Kutya kwezvinokanganisa-makumbo? Scared of slithering nyoka? Zvakanaka, iwe hausi woga. Maererano neAmerica Psychiatric Association, phobias ndiyo chirwere chinowanzopfungwa chepfungwa pakati pevakadzi uye chechipiri chinowanikwa pakati pevarume. Sangano reNational Institute of Mental Health rinoratidza kuti phobias inobata vanenge 19.2 mamiriyoni eUnited States. Aya mafibias anowanzobuda panguva yehuduku kana kuyaruka uye anoenderera mberi kuva munhu mukuru. Vanowanzobatawo kaviri vakadzi vakawanda sezvavanoita varume.
Kune tsanangudzo dzakawanda dzekuti sei phobias inokura , kusanganisira kushanduka kwezvinhu uye mafungiro edzidziso. Pasinei nokuti chii chinokonzera, phobias inogona kurapwa iyo inogona kuderedzwa uye yakabviswa nemafungiro ekuziva uye maitiro ekurapa maitiro uye mishonga.
Phobias zvinowanzoshamisa, asi chii chinonyanya kutya vanhu? Pane imwe phobias inowanzove yakakurumbira kune vamwe here?
Izvozvo zvinotevera phobias ndezvimwe zvezvinhu zvakajairika kana mamiriro ezvinhu anotungamirira kukutya uye zviratidzo zvakadai sekuzora, kusuruvara, nekufema. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zviratidzo izvi zvinowedzera mukuputika kwakazara. Aya phobias anojairika anowanzobatanidza mhuka, mhuka, kutya kwejojo uye ropa, pamwe nemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo.
Arachnophobia
Arachnophobia ndiko kutya kwezvitsotsi uye dzimwe arachnids. Iyi phobia yakajairika, inokonzera vakawanda sevana vatatu muvakadzi uye 1 mu4 varume. Kuonekwa kwegurusi kunogona kuita kuti vanhu vatye, asi mune dzimwe nguva, kungoita mufananidzo we arachnid kana kufunga kwegurusi kunogona kutungamirira kumanzwiro ekutya kukuru uye kutya.
Saka sei vanhu vakawanda vachivhunduka nema arachnids? Kunyange apo kune inofungidzirwa zviuru makumi matatu zvezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinenge zvakapoteredza gumi chete zvinokonzera mhando ipi neipi yekutyisidzira kwevanhu. Imwe yezvinotsanangurwa zvakajeka zveizvi uye mhuka dzakafanana dzemhuka ndezvokuti zvisikwa izvi zvakamboita dambudziko guru kumadzitateguru edu ainge asina kodzero yekuziva nezvehutano uye zvishandiso zvekugadzirisa kugadzirisa kukuvadzwa kubva mhuka uye zvipembenene. Somugumisiro, kushanduka kwekushanduka kwakakonzera kugadzirisa kutya zvisikwa izvi.
Ophidiophobia
Ophidiophobia ndiko kutya nyoka. Iyi phobia yakajairika uye kazhinji inonzi inokonzerwa nekushanduka-shanduka zvinokonzera, zvaunosangana nazvo, kana tsika. Vamwe vanoti sezvo nyoka dzimwe nguva dzine uchetura, madzitateguru edu avo vaidzivisa njodzi dzakadaro vaigona kupona uye kupfuurira mazamu avo. Mune chidzidzo chevanhu vatatu vanotya nyoka, zvisinei, vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti 3 chete yevanhu ava vakamborohwa nenyoka. Ichokwadi, ruzhinji rwevatori vechikamu rwakanga ruine zvishoma kana zvisingataurirwi zvakananga nenyoka pane chero ipi zvayo.
Imwe nyanzvi inoratidza kuti kutya nyoka nemhuka dzakafanana zvinogona kubuda kunze kwekutya kwezvirwere uye kusvibiswa. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti mhuka idzi dzinowanzokonzera kushorwa, izvo zvinogona kutsanangura kuti sei nyoka dzepabhe dzakawanda asi vanhu havawanzo kuratidzira phobias yakafanana yemhuka dzine ngozi dzakadai seshumba kana mbongoro.
Acrophobia
Acrophobia , kana kutya kwezvikomo zvepamusoro, zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwevanhu vane mamiriyoni makumi maviri nezviviri. Kutya uku kunogona kutungamirira kuzvirwere zvekuzvidya mwoyo nekudzivirira nzvimbo dzakakwirira. Vanhu vanotambura neiyi phobia vanogona kuenda kunzvimbo dzakakwirira kudzivirira nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzakadai semabhiriji, shongwe, kana zvirefu zvivako.
Kunyange mune dzimwe nguva izvi kutya kwezvikomo zvepamusoro zvinogona kunge zvichiguma nekuda kwechiitiko chinotyisa, kufunga kwemazuva ano kunoratidza kuti kutya uku kungave kwakagadziriswa sekuchinjwa kune imwe nzvimbo iyo kuwira kubva kumatenga kwakakonzera dambudziko guru. Kunyange zvazvo zvakajairika kuti vanhu vave nehuwandu hwekutya pavanosangana nepamusoro-soro, chebibia inosanganisira kutya kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kutya kwekutya nekudzivisa maitiro.
