Iyo Maslow's Famous Hierarchy Inotsanangura Sei Kukurudzira Kwevanhu?
Chii chinokurudzira maitiro evanhu? Mutungamiri weMaslow wezvinodiwa ndeimwe yenzira dzakakurumbira dzekukurudzira . Maererano nenyanzvi yezvepfungwa dzevanhu, Abraham Maslow , zviito zvedu zvinokurudzirwa kuitira kuti tiwane zvimwe zvido.
Kunyatsoongorora Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow akatanga kutaurira pfungwa yake yehutungamiri hwezvido mumagwaro ake 1943 "A Theory of Human Motivation" uye bhuku rake rakatevera rinonzi Motivation uye Unhu . Uyu hutungamiri hunoratidza kuti vanhu vanokurudzirwa kuzadzisa zvido zvekutanga vasati vaenderera pane zvimwe, zvakanyanya zvakanyanya zvinodiwa.
Kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zvezvikoro zvepfungwa zvaivepo panguva iyoyo (zvakadai sepfungwaanalysis uye kuzvibata ) zvakagara zvichifunga nezvekuita zvinetso, Maslow ainyanya kufarira kudzidza pamusoro pezvinoita kuti vanhu vafare uye zvinhu zvavanoita kuti vabudirire chinangwa ichocho.
Semunhu wevanhu , Maslow aidavira kuti vanhu vane chido chekuzvarwa chekuzviratidza ivo pachavo, ndiko kuti, kuva zvose zvavanogona kuva. Kuti zvizadzike zvinangwa izvi, zvisinei, zvinodiwa zvakasiyana siyana zvinofanirwa kusangana zvakadai sekudiwa kwekudya, kuchengeteka, rudo, nekuzviremekedza .
Kune zvikamu zvishanu zvakasiyana zvehutungamiri hweMaslow hwezvinodiwa. Ngatinyatsoongorai zvido zveMaslow zvichibva pamatunhu akakwirira, ayo anozivikanwa sezvido zvepanyama.
Kubvira Pakutanga Kuenda Kune Zvimwe Zvidikanwi Zvinodiwa
Maslow's leadership is often shown as a pyramid. Iyo yakaderera pasi piramidhi inoumbwa nezvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru, asi izvo zvinoda zvakanyanya zvakanyanya zviri pamusoro pe piramidi.
Zvinhu zvinodiwa pasi pepiramidi ndezvokuda zvakakosha zvemuviri zvinosanganisira kudiwa kwekudya, mvura, kurara, nekudziya. Kana izvi zvido zvepamusoro-pasi zvave zvakasangana, vanhu vanogona kuenderera kune imwe yero yezvinodiwa, izvo ndezvekuchengeteka uye kuchengeteka.
Sezvo vanhu vachifambira mberi piramidhi, vanoda kuwedzera kukura mupfungwa uye hutano. Nokukurumidza, kudiwa kwerudo , ushamwari, uye ukama hwepedyo zvinokosha. Kuwedzera mberi piramidhi, chido chekuzviremekedza uye manzwiro ekubudirira chinokosha.
Kufanana naCar Rogers , Maslow akasimbisa kukosha kwekuzvipira, iyo ndiyo nzira yekukura uye kukura semunhu kuitira kuti munhu aite zvaanokwanisa.
Kushayikwa Kunoshaiwa Nekudiwa Nekukura
Maslow aidavira kuti izvi zvinodiwa zvakafanana nemasikirwo uye zvinoita basa guru mukukurudzira mafambiro. Physiological, kuchengeteka, hutano, uye kukoshesa zvido zvinoshaiwa zvinodikanwa, izvo zvinomuka nekuda kwekushaiwa. Kugutsa zvido izvi zvepamusoro zvakakosha kuitira kuti urege kudzivisa manzwiro kana migumisiro.
Maslow akareva chikwata chapamusoro che piramidi sekuda kwekuda. Izvi hazvirevi kubva pakushaiwa kwechimwe chinhu, asi kubva pane chido chokukura semunhu.
Kunyange zvazvo dzidziso iyi inowanzoonekwa sehutongi hwakasimba hwakasimba, Maslow akacherechedza kuti urongwa apo izvo zvido izvi zvinozadzika hazvirevi nguva dzose kutevera uku kufambira mberi. Somuenzaniso, akacherechedza kuti kune vamwe vanhu, kukosha kwekuzviremekedza kwakakosha kupfuura kudiwa kwe rudo. Kune vamwe, chido chekuzadzika kwekusika chinogona kukunda kunyange izvo zvinodiwa zvikuru.
