Mitemo yega yega ndiyo iyo inomanikidzira zvinodikanwa zvemunhu pamusoro pezvinodiwa zveboka rose. Mune rudzi urwu rwetsika, vanhu vanoonekwa sekuzvimirira uye kuzviriritira. Unhu hwemagariro evanhu hunofanirwa kunge huchitungamirirwa nemafungiro uye zvido zvevanhu. Nzvimbo dziri kuNorth America neWestern Europe dzinofanirwa kuva munhu oga.
Kunyatsoongorora Maonero Evanhu Vose
Zvichida iwe wakambove wakanzwa mazwi evanhu nevamwe uye tsika dzevanhu pamwe chete, kazhinji mumamiriro ezvinhu ekucherechedza maitiro uye mafungiro ekusiyana pakati pemarudzi maviri evanhu.
Saka izvo chaizvoizvo zvinogadzirisa tsika dzevanhu pachavo dzakasiyana kubva pamagariro evanhu.
Mamwe maitiro akajairika emitemo yeunhu oga inosanganisira:
- Kodzero dzemunhu mumwe nomumwe dzinotora nzvimbo huru
- Kuzvimirira kunokosha zvikuru
- Kuvimba nevamwe kunowanzonyadziswa kana kunyadziswa
- Vanhu vanowanzova vanozvimirira
- Kodzero dzevanhu vanoedza kutora zvakakwirira
- Vanhu kazhinji vanowedzera kusimbiswa kwekumira kunze nekuve kwakasiyana
Mune tsika dzomunhu oga, vanhu vanoonekwa se "vakanaka" kana vakasimba, vanozvivimba, vachitsigira, uye vanozvimiririra. Izvi zvinopesana nemagariro evanhu vemunharaunda umo maitiro akafanana nokuzvipira, kuvimba, kupa, uye kubatsira kune vamwe zvakakosha zvikuru.
Nyika shomanana dzinofungidzirwa kuti tsika dzakasiyana dzinosanganisira United States, Germany, Ireland, South Africa, uye Australia.
Maitiro Evanhu Mumwechete Akasiyana Sei Nezvikoro Zvinowanikwa?
Mimwe miitiro inowanzoenzaniswa uye inopesana nemamwe marudzi emagungano .
Apo collectivism inonyanya kukoshesa kukosha kweboka uye kubatana kwemagariro evanhu, zvikwereti zvemunhu mumwe oga, rusununguko, uye kuzvigutsikana. Apo vanhu vari mumagariro evanhu vanogona kunge vachida kutendeukira kumhuri neshamwari kuti vatsigire munguva dzakaoma, avo vanogara mune dzimwe tsika dzakasiyana nevamwe vanogona kuitora voga.
Zvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana zvinomanikidzira kuti vanhu vanofanira kukwanisa kugadzirisa zvinetso kana kuita zvinangwa ivo pachavo pasina kuvimba nekubatsirwa nevamwe. Vanhu vanowanzotarisirwa "kuzvisimudza nevana vavo" apo pavanosangana nezvipingamupinyi.
Ichi chiito chekuisa pfungwa pahutano hwevanhu pachavo nekuzvimiririra chikamu chakazara chechimiro chingave nechinonyanya kukanganisa pamusoro pekuti sangano rinoshanda sei. Semuenzaniso, vashandi mune tsika dzevanhu pachavo vanowanzokoshesa hupenyu hwavo pachavo pamusoro pezvakanaka zveboka racho. Kusiyana neizvi nemutauro wevanhu vose vanogona kuzvipira ivo pachavo kunyaradza kune zvakanakisisa zvevamwe vose. Kusiyana kwakadaro kunogona kukanganisa zvose zvese zvekuita zvichibva mubasa iro munhu anosarudza, zvigadzirwa zvavanenge vatenga, uye nenyaya dzehupenyu dzavanotarisira.
Nzira dzekuchengetedza utano, semuenzaniso, dzinoshandiswa nemaitiro aya. Mitsika yega woga inomanikidza kukosha kwemunhu mumwe nomumwe anozvitarisira pasina kuvimba nevamwe kuti vabatsirwe. Vaya vari mumagariro evanhu vemunharaunda vanogona kunge vachinetseka kugoverana mutoro wekutarisira neboka rose.
Maitiro Evanhu Pamwe Chete Anopikisa Sei?
Mhedzisiro yekuti tsika ine maitiro ehupenyu hwevanhu mumwechete inyaya huru yekufarira mundima yepakati-tsika dzepfungwa .
Vadzidzi vezvepfungwa dzepakati pemagariro vanoongorora kuti tsika dzakasiyana dzinobata sei maitiro evanhu. Vanowanzotarisa kune zvinhu zviri pasi rose pakati pemarudzi akasiyana-siyana enyika, pamwe nekusiyana pakati pevanhu.
Chimwe chinonakidza chiitiko chokuti maitiro evanhu vemagariro echekare-tsika vanocherechedza kuti vanhu vanobva mumarudzi evanhu vanozvitsanangura pachavo vanozvitsanangurira sei kuti avo vanobva mumagariro evanhu vanorondedzera vanotsanangura ivo pachavo. Vanhu vanobva kumarudzi evanhu vari voga vanozvifunga ivo vanoisa pfungwa dzavo pane kuzvimiririra kwete pane kutendana. Semugumisiro, vanowanzozvitsanangura ivo pachavo maererano neunhu hwavo hwakasiyana nemunhu uye unhu hwake .
Munhu anobva mumhando iyi yemutauro angati "Ndiri kuongorora, kunyara, uye mutambo." Izvi zvinogona kuenzaniswa nemanzwiro evanhu vanogara mumagungano evanhu, avo vangangodaro vataure chimwe chinhu chakadai, "Ndiri murume akanaka uye shamwari yakavimbika."
Kungofanana neizvi-zvitsanangudzo zvakasiyana zvichienderana nezvetsika? Kutsvakurudza kwakaitwa naMa uye Schoenemann kwakawana kuti nepo 60 muzana yevaKenya (mutsika wevanhu vose) vakazvitsanangura ivo maererano nemabasa avo mukati memapoka asi 48 muzana yevaAmerica (tsika yevanhu pachavo) vakashandisa maitiro avo kuti vazvitsanangure pachavo.
Sources:
Kim, HS, & Markus, HR Kusununguka kana kuenzanirana, Kubvumirana kana kuwirirana? A Mutsika Kuongorora. Zvinyorwa zveMunhu uye Social Psychology . 1999; 77: 785-800.
Ma, V., & Schoeneman, TJ Individualism neClassictivism: Kuenzaniswa kweKenya neAmerica Self-concepts. Basic uye Applied Social Psychology. 1997; 19: 261-273.
Markus, HR, & Kitayama, S. Utsika uye Kuzvimirira: Zvinokonzerwa neCognition, Kusuruvara, nekukurudzira. Ongororo yePfungwa , 1991; 98 (2): 224-253.