Aerophobia
Aerophobia , kana kutya kwekubhururuka, kunokanganisa vanhu vanofungidzirwa mamiriyoni 8 eUnited States pasinei nokuti njodzi dzomumakumbo dzisina kunyanya. Vanenge 1 kubva kune vanhu vatatu vane imwe nhamba yekutya kubhururuka. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinowanzobatanidzwa nehupenzi iyi zvinosanganisira kudedera, kukurumidza mwoyo, uye kunzwa kunetseka.
Kutya kubhururuka dzimwe nguva kunoita kuti vanhu vasabhururuka zvachose. Inowanzobatwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwehutachiona , umo mutengi ari pishoma uye zvishoma nezvishoma anoziviswa kutiza. Munhu wacho angatanga nokufungidzira pachavo pandege vasati vashanda kusvika pachokwadi vachigara pane ndege uye pakupedzisira vachipfuura nendege.
Cynophobia
Kushandura njodzi , kana kutya kwe imbwa, kazhinji kunobatanidza nehupenyu hwehupenyu hwehupenyu hwakadai sekurohwa nembwa pahuduku. Zviitiko zvakadaro zvinogona kunge zvichishungurudza uye zvinogona kutungamirira kune mhinduro dzekutya dzinopedzisira dzakura.
Izvi zvinogona kunge zvakanyanya kufanana. Dzimwe kuongororwa zvinoratidza kuti vazhinji vanenge 36 kubva muzana yevanhu vose vanotsvaka kurapwa kwechimwe chebibia vane kutya kwakanyanya imbwa.
Iyi phobia haisi kungofanana nekunaka kwemajini asina kujairika; iyo kutya kusinganzwisisiki uye kwakanyanyisa kunogona kuve nekukanganisa kwakanyanya muupenyu hwemunhu nekushanda. Semuenzaniso, munhu ane iyi phobia angave akanzwa asingakwanisi kufamba neimwe nzira mumugwagwa nokuti vanoziva kuti kune imbwa inogara munzvimbo iyoyo. Kuzvidzivirira uku kunogona kukanganisa kukwanisa kwomumwe munhu kuita muupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva uye kuita kuti zvive zvakaoma kusvika kushanda, kuchikoro, kana zvimwe zviitiko kunze kwemusha.
Astraphobia
Astraphobia kutya kwekutinhira nemheni. Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanonzwa vachitya zvikuru pavanosangana nemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro emamiriro okunze.
Zviratidzo zvekushaya nyota zvinowanzofanana nezvimwe zvebibias uye zvinosanganisira kuzununguka, kukurumidza kwemoyo, nekuwedzera kufema. Munguva yekutinhira kana dutu remhepo, vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanogona kuenda kune hurefu hwakakura kuti vadzivirire kana kuvanza kubva mumamiriro ekunze akaita seanovanza mubhedha pasi pezvivharo kana kunyange ducking mukati memakamuri kana mudzimba.
Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanowanzotanga kuwedzera kunyanya kunetseka nemamiriro ekunze. Vanogona kupedza nguva yakawandisa zuva roga roga kutevera mamiriro ekunze nemamiriro ekunze kuitira kuti vazive kuti rini chero dutu remhepo ringagona kuitika. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, iyi phobia inogona kutotungamirira kune agoraphobia umo vanhu vanotya kusangana nemheni kana kutinhira kuti havagoni kusiya misha yavo.
Trypanophobia
Trypanophobia ndiko kutya kwejojo, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti dzimwe nguva vanhu varege kurapa navanachiremba. Kungofanana nehobias dzakawanda, kutya uku kunowanzosatorwa nokuti vanhu vanodzivisa chinhu chinokonzera uye mamiriro ezvinhu. Anofungidzira zvinoratidza kuti vazhinji vanenge 10 kubva muzana yevanhu vari muUnited States vanobatwa nehuwandu hwechibibia.
Apo vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanofanirwa kuva nejojo, vanogona kunzwa manzwiro ekutya kwakanyanya uye kukwira kwepfungwa yepamusoro kunotungamirira kusvika kuitiro. Vamwe vanhu vanotopfuura panguva yejojo. Nemhaka yokuti zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kunge zvinotambudza, vanhu vane chirwere ichi dzimwe nguva vanodzivirira vanachiremba, vanachiremba meno, uye vamwe vashandi vezvehutano kunyange kana vane chirwere chepanyama kana chirwere chinoda kutarisirwa.
Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder)
Nharaunda inobatanidza vanhu inosanganisira kutya kwemagariro evanhu uye inogona kunge yakanyanyisa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, idzi phobias dzinogona kuva dzakanyanya zvokuti vanhu vanozvidzivirira zviitiko, nzvimbo, uye vanhu vanogona kutotanga kurwisa kushungurudzika.