Zvido zveMagariro
Zvinhu zvinokosha zvepanyama zvinenge zvichida zvakajeka-izvi zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvinokosha kuti tipone. Mimwe mienzaniso yezvinodiwa zvepanyama inosanganisira:
- Zvokudya
- Mvura
- Kupisa
- Homeostasis
Mukuwedzera kune zvinodiwa zvinodiwa zvezvokudya, mhepo nemhepo yekushisa, zvinodiwa zvepanyama zvinosanganisirawo zvinhu zvakadai senhare uye zvipfeko. Maslow akabatanidza kubereka zvepabonde munzvimbo ino yehukuru hwezvido sezvo zvichikosha pakupona nekuparadzirwa kwemarudzi.
Zvokuchengetedza uye Zvokuchengetedza Zvido
Sezvatinoenda kunzvimbo yechipiri yehutungamiri hweMaslow hwezvido, zvinodiwa zvinotanga kuva zvakaoma zvikuru. Panzvimbo iyi, zvido zvekuchengeteka uye kuchengeteka zvinotangira. Vanhu vanoda kutungamirirwa uye kurongeka muupenyu hwavo, naizvozvo ichi chinodiwa chekuchengeteka nekuchengeteka kunobatsira zvikuru kunyanya maitiro kune iyi.
Zvimwe zvezvidzidzo zvekuchengeteka uye kuchengetedzwa zvinosanganisira:
- Kuchengetedzwa kwemari
- Heath uye zvakanaka
- Kudzivirirwa pazviitiko nekukuvara
Kuwana basa, kuwana inshuwarhu yehutano nekuchengetwa kwehutano, kupa mari kubhuku rekuchengetedza, uye kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo yakachengeteka yose mienzaniso yezviito zvinokurudzirwa nekuchengeteka uye kuchengeteka zvinodiwa.
Pamwe chete, kuchengeteka uye hutano hwehutongi hwehutongi hunoita izvo zvinowanzozonzi sezvinodiwa.
Zvido zveNzanga
Zvido zvehupfumi muhutungamiri hweMaslow zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai se rudo, kugamuchirwa uye kuva. Panzvimbo iyi, kudiwa kwehukama hwepfungwa kunotungamirira hupenyu hwevanhu. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinogutsa izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Ushamwari
- Kushamwaridzana
- Mhuri
- Masangano evanhu
- Masangano evanhu
- Machechi nemasangano ezvitendero
Kuti udzivise matambudziko akadai sokusurukirwa , kuora mwoyo, uye kuzvidya mwoyo, zvinokosha kuti vanhu vanzwe vadiwa uye vanogamuchirwa nevamwe vanhu. Ukama hwepedyo neshamwari, mhuri, uye vanoda vanoita basa rinokosha, sezvinoitika mune mamwe mapoka angasanganisira mapoka ezvitendero, masangano emitambo, mabhuku emabhuku, uye mamwe mabasa eboka.
Esteem Needs
Pakati yechina muhurumende yeMaslow ndiyo chido chekuonga nekuremekedzwa. Apo zvido zvekunze zvikamu zvitatu zvakave zvakagutsikana, kukoshesa zvinodiwa kunotanga kutamba chikamu chakakosha pakukurudzira maitiro.
Panguva ino, inowedzera kukosha kuwana ruremekedzo nekuonga kwevamwe. Vanhu vane chido chekuita zvinhu uye zvino vanoedza kuita.
Mukuwedzera kune kudiwa kwemanzwiro ekubudirira uye mukurumbira, kukoshesa kwekudiwa kunosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai sekuzviremekedza uye zvakakosha. Vanhu vanoda kuziva kuti ivo vanokoshesa uye nevamwe uye vanofunga kuti vari kuita chipo kunyika. Kubatanidzwa mumabasa ezvemhizha, kubudirira kwezvidzidzo, kutambira mitambo kana kutamba kwechikwata, uye zvido zvevanhu zvese zvinogona kuita basa mukuzadzisa zvinodiwa.
Vanhu vanogona kukwanise kukudzwa kwekuda kuburikidza nekuwana kuzvikudza kwakanaka uye kuonekwa kwevamwe vanoita sevanonzwa vane chivimbo mumano avo. Vaya vasingazviremekedzi uye kuremekedzwa kwevamwe vanogona kukudziridza manzwiro ekuderera.
Pamwe chete, kukudzwa uye hutano hwevanhu hunoumba izvo zvinozivikanwa sezvinodiwa zvepfungwa zvehurumende.
