mazwi, vanhu vari kugara vari mukuedza kuedza kusvika pavanokwanisa. Kuzvigadzirisa hakusi ipo yekuguma kana kuenda. Iyo inopfuurira iyo iyo vanhu vachiri kuramba vachizvidzivirira uye vachiwana zvikwiriso zvitsva zvehupenyu, zvisikwa, nekuzadzika.
Maslow aidavira kuti vanhu vanozvigadzirisa vane mazita anokosha. Zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi zvinosanganisira kuzvigamuchira, kuzvidzora, kuzvimirira uye kukwanisa kuva nezvakawanda zvezviitiko.
Contributions to Psychology
Pane imwe nguva apo vazhinji vanofunga nezvepfungwa vanofunga nezvehupenyu hwevanhu hwakanga huri kuonekwa sechinhu chisina kujairika, Abraham Maslow akafuratira kutarisa kumativi akanaka ehutano hwepfungwa. Kufarira kwake mune zvingaitwa nevanhu, kutsvaga zviitiko zvakanyanya uye kuvandudza hutano hwepfungwa nokutsvaga kukura kwavo kwaive nekusingaperi kwepfungwa.
Kunyange zvazvo basa raMaslow rakava risingafarirwi nevadzidzi vakawanda vezvepfungwa uye vamwe vanoratidza kuti hurumende yake inogona kunge yakakodzera nokuda kwekuvandudzwa , pfungwa dzake dziri kunakidzwa nekudzoka nekuda kwekuwedzera kwechido mune zvepfungwa dzakanaka .
Maslow akafa muCalifornia musi waJune 8, 1970, nekuda kwekurwadziwa kwemwoyo.
Selected Publications
- Maslow, A. (1954). Kukurudzira uye Unhu . NY: Harper.
- Maslow, A. (1962). Kutarisa kuPajychology of Being . NY: Van Nostrand.
> Sources:
> Muchinjikwa, M. 100 Vanhu Vakashandura muzana remakore rechi20 America, Bhuku 1. Santa Barbara, CA; ABC-CLIO; 2013.
> Lawson, R, Graham, J, & Baker, K. History of Psychology: Kudyidzana, Mazano, uye Applications. New York: Routledge; 2007.