Vanhu vane iyi phobia vanotya kuonekwa kana kunyadziswa pamberi pevamwe. Kunyangwe mabasa ezuva nezuva, sekudya kudya kunogona kuva kunetseka-kunotyisa. IAmerica Psychiatric Association inotaura kuti hukama hwemagariro evanhu hunowanzokura munguva yekuyaruka uye inogona kuramba hupenyu hwose kunze kwokunge ichitapwa.
Nzira yakakurumbira yekushamwaridzana nevamwe ndeyekutya kutaura kwepachena. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kushamwaridzana kwevanhu kunogona kukonzera vanhu kudzivisa kusangana nemamiriro ezvinhu evanhu kusanganisira chikoro nebasa, izvo zvinogona kuva nehukuru hwehupenyu hwemunhu uye kukwanisa kushanda.
Agoraphobia
Agoraphobia inosanganisira kutya kuti uri woga mumamiriro ezvinhu kana nzvimbo umo kupona kunogona kuoma. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kutya kune nzvimbo dzakawanda, nzvimbo dzakasununguka, kana mamiriro ezvinhu angangodaro anotyisa kutya. Vanhu vachatanga kudzivisa matanho aya, dzimwe nguva kusvika pavanopedza kusiya musha wavo zvachose.
Inenge chikamu chetatu chevanhu vane chirwere chinotyisa chinokura agoraphobia.
Agoraphobia kazhinji inowedzera imwe nguva pakati pekupedzisira-kuyaruka uye pakati pe30s. IAmerican Psychiatric Association inotaura kuti zvikamu zvitatu zvevanhu vane agoraphobia vakadzi. Chirwere ichi chinowanzotanga sechinhu chisingatarisiri chinotyisa chinotyisa, izvo zvino zvinotungamirira kuzvidya mwoyo pamusoro pekugona kwekumwe kuitika kunoitika.
Mysophobia
Mysophobia, kana kutya kwakanyanya kwezvirwere uye tsvina, zvinogona kutungamirira vanhu kuti vaite zvakanyanya kuchenesa, kunyanya kushambidza maoko, uye kunyange kudzivisa zvinhu zvezviitiko zvinonzwisiswa sezvisina kuchena. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, iyi phobia inogona kunge yakabatana nekutadza-kusagadzikana kwepfungwa .
Izvi zvinowanzoita kuti vanhu varege kubatana nevamwe vanhu kunze kwekutya kusvibiswa, kunyanya kushandiswa kwemishonga inodhaka, uye kunyanya kunetseka nemishumo yevhidhiyo pamusoro pekurwara kunobuda. Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanogonawo kudzivirira nzvimbo dzinogona kunge dziripo semishonga inofanirwa kuvapo sehofisi dzechiremba, ndege, zvikoro, uye ma pharmacy.
Shoko Rinobva
Phobias ndiyo imwe yemhando dzinowanzosangana nezvinetso zvepfungwa uye zvinogona kuita kuti vanhu vasavhiringidzika mukushanda uye hupenyu. Nenzira yakanaka, kurapa kwakachengeteka uye kunobudirira kunowanikwa kunogona kusanganisira psychotherapy , mishonga, kana kusanganiswa kwezvose.
Kurapa kwakakodzera kunobva kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu zvinosanganisira zviratidzo uye kuoma kwei phobia, saka nguva dzose inonakisisa kutaurirana nachiremba wako kana mushonga kuitira kuti uite hurongwa hwehutano hunoshanda nokuda kwehumwe mamiriro ako ezvinhu.
> Sources:
> American Psychiatric Association. Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
> Davey, GCL, McDonald, AS, Hirisave, U, Prab, GG, Iwawaki, S, Jim, CI, Merckelbach, H, de Jong, PJ, Leaung, PWL, & Reimann, BC. Chidzidzo cheMutsika-Mutsika Wekutya Kwemhuka. Maitiro uye Ongororo Therapy. 1998; 36: 735-750.
> Fredrikson, M, Anas, P, F, Fischer, H, & Wik, G. Gender uye kusiyana kwemakore muhuwandu hwekutya kwakanaka uye phobias. Maitiro Okutsvakurudza uye Therapy. 1996; 34 (1): 33-39.
> Kessler, RC, Chiu, WT, Demler, O, Merikangas, KR, & Walters, EE. Kuwedzera, kuoma, uye kukanganiswa kwematambudziko gumi nemwedzi gumi nemaviri eDSM-IV muNational Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2005; 62 (2): 617-627.
> Rentz, TO, Powers, MB, Smits, AJ, Cougle, JR, & Telch, MJ. Kushanda-kufungidzira kufungidzirwa: kuongororwa kwehutano hutsva hwehutano hwejinophobia (imbwa phobia). Maitiro Okutsvakurudza uye Therapy. 2003; 41 (11): 1337-1353.