Self-Actualization Needs
Pakati pepamusoro wehutungamiri hweMaslow ndiyo yekuzvigadzirisa zvido. "Munhu angave akadini, anofanira kunge ari," Maslow akatsanangura, achitaura nezvekudiwa kwevanhu vanofanira kuzadzikisa zvese zvavo sevanhu.
Maererano neMaslow tsanangudzo yekuzvigadzirisa:
"Zvinogona kunge zvichitsanangurwa zvisina kufanira sekushandiswa kwakakwana uye kushandiswa kwematarenda, unyanzvi, zvigoneko, zvakadaro. Vanhu vakadaro vanoita sevari kuzadzika ivo uye vachiita zvakanakisisa zvavanokwanisa kuita ... Ivo vanhu vakagadzira kana vari kukura kusvika pakuzara kwakakwana kwavanogona. "
Vanhu vanozvipira ivo vanozviziva vanozviziva , vane hanya nekukura kwevanhu, vasina hanya nemafungiro evamwe, uye vanofarira kuzadzisa zvavanogona.
Mhosva dzeMaslow's Hierarchy yeZvitsva
Maslow's theory yave yakakurumbira zvikuru mukati uye kunze kwepfungwa. Minda yezvedzidzo nebhizimisi zvakanyanya kunyengetedzwa nedzidziso. Kunyange zvazvo yakakurumbira, pfungwa yaMaslow haina kunge isina kushorwa.
Mukuru pakati pavo:
Zvidikanwi Hazviiti Kutevera Hierarchy
Apo imwe tsvakurudzo yakaratidza humwe hutsigiro hweMaslow'sory, hutsvakurudzo dzakawanda hahukwanise kusimbisa pfungwa yezvinodikanwa zvehurumende. Wahba naBridwell vakashuma kuti pakanga pasina uchapupu hushoma hwemashoko aMaslow ezvido izvi uye kunyange uchapupu hushoma hwokuti izvi zvinodiwa zviri muurongwa hwekushandiswa.
Iyi Dzidziso Inonetsa Kuedza
Zvimwe kutsoropodzwa kweMaslow'sory note kuti tsanangudzo yake yekuzvigadzirisa zvinhu zvakaoma kuedza zvesayenzi. Kutsvakurudza kwake pamusoro pekugadzirisa pachake kwaivewo kunobva pachimiro chakanyanya chavanhu, kusanganisira vanhu vaaiziva pamwe nehupenyu hwevanhu vakakurumbira vaMaslow vaitenda kuti vakazvigadzirisa.
Nokudaro Sei Maive neHurmas's Hierarchy Yezvokuda Izvo Zvakawanda?
Pasinei nekutsoropodzwa uku, hutungamiri hwemashoko hweMaslow hunomirira chikamu chekuchinja kunokosha mune zvepfungwa. Panzvimbo pokuisa pfungwa pamusana pemaitiro asina kunaka uye kubudirira, Maslow's psychology psychology yakarongedza kukura kwevanhu vane utano hwakanaka.
Kunyange zvazvo paiva nekutsvakurudza kuduku kunotsigira dzidziso, hutungamiri hwezvido hunonyatsozivikanwa uye hwakakurumbira mukati uye kunze kwepfungwa. Mune chidzidzo chakabudiswa muna 2011, vatsvakurudzi vanobva kuYunivhesiti yeItaly vakasimuka kuti vaise hurumende kuedza.
Zvavakawana ndezvokuti apo kuzadzika kwezvinodiwa kwakanyatsoronganiswa nemufaro, vanhu vanobva kumarudzi ose pasi pose vakataura kuti kuzvitonga uye zvido zvehupfumi zvakakosha kunyange kana zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvakanyanya zvaidiwa zvikasati zvazadziswa.
Zviitiko zvakadaro zvinoratidza kuti kunyange izvo zvido izvi zvingava zvikurusa zvine simba zvehupenyu hwevanhu, hazvirevi kutora chimiro chekuita maseru icho Maslow chakatsanangurwa.
> Sources:
> Maslow, AH. Imwe Nhauriro yevanhu. Tanga Kubudisa; 2012.
> Tay, L, & Diener, E. Zvinoda uye hukama hwakanaka pasi rose . Zvinyorwa zveMunhu uye Social Psychology . 2011; 101 (2): 354-365. DOI: 10.1037 / a0023779.
> Wahba, MA, & Bridwell, LG. Maslowlow akaongororwa: Kuongororwa kwekutsvakurudza pamusoro pekudiwa kwehutungamiri hwemashoko. Kurongeka kweHurumende uye Human Performance. 1976; 15: 212-240.